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Deogted for dard target tera 9” fer ieedem of movement, soley platen ‘25.00 Mreditonel monic ors.” diameter ond ha? tek, 97.20 ‘9.00 Sees Ml, cH 15.0 pr The dale torgel 8° Sees See Orvee form: 1” Siar Rese nse Oo to Stenderd $19.00 Please Write for Studio and Deluxe £25.00 Tournament Sales Discount Rates Call TOLL FREE (800) 424-1000 Use our convenient ORDER FORM = Jhon Rhee Sports, Inc. * 2000 L Str NW, Suite 101 © Washington, D.C. 20036 * Tele: (202) USA-1000Ghd q INTRODUCING KNUCKLE PUNCH JHOON RHEE DESIGNED FOR THE Jhon Rhee, interntionall TRADITIONAL MARTIAL ARTIST Srcvuve tne of peered pe ment, has devoted his lifetime MADE IN ft soem ee es fe oe TRADITIONAL WHITE Wri vt os tertene PROTECTS ALL KNUCKLES AND _ sitevaittestet leone, nie BACK OF FIST Se eect Neorg LIGHT AND UNRESTRICTIVE quest for improvement, alwys making ONLY £15.00 A PAIR Sronvinoi nove n marl art prtecton, ITEM SIZE_|QUANT|TOTAL| MEASUREMENTS | sume. 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Shoon Rhee Sports, Inc. 20001 Street, NW Suite 101 - Washington, D.C. 20036 Tele: (202) USA-1000BIACK BELT ‘APRIL 1981, VOL. 19, NO. 4 Michal James, Pulishe, ‘incaLATION ‘ea'Smon,sssatunt Puoioner Martone Hubet SLACK BEL STAFF ‘onmrcnd ‘en Sewer, reese ator ‘ise Cones, An Decor Gary Selanan ‘te Manson Asian tor ee ‘Tene Hoey ‘ek Vugha, Copy Er aon rata Chin tort Asstant his, Sin wine Toca ae rela deck Proogrepber ole sovERnsiNe ames Prater Robert Matheney, Adverising Diecter Alex Stenberg arbre Lanta Avertiing Assistant Carl Steere ‘aligned’ a8 imprarical shy and easly ‘runfows. Ts month Hee I Gho esputes Steen onpsanangsackih rasa seoge Contents FEATURES ‘THE FLYING KICK—Heo II Cho points out that the jum spinning backkick was never intended to be an offensive weapon—but rather a practical and effective countertachnique. 92__ WHITE EYEBROW KUNG FU—Developed during the cvil war of the Ching Dynasty, pak mel is ‘characterized by the strength and quickness of “scared” or sudden power. 36__ CHINESE MARTIAL ARTS AND THE MEDICINAL TRADITION—A university professor ex- plores the ancient origins of herbal medicines, tne theory of cf ang tne Denetits of breathing ‘exercises as they relate to contemporary martial arts. 43__ ANIMAL FORMS—Velled in secrecy, the Shaolin monks distilled the practice of their fighting methods into what became the essence of the ait. 46 _ THE KI OF AIKIDO: A PROGRESSIVE PERSPECTIVE—A 20.yesr aikido practitioner that the “mystical” power of ki is nothing more than applied physics. §2__ SAMURAI POLICE—The police of old Japan constantly searched for innovative techniques ‘and practical weapons—some of the greatest martial artisis of all time might have been thes samural police, ‘compete in the WUKO World Championships last November, and for the fist ti ‘came home with a gold medalist. 0 __THE AMERICAN JUDOKA; JACK-OF-ALL-TRADES AND MASTER OF NONE?—Giyde Kimura ‘argues that one reason for America’s poor showing in world judo competition is that Westerners know numerous techniques, Dut are unable to pertect any. 66 __ PHYSICAL FORCE VS MENTAL FORCE—Is super-physical strength a prerequisite to fighting ‘ability? Not according to some who would contend itis the type, not the amount, of strength that Is Important. 70__ EFFECTIVE COMBINATIONS Although tang soo do instructor Yong Ju Lee thinks students should master one art before learning others, he is convinced that serious martial artists should develop an original fighting style, 74 SHOGUN'S SHADOW—In this final episode, Kubla Khan has sent his Mongol horde on ‘Korean-navigated ships to invade the kingdom of the insolent “king of Japan,” confident they will have litte trouble trouncing the tiny nation into submission. DEPARTMENTS. SLACK BELT mapuzine is publshed monty by Rainbow Pbicatons, he. Estria advertising ad cculation ofices at 1845 W. Empire Aver, Burbank Ga SIS04 Second cast postage paid Bubani CA. and aaltonl pow ofcas. 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GUARANTEE 1 a: Peswees 5 You may return your equipment in {| 7-Children any condition within 24 months of | *ShoeSze purchase and receive a new pair at | 4, Smosze le sore 1/2 the advertised retail price at time } '' torsy FS :Meeatenates tamale, vin of return. Postage and handling to be | 13.shoeSze {Fropad Overs nly Supoedin72 Hows "078 paid by purchaser according to} — 12-19, Bavkamenicano: NasTEROHARGED, advertised rates at time of return. = Spore’ CLOO) mess CLO : cvotewsne TT TIT TITTITIT) FULL PRICE GUARANTEE =} GLove sizes os Ma Lite adults You may return your merchandise in } §. women & teens PERLONAL CHECKS HELD 18 WORKINGDAYS a new condition within seven days } ohitd-children ie Bae and get a prompt refund of purchase + x. lg bepress oe | (ig ment. 1 Size only BR I | { NOJP-5UG-220CEDITORIAL PERSPECTIVE ‘We get a lot ot letters here at BLACK BELT, mostly containing comments and well-intentioned criticism. They range from basie ta bizarre; from kind to caustic. ‘Some of them are difficult to interpret. For example, one correspondent sug. gested, apparently in all seriousness, an articie on use of LSD as a training aid since he felt he had made fantastic progress training under its influence. We think we'll wait until the movie version comes out on that one, Another reader took Hidy Ochiai to task because of his appearance on our over. According to this reader, there were at least four major faults with his foim, from his grip on the sword, to the position of the scabbard, to the knot in his hakama, This reader, indignant at these “technical flaws,” demanded to know Ochiai’s laido school. (if he had read the article, he probably would have ‘noted that it was never claimed that Ochiai was a student of any style of ialdo.) These letters are among the more memorable of the past year or so. But seldom have we received a (tidal) wave of response similar to what oocurred last November when Jack Farr was depicted wearing a beer company patch on his {9i.Perhaps three dozen letters arrived in the first two weeks commenting on the idea of a martial artist wearing advertising on his 9). ‘There were those who thought that a true mertial artist ought never to wear advertising patches—or any patches at all for that matter, There were those who thought Farr should be proud of his patch since it represented big-business sponsorship and indicated that sport karate has finally arrived, And there were those who felt that showing a patch like that on the BLACK BELT cover was about as appropriate as wearing a flexible cup to a full-contact bout—but that Farr had a periect right to wear whatever he might choose, From the editor's point of view all the fuss seems excessive when the situa- tion is put in proper context. Competitive karate is a spectator sport—or would like to be—and as such fills a different niche in the martial a's picture than traditional martial arts. It's just that some people like to compete directly againet another person, and they feel they have a right omodity the arts in such 4 way as 10 allow that. The name of that particular game is national rankings. travel and yes, sponsorship. To these peopie, big-company sponsorship Is the answer to a prayer, andthey would say that sport competition needs moreo! the same, {mn traditional schools of thought, martial arts are taught for their more subtie spiritual value, an emphasis sometimes overlooked by the fighters who preter to practice kicks instead of kata. The traditionalists would probably like to see every gi looking the same—clean white with a properly tied belt knot. Patches, jn such a context, would constitute a sign of profound disrespect. The point here is that the martial arts are many things to many people. Those who insist that tho martial arte aro only for one purpose remind us o! the fable of the seven blind men who discovered an elephant—each man described the elephant differently, depending on which part they happened to touch, None of the blind men was completely wrong to describe the alophant according to what he experienced, but all even made the mistake of assuming that the elephant onsisted of nothing more than the small part they felt, And as far as the mail goes, we're proud that the comments have been responsible and the criticism intelligent and thoughtful. We'll try to live up to the high standards our readers demand, and we're always glad to hear from them, pro or con, kindor caustic, —John Stewart‘A. STUDENT KARATE UNIFORM, — C. SATIN UNIFORMS rot ‘Soon B. PRO UNIFORMS. Geoemcemtoe nt tt en sovateeoes Peet ty so ret tin i con ttre es a i ants 9% SE namem, —D- HEAVY KICKING BAGS = 4 np aR a Bd Bere we mS 6. 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TOTAL GYM BENEFITS: * TOTAL GYM accom ‘modates anyone’s fitness level. * 70 positive, resull-produc- ing exercises can be done ‘on the TOTAL GYM, * TOTAL GYM uses one’s ‘own body weight. Perfect for men, women and children, Plus shipping and freight TOTAL GYM provides ‘= TOTAL GYM allows full lower back support, and range of motion for reduces orthopaedic trauma | maximum strength and to the spine commonly ex. flexibility, perienced in weightlifting | * TOTAL GYM is safe and and running, efficient—there are no All bodybuilding and dangerous weights. Self- weight training exercises instructional materials and can be duplicated on the training programs are TOTAL GYM. provided. (Basic Fitness, ‘TOTAL GYM provides Running, Racquet Sports stretching and flexion for and Skiing) muscle toning, TOTAL GYM is time ef- ficient—a 20-minute circuit: training program can be ‘easily adapted into anyone's life-style. TOTAL GYM can be used for sports training, car diovascular endurance, physical therapy and re- habilitation, bodybuilding and conditioning, To order your TOTAL GYM write to: Horizon Haws (Quik-Gitt Ine. 1314 S. King St. #863 or_1845 W. Empire Avenue Honolulu, Hawail 96814 Burbank, California 91504Hall of Fame Comments | have just received the plaque that represents the Black Belt Hall of Fame, Man of the Year 1980, and | am overwhelmed by this great honor. Ac- Ccepting this award, | truly feel e mixed sense of pride, humility and apprecia- tion, ‘Your magazine has been very kind to me in the past. Your generous and fair coverage on my activity and ac- complishments has been a constant source of encouragement both per- sonally and professionally. It has been ‘an important source of my selt-asser- tiveness 2s well a8 a means to com- municate with my fellow martial art- ists throughout the world. | would like to express my sincere appreciation to your magazine for understanding and cooperation not only on my behalf, but also on behalf of all martial artists. The contribution BB has made for the promotion and education of the martial arts through ut the world is simply immeasurable. | pledge to continue to do my bast to train, learn and propagate the mar- tial arts with an open mind not only in its traditional sense, but also in a larger sense of the applied disciplines of art-sports. will always try to maintain and enhance the image of a strong and dignified martial arts. | would like to ‘contribute to their growth in this coun- try and elsewhere, even if just a little. ‘Again, thank you and those who are responsible for this great honor. Hidy Ochiai Vestal, NY Good choice! BLACK BELT's deci- sion to name Hidy Ochiai its Man of the Year honors someone who is not only one of the world’s leading martial artists but an exceptional teacher and human being. Ochiai’s devotion to and patience with his students is almost super- human. Though he has hundreds of active students and countless others whom time has drawn away, he still makes a point of knowing each of us as different people with different needs, and meeting those needs. De- spite constant requests from all over the world for his appearance, he raroly leaves his dojo and students. He teaches us individually as much as possible, often sparring with us all— man or woman, eiderly or young, hand- Icapped or expert, white or black belt. Nor does Ochiai's commitment end at the dojo doors. He finds time to carry his teaching outside by writing books, iving demonstrations in the community, visiting his branch schools, and even teaching a college- level philosophy course. His wisdom and kindness are reflected in all he does and are testimony to the non- violent nature of true karate. It is an honor to be a student of Hidy Ochiai, and a pleasure to see BB grant him a small portion of the rec: ‘ognition he deserves. Barry Ingber Ithaca, NY ‘AAU Point of View With the recent return of the US. National AAU Karate Team from the Sth WUKO World Championships in Madrid, Spain, and the concern over the AAU karate effort, | think it's im- portant that credit is given where and to whom it is due—the competitors and coaches, In the Editorial Perspective of the January '81 BB, notice was given to the AAU Karate Committee's “‘preoc: cupation with childish matters.” ‘Another preoccupation of the commit- tee and some of its individual mem- bers has been to take all recognition for any positive achievement in the ‘organization, with little or no mention of the people who truly deserve to be honored. In that one world champion- ship was brought home from Spain and that several other team members placed, | would like to see the com- petitors and team coach receive the alory and publicity merited by their ef- forts and achievements. Its long over: due. They truly deserve it, Deborah Karlan Dover, NH We have managed to include a story (on the recent Madrid competition only through the unselfish efforts of certain members associated with the coach- ing staff. The AAU Karate Committee Chairman, instead of submitting infor- ‘mation on the coaches and com- petitors, decided to send the editor a profile on himself compiete with an ‘onus sage 8 ~-40B IN RAFTING! read, Maybe you can find a} Cafes a) ernie eat cl with rence Spe Eventhiartnom bes {doded wiht care, peeeerteeeted 1 fpiamensooe same fg 1 f covemmennpe smearOnly $17.95 PRO: PRO-BOOT* $1795 Chto. 5 With the Original $17.95 Extra thick is Velcro wristelosure Look! 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St Louis, Mo. 63043 1-800 -'$25-1652 16 day delivery on orders paid by money order or charge— 3week delay on personal checks. 1a Register Trademark. royal Inc.INSTRUCTORS’ FORUM ‘ofthe Group, McClellan AFB, California, speaks fon karaio snd Christianity to” various ‘Organizations and hae assisted in teaching ‘martial ats to members of the McClean Emergency Service Team (E81) of the bare security poles force during Sine Ho hes studied diverse. styl ‘eyotushinkal, goluryu and shitoryu karate, ‘Shaolin evan gung tu, tae kwon do and tontveness to the Etfectve.” Karate—Sporting with Survival by John V. Miller A trophy or your life? There's more: to karate than kicks and punches. Of all the systems and styles of karate, there are really only two applica- tions—sport and combat art. Anyone going into it must make @ choice be- tween the two. In my opinion 90 percent of the peo- ple taking up karate (and 50 percent already in it) do not know the dif- ference. Is the schoo! or style in ques- tion teaching self-defense or competi tion? The choice is yours, depending ‘on why you want to study empty-hand fighting. There is a Ditierence When karate is taught as a means ‘of winning points in a tournament classified as a sport, not an art, pri- marily because the prize is a trophy or ‘@ reputation for the instructor or school. The training is 90 percent Physical and ten percent psycholog lal, because the techniques that score points or a knockout must be ef- fective. The training and techniques are developed and exccuted under a set of rules before a referee. In essence, the fighter in. sport karate tends to become conditioned to re- strictions. Here is the problem and distinction between karate as a sport versus the combat art (science). When condi- tioned to tournament bouts, the fighter tends not to see a kick coming to his groin ora technique to the wind- pipe as ina realistic fight. An attacker in rage doesr't care about, not does he have mercy on, his target ina life-or death conflict—the karateka’s chances for a victory are slim. Ingividual is Ail important What makes karate stand out as an art form is the dedication, ability and uniqueness of the person performing it. Contrary to popular belief, there is no ideal style or self defense system. Solf-oxprossion and creativity, as in any ar, is the key to the art in karate. Cattiticates and trophies. mean nothing to the self-actualized martial artist. His training is physical, mental and spiritual, and is geared to selt- development. To understand any mar- tial art, you must understand the philosophy and thought behind it When baseball went to Japan, the American rules of play went with it. To change it would change the concept of Its original intention. Karate is the same; it was never intended for sport according to its origin. Student is Main Concern Poorly produced movies, cheap commercial schools and phony black bolt reprosentativos have given the art a black eye. You needn't invest money to learn a martial art. The Bushido Code of Ethics says: “A teacher never charged more money payments—it something of value was given, it was an offering. The teachers main con- cern was his student.” Finding the right instructor is not easy—wearing a black belt doesn't mean he's qualified. if he has a ton of trophies and you'e interested in sport, you've found a winner. In my opinion, a black belt must be able to demonstrate ki. Ki is an inter. nal energy derived through years of practice and study. Itis not the ability to break bricks and boards—anyone can do that. It's a spontaneous con: centration of energy, an awakening of the senses. It's the ability to go beyond the normal muscular sires tolerance with a psychological absence of fear. ‘Atrue black belt must also be able to explain the history and origin of his kata (a series of moves with kicks, blocks and punches against imaginary opponents). Kata is considered the principle of movement application and allows the karateka to practice by him: self. It develops form and grace. The martial artist must also have the in tegrity to be an example of character to others. ‘cunt ge 8 Sra upto¥es hedum Sv" 108; Large ow &, Ccumaina caws — FOOT SPIKES — Lace Kuthenteaiy styled. secre acres fost or ands, ana i bocued byhoany duty black Sgustabie. "S- ‘lamar Also wed ad figing weapan 3 seen Ee nas faa {rd andsonatoning We - ORDER BLANK ‘Send Money Oe fer fan shpmant Persona cho ro Ninja ute CeingCiaws Feat spikes ‘Black Starker Nia Str Cae ‘00 ‘Na Combat Mathes 00 waite. BEAVER PRODUCTS Be pox tanSPECIALIZING IN AUTHENTIC KARATE EQUIPMENT SHUREIDO (MADE IN OKINAWA) Karate Unitorms O-BUDO STEEL SAI KO.BUDO TONER os Tat FoR KEWDO uno | Pt RYUKYU ENTERPRISES, INC. os Angeles, California 90019 Fal. tara) daneaone Name. Aare. st zip canada, Hawai, Alstka, Puerto Rico add 20%. ‘Teta! Amount Ina sharp counterattact, Dzhangir Shakhmuradov (right) scores ‘on Pak of Uzbekistan in the 50 kg. class. (Novosti photo.) Soviet Karateka Prepare for Debut in International Competition by Yevgeny Zykov LENINGRAD, U.S.S.R—Karate is the youngest sport in th USSR, officially recognized only two years ago, and Soviet karateka are preparing for their international debut. The sec- ‘ond national karate tournament took place in Leningrad on October 25.29, as the last test before the USSR Champion- ship to be held in Tashkent (capital of Uzbekistan, Central Asia) in early 1981. Next May, the Soviet karateka plan to make their debut at the European title meet in Venice. Said Eduard Tinn, president of the Estonian SSR Karate Federation and deputy chief arbiter of the Leningrad tourna- ment: “I hope, the Soviets will provide a tough rivalry for the European karate stars.” In Tinn's and other sports experts’ view, young athletes performed better among the 160 par- ticipants in the Leningrad tournament, representing union republics, Moscow and Leningrad. It is interesting to note that among the prizewinners of the toumey there were ‘many athletes from the republics, where karate has become Popular only in the last few years. “The skills of the performers in the recent tourney were higher as compared with the previous one held in Tallinn, Estonian capital, in December 1979," according to Alexei ‘Shturmin, deputy chairman of the USSR Karate Federation, director of the Moscow Central Karate School (see BLACK BELT June, 1979),) TRAIN FOR Se TN All kinds of situations exist in the world of martial arts—competing, sparring, ee eC rennet Co au kee eC Roget Tee cee eR Ce) available for training: ora Crane tro) Ce eee Le areNY & WONDH BY BUICK BY FHROW BY KICK BY PUNCH BY | BLOCK THROW BY KICK BY PUNCH BY BLOCK BY THROW BY KICK BY PUNCH BY BLOCK BY THROW BY KICK BY PUNCH BY BLOCK BY THROW BY KICK: Setting the trends in martial arts for training books, OHARA offers you the most complete martial arts library available. A must for technique-conscious individuals who want to add to their arsenal of skills. OHARA Publications feature all the ex- otic arts from the classical to the new innovative forms such as jeet kune do originated by the immortal Bruce Lee. You'll also find a complete section of books on weapons such as Nunchaku, a best-seller by Fumio Demura, one of the foremost weapons experts in classical martial arts. Whatever your needs—Chinese, Japa- nese, Okinawan, Korean, spe- cialties, weapons, or history ‘and philosophy, OHARA has the best Coming soon: Additional titles will soon be available to the public. Watch for an- nouncements in BLACK BELT, KARATE ILLUS- TRATED and FIGHTING ‘STARS. Be the first to sharpen your mind and skill with OHARA. Pease see opposite page for descriptions and prices of Ohara's available titles. To order, please use the handy order form on Page 64 of this magazine.pe BE a fy iat! A a f ig a i E i cE # a: ‘ i ‘eense TeEmBUE br cmon tn Soto fo 0 eta eu ok lw yr tow ttt Jour ‘che ‘orange bo are ec me meses WE Tho OF JET MIME ty ace is "ie word casa by (Bees ea Dy an aw cs. ace sou mg mane 0 ioe ee ome ena keine ais swe en ua meee Se can ea Rnmewecaes EAR BUCELEE. aang so some greens ‘esol fact to mss SRUEE EES FING METHOD oy cso art Dra For beta (iy eed or pape toate “os isis suren wane 1X8, YOU by rg. Tn os test beside puna enoene she se eT 1 et uate. wy oon ftemuns ha wot Po St Oa dun Tv Dame A Bag Sng suntv oslo aves ‘hems be pac) sus ot Teta ‘sca Tera a oF mean ‘loan oben np = 13 Sa yur et hn. "as 85 hogy, ist (Sensaums eon es ‘rome bt epegas hepa Snstsattsen eo ce LEE AGING METHOD oy Prevtaeae w tyra 3 TS so YOUME He Tig, ay Youme swage imme anes on vrs noe Saas ira serv lp re ieee oe Sahara tse st te fae ne rs San Ere ‘oon en fe whe Bemus pees x ieee oe ee ies ak wena taeeteamee psemres tie rae in History and Philosophy THE, WEAPONS WAMRDAS. ‘rah sgt tr ore (cen Tne he eee ‘ong te ot 2 te t ‘ TIRE 8 5 Fs RFE ai i ie rit i aD ite misesen | Become Grand Champion of the National Karate Circuit Toe) Pea ane ed UUM EE CTE at) ae STi a ese ROT ee i ON Wears Century Pro Pants and Raa Ba Coen a rt GUARANTEE aoe md pi daseiehta CMU near) Pct purchase price, or exchange eu Se aera fran | ELASTIC WAISTOANO & Gioia Photo by Dick Tische! : Pro Pants with Any Top .....$38.95 UNIFORM COLORS: Red, Black, or | = White. : Pro Pants On; 21 3 a °° STRIPE COLORS: AnyCombination | = Sport Karate Top 17.00 of Red, Whiteor Black Stripes. white Uniforms Also Available with one Traditional Top Pictured) ....17.00 Redama one Siue Site : NOTE: Over 20.00 Unitorms in SIZES: Sand your waiat size and : = Stock: 92% of al uniforms shipped ‘ejaht for proper ft. panta come thin 72 hours. (Personal checks cause si lay.) Occasional Your proper lonath ster washing. Crema Dut be spacey tt We some sizes or colors. I this happens, could result in 4-6 week delay, ‘Send check, money ore, oF cet xr number a‘Shelkoynikov of Lithuania (inthe foreground) scores witha kick to the head. (Novosti photo.) The Leningrad team, including both veterane and promis: ing young athletes took the laurels in the team champion ships. Most notable performances were by Arnold Rish, 26, ‘a chemical worker, who was the best in the 80-kilogram category, and linguist Vladimir IIlarionov, 30, a winner of the 1979 toumament In absolute and neavy-welght categories. The Moscow team was runner-up. Special mention should be made of two representatives of the Central Karate School, architect Vitaly Pak, 25, who took the upper hand in the 55-kilogram category and karate instructor Dzhanghir Shakhmuradoy, a leader in the 50xilogram category. Besides Leningrad and Moscow, the teams from the Rus. sian Federation, Estonia and Lithuania made up the top five teams in the USSR. ‘There were exhibitions prior to the Leningrad tourney’s final bouts. Among the mest brilliant was the demonstration ‘of kata by Yuri Orlov, a veteran of Soviet karate, and @ referee at the tournament. Also among the favorites was Eleonora Volokontseva, a coach at a Leningrad gymnastic club, where she has studied kata for several years. Eleonora was excellent in tameshiwari (she broke an inch-thick pine held-up board with tafe-tsuk/) and demonstrated a number of kata from the shotokan, gojuryu and wadoryu systems. ‘At a press conference after the tournament Volokon: tseva pointed out that she was preparing for the first Ree eee) Dae eT OLS aN DEPARTMENT STORE OF CT ay TRAINING TOKAIDO (H-A) Prorectors §% 6m HAND & ARM (Hanae Ne POTTS igen, 86.00 $4.50 | _ Siz: Smaand Medion (a) Arm Protec Spabeorless 6 pao more (per pa. $00 750 vefebo “3 (49 Koowtapierpe~ 5.00 3.50 | S19.00PA $1100 px (Cte Protect Gee) 550 4.00 KARATE PUNCHING (6) Anke Potecior MATS (1 (penne) 50 2m | wet Bebo on (0) Shand step protect See SN (per pair) 20.00 17.00 KARATE KNAPSACK feryour patel usb Wrst $3.s0ea Back o siue(C) (A) Pain lack {o) sive wake. wording a mare (C) Black w/white Karate gure snd wording. Also in Bue Ye 1p. ame ‘ Wa. = nunca a S300 gos, WJ 04.8. = aetna ae (Gon Prt Seon PLEASE ADD $3.00 HANDLING CHARGE ON ORDERS UNDER $30.00 “HOUSE OF FINEST UNIFORMS IN THE WORLD" "HONDA" BEST NAME IN MARTIAL ARTS SUPPLIES Honda Associates, Inc. Ca Gan SA Le RAL LE aSMALLEST KARATEKA! We Now Have Your Uniform In Stock 4 World's Largest Karate Supply NOW SUPPLIES LITTLE PEOPLE TOO! sizes $19.95 White Only ‘NOT cHNDRE'S SLEEP WENR Call Toll Free 1-800-654-4701 Vitaly Pak (lef) counters Mikhail Roitman, who fails to complete ‘is kick. Photos courtesy Novosti news servic = Tony | ra | Ta anes ae SEATURy MARTIN. ANTS Total] " Seema ras rome ASIAN WORLD OF MARTIAL ARTS ' 295 Aer Sr um Beran 87 a oa ae oa i comet ‘aap avail Gian + Spats I | ae | nee ln wae! {aetna ee ar ! % Tevecnc . eee I eee ne ee eee eee eee! women's kata tournament in the USSR, Noxt year the Soviet Union will officially develop women’s karate in kata training only. Experts admit that the Leningrad tourney has shown once again that the choice of non-contact katate was cor- rect, for it meets the principles of humanism in Soviet sports. AS for the progress of the refereeing system in the USSR, the tournament was held according to the new rules which made the refereeing more accurate, and the athietes began to use a variety of techniques more confidently, The tournament's most popular competitor was Kazi- meras Bartkiavicius, 26, from Kaunas, Lithuania. During the first two minutes of the final bout, Bartkiavicius scored three times with a tob/yoko-gerl to the head that toppled his ‘opponent Alexander Genderson from Kazakhstan. Kazi- meras won the Leningrad tourney title in the 65kilogram weight category and a special prize for the mest spec- tacular victory. The most skiliful in tobi-geri was Leningrader Yevgeny Nechayer, 18, the only junior competitor in the tournament who was allowed to perform with the adults because of his skill (according to the Soviet karate regulations, the per- formers in the adult competitions must be at least 19). Yevgeny was runner-up in the 80-kilogram category and was awarded the special prize for the “tournament's youngest prize winner.” According to the new rules of refereeing, there are ten weight categories for the karateka, which makes the bouts more spectacular, with less injuries and wider participation, Soviet experts hope that international sports karate federa- tions will also increase the number of their weight cat ‘egories for the same reason, ‘Another change was to prolong the final bouts from three minutes to five. 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Broadway « Chicago, Ill. 60640 - 2 * ig 2 ; minutes, get a special warning. “All these measures are aimed to make the bouts more dynamic and prepare the Soviet karateka for the international toumaments,” Tin concluded. pss ee Instructor Lauded by Ohio State Legislature COLUMBUS, OH—AI Conway, director of Bushi-De-Karate Schools in Lyndon, Ohio, recently received a Certificate of Commendation from the Ohio State House of Representa tives recognizing 15 years of outstanding work with area youth. The commendation, sponsored by U.S. Congressman Bob McEwen and State Representative Myrl Shoemaker, also lauded Conway's annual promotion of the Buckeye State Karate Championship for bringing together many of the state's top competitors at one of the midwest’s finest sporting events, Japan Captures 7 of 8 Gold Medals at 1980 Canada Cup Judo Meet by Ranier Fischer (courtesy Judo Ontario Newsletter) QUEBEC CITY, CANADA—The 1980 Canada Cup was held on a cold and wet weekend at Laval University in Quebec City on October 45. Cool, autumn weather was setting in but it did nothing to coo! the hot action inside the spacious gymnasium. The 111 competitors from 11 countries includ- ‘@d 1980 Olympic gold medalists Thierry Rey of France and Belgium's Robert Van de Walle. Canada was represented by 50 competitors, 24 of whom were women. 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Critics point out that ‘once you leave your feet, you're dead; that it is a relatively simple task to sweep oversimplification. Noted tae kwon do instructor Hee Cho will be the first to admit that there is a degree of truth in many of the criticisms. But, he adds, the same blast could be leveled against a variety of techniques in any of a number of styles. “A technique cannot be judged as it stands alone,” remarked the 40-year-old Santa Monica Instructor. a kicking technique (or at least ef- fectively jam it before it can be prop- erly thrown); that they are slow, easi ly countered and waste energy un- necessarily. “All show and no go,” as they say in the car magazines. Like most criticlams founded in factional bickering among philo- sophically-polarized groups, these arguments should be viewed as an THE FLYING ICK: Devastating Counter- Technique or Supreme Waste of Energy? by John HansonThe Everlast Company loves to hear from Cho—he replaces a heavy beg every two or three ‘months.“It must be evaluated as to its adapt- ability to a person's fighting style. All techniques are not for everyone. What's effective and practical for ‘one person will not be equally effec: tive for someone else. A classic ‘case in point is the jump spinning backkick,” he said. “although there is evidence of similar techniques in other styles, the jump spinning backkick is usual: ly associated—for better or worse— with the Korean martial arts. The most common criticism is that while the kick is flashy and looks pretty, it doesn’t serve a practical purpose because it can be easily countered. What most people fail to realize is that the jump spinning backkick is not strictly an offensive weapon, but rather a very useful and potentially effective countertechnique. Granted, when used offensively—outside of its intended context—it is easy to counter with sweeps and hand tech- niques. But it was never intended to be an offensive weapon. “Alright, so when do you use it?” queried Cho. “Picture a technique that in one motion eludes an at- tacker and delivers @ devastating, knockout counter that would prob- ably end the fight immediately. A technique that is most effective when the opponent is confident and aggressive and charging in with strong linear punches. This is when the kick is most useful.” ‘According to Cho, the effec- tiveness of the technique lies in the duality of eluding and counterin one fluid motion, While spinning away from an attacker on a vertical axis, a natural body-weight momen. tum is developed. As the torso spins By 180 degrees, the power travels along a waist-high plane, Targeting the op- Ponent's torso, the force is delivered with the heel of the extended leg. The results can be brutal “There have been numerous scientific studies that have shown that in order to generate power behind a punch or a kick, one or both feet must be firmly planted on the ground," admitted Cho. “although these findings seem logical, | must disagree. | nonestly ‘can't see how any technique can ‘generate the power that is devel- Oped in a spinning backkick. Just to give you an example of what I'm talking about, | have three heavy bbage in my studio that students work out on daily. Without excep- tion, | have to replace one of the three bags every two or three months due to the heavy abuse they receive. Wnen analyzed for actual stopping power, | submit that there 1 When practicing the Jump backkick, Cho has his students” concen. trate onthe torso as the primary target ares. Head shots are usually more difficult to land ‘and a broken rib will usually dempen an op- ‘ponent’s aggression. Inthe series above (1-4), Cho demonstrates the proper technique for an effective and wellplacediump spinning backkicl. Notice ‘how the torso Is Kept as vertical as possi- ‘ble, how the body turns n0 more than 180 ‘degrees and how the striking teg 1s lald out (on a horizontal plane from lit-off to con- tact. is no kick as effective as the spin- ning backkick Cho insists that any technique ‘executed incorrectly or used im- properly is doomed to fail, and that knowing when to use a specific kick of punch is as important as knowing how it is thrown, He characterizes the spinning backkick as an effec: tive weapon for a small, quick per- son against a larger opponent. Ac- cording to Cho, in a street situation, a visibly larger, stronger attacker will usually rely on his superior bulk while attempting to overpower his smaller opponent. He will usually be willing to trade blows, confident thatImproper technique characteristically in- ‘cludes spinning the striking leg around in a vertical, rather than horizontal position ‘above), jumping too high andlaying the tor. ‘20 back too far. the smaller person will be unable to deliver any knockout power from a defensive posture. Ironically, it is from this defensive posture that the spinning kick is most effective. “The secret in transferring all the power that is generated, starts with getting the leg on an even, waist-high, horizontal plane.” The technique’s application to Competition (both in fullcontact and point tournament situations) is equally reasonable, says Cho. Ina full-contact match, fighter sets up his opponent by allowing him the false security of being the ag- gressor. The more ground that is 3 covered by a single offensive move, the easier itis to counter with a backkick. Once committed to a lung: ing punch, the aggressor is often wide open and unable to defend against a pinning counterkick. As effective as this technique in a full-contact format, itis in point tournament competition that the ‘spinning backkick has become ‘especially popular. Cheracteristica- ly a defensive countertechnique, many of the better competitors have transformed it into a functional of. fensive weapon—primarily because most open tournaments ban two of the most effective counters to an of- fensive spinning backkick—the take- down sweep and solid strikes to the back. Tae kwon do competitors are especially fond of the technique (naturally) and it is not uncommon to see a fighter charge his opponent with a flurry of three or four jump | spinning kicks in euccoesion.Thus, the jump spinning kick can be useful, effective and applicable to a variety of situations. But ac. cording to Cho, it's much more dif- ficult to execute than it would seam. “Ireally believe that much of the criticism that is leveled against the flying kicks stems from the fact that ‘most people can't throw it properly,” Cho explained. “One of the reasons why the kick is useful is that it's 30 powerful. Unfortunately, one of the 2% ‘As evidenced trom the photos above, breaking demos featuring the Jump spin. fing bactkick have become somewhat of a trademark of Cho's and a real crowd. pleaser at tournaments. biggest problems | see is a person's failure to transfer the power that is being generated to the target. It's fairly simple to break down the most common mistakes, however. “The idea behind transferring all the power that is generated to a specific target starts with getting the leg on an even, waist-high, horizontal plane. The sooner the leg locks into that flat line of force—the further it travels in a straight line— the stronger the kick. What happens all to0 often is that when the kicker jumps and spins into his kick; he lifts both legs vertically perpendicu- lar to the floor. Thus, two-thirds of the way through the spin, the kicker has already lost momentum and his chances of connecting with a fully extended leg are diminished. Instead of swinging the leg around in a long, horizontal arc, the kicker is forced to snap the leg upward at an angie, thus losing much of the power “Also, the optimum spin for this technique is 180 degrees, from the point where you take off te the con rection with the target. Covering more of an angle (say 220 degrees}, demands that you jump higher, thus expending energy and power uoward instead of toward the target. Cover- ing less than 180 degrees results in a shorter arc and less distance for momentum to build, “A third common mistake is a lack of attention to the angle of the torso, which should be, ideally, as straight as possible. There should bea slight angle away from the op- ponent, although leaning into the kick or laying too far back will result ia significant power loss,” ex- plained Cho. “An interesting sidelight to this discussion is that by breaking down the jump spinning backkick into distinct, clear-cut and separate ‘oloments, many students will tond to think in terms of executing the kick in sections. This is probably the biggest (and most common) mistake yet, because the real value of the Technique is derived from its fluid motion. The jump, the spin and kick are not three separate moves, but rather increments of a single flow ing motion, “Again, these are common prob- lems. Many good fighters will never be able to perform the kick prop: erly—not because they aren't agile or coordinated or flexible—but because the technique doesn't fit their fighting style. It's not for everybody and it shouldn't be assumed that it's going to work for you just because it works woll for me. ““But," concluded Cho, “don't make the mistake of discounting the jump spinning backkick as nothing ‘more than another ineffectual, flashy tae kwon do tournament tech: nique. You might be setting yourself up for a well-placed heel to the rib cage.” ™SWIVEL CHAIN NUNCHAKU w2. <> a aN Ae a ee Rod Br em fearless ahs SAS ahs pated Th DN 4 * NOS \otaas nepa—Se A be 4 —a a = The softest thing in the universe Overcomes the hardest thing in the universe That without substance can enter where there is no room. Hence I know the value of non- action. Teaching with words and work without doing Are understood by very few. Lao Tze medical importance. ‘tor the beginning of the Christian era, a new branch of the School of Hygiene developed which was an off- shoot of the main body of thought. Followers of this new emphasis believed that the human body nad three vital centers: One in the head, ‘one in the chest, and the other in the. abdomen. These were called the Fields of Cinnabar(tan tien). The body was also believed to be inhabited by 36,000 gods which had to be kept in: side to maintain health. There were also three worms, one in each Field of Cinnabar, which’ caused lines, old age, and death Believers avoided wine and meat because the interior gods did not like the smell and might leave the body. They also abstained from grains, a practice already current among Neo- Taoists, because the worms fed on cereals. Solid food was also avoided because it caused excrement to form in the booy, and excrement inhibited the circulation of the ch'l. Gymnastics were practiced to clear the paths of circulation so that “embryonic respira- tion” could take place. This was thought of as breathing like an unborn. child. It was attained by holding the breath for as long as possible. If the breath could be held for as long as 1,000 heartbeats, the practitioner was. thought to be approaching immort ty, The breath was not just held but was seen as being carried into the Lower Field of Cinnabar and on down to the soles of the feet, up the spine to the brain, and then back to the throat. This circulation of the vital breath was, considered necessary to provent dis ease and attain immortality. The vital breath, when properly ‘manipulated, would’ also unite with ‘semen, which was conserved through sexual techniques, to form a “mys: terious embryo.” This embryo, nourished on breath, developed into a ‘new body inside the old one. When the ‘adept died, the new body was released and immortality achieved. The theory of the three vital centers and the cir- culation of the breath remained impor- tant in Taoist through even after the decline of this branch of the School of Hygiene ” (To be continued.) ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Sandra L. 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Bodhidharma, who journeyed from his native India to China in the sixth century, developed a system of \weaponiess fighting that the world today knows as the mar- tial arts. He utilized many of those instinctive reflex actions and reactions he had observed in creatures into a spiritual, physical and mental discipline. His followers became so adept at those practices that they were virtually immune to the lawlessness of the times. Their fame lives on today. Veiled in secrecy, the Shaolin monks often disguised and distilled the practice of their fighting movements into whet became an essence of the art. They called that essence kuen, and we know it today as pumse (in Korean styles) or by the more common Japanese term, kata Kata today is practiced in many dojo with a reverence ‘and diligence that does honor to those monks of more than a thousand years ago. One can still see the swoop of the eagle, the pounce of the big cat in the ritualized choreog- raphy of traditional kata, Ina confrontation, the wolf stands firm. The obvious self- assurance can be felt as well as seen. The martial artist who acquires the self-confidence and fearlessness o! the wolf ‘can often avoid physical combat simply because the ag- ‘gressor realizes, without knowing why, that this person is better left alone. This power is projected in kata, and grows through practice. Other lessons learned from animals and incorporated into kata are varied. Some are obvious, some quite subtle. Control of the breath is natural for nature’s creatures, but humans must learn to do it properly for maximum effect. Cats on the prow save their energy for the moment of truth. Inhale in preparation, exhale on the strike. All moves come from a low center of gravity for more stability and power. Total relaxation gives cats, and people, instantaneous power. Tense muscles cost the fighter valuable moments if they must first be relaxed and then put into action. These facets and more are integral parts of martial arts forms. Countless repetitions instil the movements into “muscle memory"—in which reactions are programmed and no longer reply on the intellect to instigate them. Reflexes ‘come instantly. Awareness is heightened to something similar to that mysterious sixth sense animals possess, Tai chi chuan is one martial art that has many postures named for the creatures that inspired them s0 long ago. ‘Grasp the swallow’s tai,” “repulse the monkey"—the eagle, the horse, even the snake have moves bearing their names. Tho art itself is essentially continuous kata, with each set of movements flowing, dancesike, in slow motion, ‘seemingly without effort. Yet this too is a practice based on imaginary combat, as are the more vigorous martial arts styles. ‘Kung fu is well Known for its use of movements imitative of animals. The old masters created specific exercises to make use of those moves. Imitation of the leopard is in an exercise to increase strength and power. The crane ex cises stress balance and foot agility. The dragon represents spirit and grace, while the snake contributes to the growth of ki, or inner power. The tiger is represented by moves designed to exercise the bones. Even an insect, the praying mantis, was observed. Wong Long devised a system in- spired by the mantis, and it was taught as the most ad- vanced level at the Shaolin monastery. Exponents of shorinjiryu, gojoryu and shotokan karate, in particular, place enormous emphasis on the mastery of aforms. They believe that without that foundation, one can go to the physical limits only. Perfection of kata opens thedoor to spiritual awareness and complete control of the body, which is the true and ultimate goal of the martial artist. Terry Dunphy is an example of the instructors who follow jonal concepts. A teacher of shorinjiryu karate, he dnilis all his students thoroughly in forms along with fighting techniques. “To seek satori, enlightenment, through kata is something considerably more than mere self-defense and prowess in streetfighting,” Dunphy said. He spoke of old masters who originated the forms he teaches today. He pointed out that Gichin Funakoshi was ‘80 adamant in his insistance of kata practice that he would walk out of the dojo if he happened to catch students in- dulging in free fighting. Gogen Yamaguchi, known as “the cat” because of his extraordinary feline grace and agility is another great martial artist who continually stressed the im- portance of forms. Dunphy continues his personal training with a present: day master, Richard Kim. Kim holds many advanced de- ‘grees in the martial arts, and he insists on kata mastery fromhis students. Kim believes kata is theultimate battle— that of man against himselt. “Mr. Kim told us that a sparring partner may force you in to action, but he who conquers himself is the greatest war- Dunphy explained. He went on to say that “to give 100 percent of yourself in kata is the most difficult thing of all for there is no one to push you. The only real knowledge is solf-knowledge—no one can do that for you, 60 the ultimate struggle is always with yourself.” ‘There are many other instructors today who also follow the masters’ examples, knowing that sparring alone cannot produce the speed, technique, strength and beauty that Terry Dumphy performs “tying swallo from shotokan karate (above, left 0 right). ‘Anthony Chan concludes a musical kung fuform (lett) as two goju stylists perform a two-man Okinawan kata (far left). ‘comes from “meditation in action.” The traditionalists know that the fighting ability will come automatically once the foundation is laid. The kata mastery brings self-awareness, which makes self-defense intrinsic. Learning self-defense alone will not give one self-awareness. “The original kata were created by masters who had reached a state of enlightenment, so it follows that perfect repetition will tune the student into that master’s original vibrations, and he will become one with the master,” Dunphy explained. It is the repetition and continual reach for perfection that, kata demands that makes it so valuable, Dunphy pointed out. “Students discover their attitudes and outlook have altered for the better in their everyday lives, not just in solf- defense situations. All problems ere more easily handled because of martial arts training, The kata are the heart of it, but the end result is not the only thing of value—benefits ‘come all along the way.” ‘Concentration on forms brings better balance and timing to the basics as well, Practice of basic blocks, kicks, and punches has the student moving forward and back, forward ‘and back—kata teaches the student to relate to all direc: tions at once. You learn to "see" those four or five attackers, coming from all sides, and can react effectively with light ning speed. That ability is transferred to a real-life situation when it is needed. Dunphy said that “without the develop- ment of the inner factors, you remain on a purely physical level, and are at a real disadvantage when facing an oppo- nent who has control of the mind, body and spirit.” The kiai is another element found in kata that can bo traced to animals and birds. The earth-shaking roar of a lion is an example of how effective as a sound can be. A dy- namic shout, powered out from the lower diaphragm, can distract the attacker, stunning him and focusing your own1/8 power as you strike. It comes at a moment of maximum ten: sion for the fighter, as it does for the lion. Ancient practi- tioners of kiaijutst were said to be able to kill with a shout—ihe ultimate weapon for a weaponless warrior. The introduction of musical accompaniment and. in. dividual creativity is a recent development in kata competi- tion and demonstration. What the Shaolin monks would think of the acrobatic razz-amatazz displayed by George Chung, Eric Lee and others will never be known. The fact is, Westerners have a way of taking a centuries.old practice andaltering it to suit the times. What results is certainly not traditional kata, but @ crowdpleasing, show-stopping routine. ‘Swathed in satin, complete with strobe lights and rock n° roll, Eric Lee is a kata celebrity. After winning just about everything in sight in competition, Lee has decided to con- centrate on films and demonstrations. Despite the star im. ‘age, Lee said that he too believes in adherence to tradition “I Tike to preserve the original purity of the forms ... be- cause that’s what people come to see. It’s like an antique of the martial arts. It maintains @ certain vaiue. Just like classical and modern balle!—I think it's good to know both.” (BLACK BELT—dJuly '80) George Chung is considered the number one kata com- petitor in the country—(depending on which list you read). A controversial innovator who believes “music is a trend, not a fad.” Chung has improvised his kata to include things like walkovers and cartwheels, but said, “I consider the true traditional value of the form. Form helps you develop good basics, for which there is no substitute—before you can learn a wheel kick you have to learn a side kick.” (KARATE ILLUSTRATED—October '80) ones on cane 29 FIRST INTERNATIONAL KARATE OPEN TOURNAMENT ACAPULCO, MEXICO April 10, 11 & 12, 1981 Acapulco Convention Center ‘Tournament inscription fos US, $86.00 peer person, including: Gsia Awarde Dinner Dance Avaliable hotel package rates per person: SINGLE DOUBLE TRIPLE ECONOMICAL Rorrano’s fe Club $143.00 $101.00 $91.00 Villa Los Arcos 150.00 12200 © 105.00 SUPERIOR 5 Twin Towers 18200 13100 111.00 ‘Acapulco Tower 208.00 © 14000 127.00 DE LUXE La Palapa 21800 14800 190.00 Plaza Intarnacional 2a700 = 18800 197.00 Extra nights available on request Package includes three nights hotel accommodation, three American breakfasts. roundirip transfers (aitpori hotelairport), tips to bellboys, chambermalds and waiters (for Breakfast), ‘Send check o! money erder for tournament entry and hte! pacaage to: Turismo Caleta, S.A. 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Some consider it to be a mystical force that can be controlled by the mind, others reduce it to nothing more than a physical force similar to momentum, Others do not 46 believe it exists at al. ‘And there are those who believe that the concept of ki, although real, has been distorted by those who would mystify the arts. Aikido is one art that has proponents who make much of ki, and that, according to one marial artist of 30 years experience, is not an entirely positive contribution. “To say one must master ki in order to understand aikido—that is.incor rect. Ki must be looked at in terms of the Japanese word ki, asin the expres- sion kiga a0, which means “our feel- ings are compatible.” Aikido is a way of fitting in with a teeting—tne feeling of your opponent's force. The matter of ki has been used over the years explain aikido, perhaps incorrect said Tom Makiyama. ‘Those are strong words, but Maki- yama is not just talking off the top of his head. His experience in the martial this stunt work. I's easy 10 push a seated person over, but it becomes impossible if the arms are braced against the elbows of the pushing student—try it. arts spans 30 years, and he wrote ‘what is said to be the first English- language volume dealing with aikido in the late 1950s. He has lived in Japan since the U.S. occupation after World War Il, learning the Japanese lan- guage and way of thinking. Born in Hawall, the maverick Makiyama has also served as an agent for a number of law enforcement agencies, is said to be credited with forming the first ‘overseas branch of the aikido yoshin- kan in the 1950s, and has contributed several authoritative artic! BLACK BELT in past decades.Makiyama’s 30-year perspective of the martial arts in general and on aikido in particular provides a rare view of the overall development of the martial aris. When It comes to aikido, Makiyama does not like all of what he sees. “What | am doing, hopefully, is ex Plaining aikido in a rational manner. ‘There is nothing mysterious about it— you train at it, using my three rules of training,” he said. Asked to confide his three training rules, Makiyama replied “Practice; more practice; and still ‘more practice.” To Makiyama, sikido would benefit from a less mystical, more rational ap- proach—to him, mastery is more a matter of continuing hard work phys- ically, rather than any development of the allegedly mental power of ki. He particularly objects to certain stunts associated with aikido that are often presented as examples of "ki power.” “I say that ki does exist. But when: ever watch demonstrations of the un- liftable body, the unbendable arm, the body that can't be pushed over—I think that if that's the way they want to do it, | guess that’s all right. But it certainly doven't prove you have to master some deep mysterious thing to do it can duplicate these stunts, but | have not been trained in these type of things,” he said emphatically. Makiyama was asked during the in- terview to explain the unlifteble body stunt, and he stepped into an open area as he responded. “| completely tense myself and keep myself hard, stiff as a board, you ‘can see vory readily what is happening here," he said as his student lifted him with ease.” But if | tell him that | will be like a blob of kunyaku (a Japanese food which is soft and rubbery), he ‘Against an all-out charging attack (lett) Matiyama waits, then shifts slightly for- ward and to the side, catching his at- tacker with a damaging forearm across the throat. ‘cannot lift me no matter how much he tries. As he tries to lift, my body is shifting toward him. So what he is ao- tually doing is trying to lift himself. Or, if move to the left or right, how can get his balance? That would not help hhim at all, but if I'm stiff he can lft mo. It’s nothing mysterious. “They say it's ki; I say it's just physics. My center of gravity is steady, and my coordination is pat—that’s why I can do it,” he said. Makiyama does not deny that ki ex- ists, but he objects to the presentation of strictly physical stunts as the manifestations of ki. Another com- monly demonstrated stunt is the situa- tion in which 2 student attempts to push over a seated aikido instructor. No matter how hard he tries, ne is tunable to do so—or so it would seem. “Duting such exhibitions you will find the hands (of the instructor) underneath the elbows (of the student)” he explained. “What he's doing is pushing out, s0 the seated person is being driven info the mat rather than straight backward, so the position of tha seated parson be- comes very secure. It looks like he's going to be pushed over, but the seated person is actually directing the force downward,” he sald. Makiyama ‘was kind enough to show an untrained Person how the stunt worked, and sure enough, they were able to make it work as well It is not that Makiyama denies the existence of ki of its role in aikido. “If ki Is defined as a mere feeling, | would say that it is involved in aikido,” heTo escape from a front choke, Makiyama brings the right arm over the attacker's: leit (2), then reaches upward to break the ‘grip (3. With his opponent unbalanced, ‘Makiyama can finish using a throw with a ‘minimum of effort said. “Ki ie there—it exists in every: thing, including karate and judo—but it’s positive or negative fealing. It's a feoling of knowing what exists. Call it confidence if you want, or mental dis cipline. To Makiyama, proper technique and continual practice are what makes a great aikido practitioner, not any application of theoretical mental powers, And it is the emphasis on these mental aspects that he believes is a disservice to the art of aikido. “| tty to explain aikido in a rational way, he said, ‘As an American living in Japan, Makiyama is in a unique position to observe both cultures, and he thinks there has been somewhat of a culture gap between the homeland of aikido— Japan—and the American point of view. This may have affected the evolution of aikido, “| know the problems connected with aikido over the years,” he said. I think there is @ problem between the soft school and the hard school. In the hard school, the art has become very, very hard. But they consider it prac: tical. | also consider it practical, but nevertheless, over the years | have seen the art evolve into something where force is used quite a bit.” A Brief History of Aikido, its Development and Movement ‘Throughout the Western World, and a Possible Solution to the Growing Pains of the Art. by Thomas H. Makiyama FounderiChiet Instructor Keijutsukai Aikido was first introduced in the US. during the early 50s, initially through Hawaii anc California, The public was duly impressed with the Spectacular locks and throws ex: ecuted by expert instructors from Japan during local demonstra- tions—techniques which involved lit. tle or no apparent effort. For a fow years aikido schools did very well, with even other arts introducing the subject along with their own. ‘A full 30 years will have soon lapsed since aikido made its initial debut in the U.S, (European countries have followed a similar U.S, growth pattern, but on a lesser scale.) How- ever, instead of the expected firm establishment of the sikido move- ment, the opposite situation exists; schools still operate, of course, but little or no publicity surrounds their activity What are some of the main rea- sons for the stagnate condition of foreign aikido? There are several problems—inherent, internal strife and technical considerations. which have cropped up over the years within the groups. Aikido’s Background ‘The majority of the serious stu- denis of aikido are familiar with the background of aikido or at least some versions of it, depending upon the person who may have related the story to them. The generally ac- ‘cepted account credits an unknown samurai retainer, probably an ac- ‘complished master of the sword and jujitsu who belonged to the Shinra- Saburo-YoshimitsuMinamoto clan some 900 years ago, as the orig: inator of the art of daitoryu aiki-iutsu. The art was traditionally taught ‘only to @ select group of the upper nobility, and kept completely secret and separate from the usual martial arts training undertaken by the Samurai class. This was not con- sidered to be an unusual practice, 19 that indiscriminate assassinations were somewhat com- monplace during that turbulent period. It was imperative that certain key individuals of the nobility be pro- tected from physical harm—whether oF not official protection was pro- vided in terms of bodyguards. It should be mentioned, incidentally, that the forerunner of aikido— daitoryu—encompassed a number of different, but related, defensive techniques. Many of the present aikido systems utilize a basic sword ‘or fencing stance in some form throughout the execution of tech- niques; an accomplished aikidoist is also adept with sword movements on ‘@ general scale, The art, after being retained by the Minamoto clan for some 200 years, |was passed onto the clan of Shingen ‘Takeda, another prominent historical figure and ruler of Koshu (Yamanashi prefecture), The art has been in the possession of the Takeda descend- ‘ants up to the present, and is now known as the Takedaryu. It is central ized on the northem island of Hok- kaido. The late Master, Morinel Uy shiva, an accomplished swordsman fof the yagyu shin kageryu form, undertook studies into the tech- niques of daitoryy under the per ‘sonal tutelage of Sokaku Takeda—at the time the legitimate successor of the daitoryu systom. Uyashiba prov. ‘ed to be an apt student who quickly mastered the secrets of the difficult art. Upon completion of his studies some years later, Uyeshiba was of the belief that he would be permitted to become the successor of daitoryu. However, that was not the case, and he left to teach on his own, renaming the system aikido (a rough tans: lation of which is, “the way to men- tally adjust or fit into—as with the movements cf an opponent”), LUyeshiba is further credited with the introduction and innovations found jn the modern version of aikido, much of which greatly improved upon the old daitoryu techniques. ‘Thus, the art as we know it is actual- ly less than 100 years old after being designated as aikido. tn following with the former prac: aeTo Makiyama, the hardstyle aikido perhaps_more jujitsu-like than aikido-like. Then there is the “soft school, ‘The soft school has more theoret: ical movements and theoretical at- tacks,” he said. “Both styles, inciden- tally, work in theory. But there is no way you can anticipate what some- body is going to do, and | think this has caused misconceptions about the tice, Uyeshiba did not attempt to ‘open large classes, preferring in- stead to teach on a limitod basis. Ac- ‘cording to several sources, some of the officers of the Kempeital (Jap: anese Military Police) were among the select few chosen to undertake aikido training under the personal supervision of Uyeshiba. Following the end of World War It aikido, along with many of the other arts such as judo and kendo, were automatically They followed the leader without question, and the student enrollments were gratifying.” banned by GHQ under the Occupa- tion of Japan because the arts were deemed too militaristic and too closely entrenched with the former military system. In time, however, these directives were rescinded— Possibly through the efforts of the Police authorities which included many judoka and kendoists—and the arts made a gradual revival. Master Uyeshiba was finally per- ‘suaded to open up aikido training tor the general public about that time. ‘Several of his students are still con- tinuing to teach aikido: His son Kishomaru follows in his footsteps. Another son, Gozo Shioda, is the top ar. Makiyama, who teaches in Japan, mixes Japanese students with Amer ican students in his dojo. He also mixes Japanese and American con cepts. have a mixed schoo|, but they are extremely compatible,” he said. “I'm very much interested in relating to my students as individuals. That's Amer ican—the Japanese way is not like protege of Uyeshiba and heads the wellknown Yoshinkan in Tokyo, The Uyeshiba and the Yoshinkan groups are the most prominent schools in Japan today, Several other lesser known small aikido schools are also in operation, the majority offshoots from the Uyeshiba school. Aikido's Growing Pains Many of us are aware of the fact that a cultural gap exists between the Japanese and foreigners in the field of business and personal rela. tionships. However, there is another little-known factor peculiar to the first_and second generation Jap- anese living in the U.S. Normally, Janguage (English) mastery is very oor for the average Japanese who may be visiting the U.S. for a limited time, especially in the oral end aural areas. This was more so back in the early 50s and 60s, and martial arts in- structors from Japan were no excep- tions to the general rule. The fi Generation Japanese greatly as: sisted in the task of interpreting and introducing the visiting instructor. In the case of aikido, itis a known fact that local judoka went out of their way to cooperate in the propagating of the new art by lending their active ‘Support and in some cases, their do: Jo. This was to be expected since judo dojo during that period were under the heavy influence of the older instructors—some who were trained in Japan during their younger ‘days. The first generation Japanese, that. Also, | don’t use tests, because | train and watch my students for many years—why would | need tests to tell me they deserve the next rung? | tell them they are not competing against each other (as in test situations), but only against themselves. ‘The Japanese are more of a follower type,” he continued, “but the Americans are all ‘why, why, why.’ The Japanese don't like to answer why, of course, were glad to help from the outset; a throwback to the days before they emigrated from Japan, 3 feeling of nostalgia. The Nisei (sec: ‘ond generation) could not fully understand the deep explanations in Japanese. However, they did their best to follow the techniques, though without being able to get answers to a number of questions. in other words, they followed the leader without question, and the student en rollments were gratifying. Indirectly, the visiting Japanese instructors were being badly spoiled; for many of them, being given the “red-carpet treatment” was a com: pletely new experience! Repeated Visits overseas only served to worsen the situation. An “unknown” in Japan became @ “celebrity!” The sad result was that the group who brought Japanese instructors over became disorganized after a hard: earned, successful start Petty jealousies have also con: tributed to the stunted aikido growth. Aside trom a few individuals, the aikido groups very seldom partic: ipate together in exhibitions. Over the years statements along the lines ‘of “we cannot endorse your group” were uttered when asked to pull together for the future growth of aikido regardless of the school or system. Derogatory remarks. have iso been directed at different schools and instructors. Under these types of circumstances, a concerted effort on a joint basis could not beist the classic street-braw! lapel- grabandpunch attack, Makiyama de- ects the punch (2) grips the hand and ex. ecutes a throw (4), before his attacker can ralease the lapel. which is where the problem comes in. At my place, the Japanese are learn- ing to be more aggressive, and | think that’s a good sign. | am trying to get the Japanese people and the foreign students to understand each other,” he added. Nevertheless, there are some dif- ficult situations that arise, often in connection with physical differences. “We have two six-foot-two students working with the shorter Japanese students. For them to do the direo- tional throw would be very awkward. | tell them that they have to get in and drop down on one knee, then drop down on the other knee and bring the first one up again, keoping the back straight. That way he can get low without destroying his balance. It's Not that aikido is not suited to big peo- ple; being good depends more upon studying the art and becoming adept at it,” he said. “Every art, including aikido, has its advantages and disad- vantages. | think the problem with aikido has been the lack of proper ex- planations conceming techniques. | allow for language and translation dif- ficulties, but that’s no excuse, be- cause we do have people who can translate.” Makiyama ascribes the apparent successfully organized over the years. Teaching and Leaming Techniques Although the varlous aikido sys- tems and schools do attompt to ox- ert maximum effons to standardize according fo the teachings of their respective Japan headquarters, it hhas in many instances proven to be extremely difficult io put into actual practice. There are several reasons for this dilemma. Aikido techniques involve literally a thousand or 20 dif ferent moves, locks, throws, and so ‘on, The number can very easily dou ble when counters and crosscoun- ters, including combinations, are taken into consideration. Obviously, it would be extremely difficult to master all of them—for anyone! most instances, the local instructors were trained only in certain tech: niques—techniques learned through the short visitations of a Japan in. structor. Their repertoire was ex: ‘tremely limited, to say the least. And it is a proven fact that abilities of a given dan holder of the lower grades will deteriorate in the event periodic refresher training is not undertaken on a regular basis. Secondly, the training of students resembles that of a carbon copy. Regardless of the ages and physical limitations, every: one is expected to duplicate the movements of the instructor, and they are limited to pattems ang theory. The “attacker” executes 2 hall-hearted, pre-arranged “strike” and the “defender” reacts following a given pattern! At the other end of the extreme, students are brain- washed into believing that a mysteri- ‘ous or mystic source of spiritual power lies at the root of aiki strength, and that the cited concentration must be mastered. Aikido techniques are for reall Aikido locks and throws are often painful ang dangerous! Aikido is ef fective! These points should be em- phasized to an audience with e amples and explanations—not with trickclike exhibitions. It is also high time that foreign aikido should be considered different and not merely a copy of something out of the East. ‘The foreign student is completely dit ferent from his counterpart in Japan, from the standpoint of culture, ap- proach to aikido, and his ultimate ob- Jectives. The Japanese headquarters should not, nor be expected to, un- dorstand the difficulties encountered by local foreign schools of aikido. There are a number of sincere and dedicated foreign instructors in aikido. They should band together for a common cause for the propogation of aikido in their respective countries by helping one another—oniy ligison contact should be maintained with the Japanese end. Aikido, since it is prevented trom having competitions such a8 those found in the other popularly ac- opted sporting activities, is at @dis- advantage. But future exhibitions should stress the reasons as to why aikido is not a sporting event, there- bby offsetting existing misconcep- tions concerning the art. Training ‘must be on a realistic basis instead of the past and present theoretic ap- proach. Aikido Is a selfdefensive art—not pattems and trickery! The Koljutsukai The Keljutsukai is the culmination of the writer's total experience in the arts, including aikido. it was official- ly organized in February of 1980, al- though actual training of students started in January of 1979. It is not the intent of the Keijutsukai to be known as merely another aikido sys- tem, for it was established with a much deeper purpose: 1) The gen- ‘oral, unsatisfactory results of foreign aikido after almost 30 years. 2) The somewhat nonchalant attitudes of the Japanese (aikido groups) toward the foreign visiting student and his problems at the branches. 3) The fierce loyalty of the foreign students toward their Japanese headquarters; ‘a loyalty not fully appreciated nor reciprocated. 4) The “spoiling” of Japanese instructors over the years. 5) The betrayal of certain Japanese instructors which resulted in a highly demoralizing situation at the branches concerned. 6) The taking advantage of the branches and students by the Japanese schools for their own personal or business purposes. 7) To improve and update aikido training more to the liking of foreign students, while retaining the 303 lack of popular appeal of aikido to a umber of things, including the past politics between the various factions within the art. For those readers in- terested in the details from Makiyama's point of view, we have in- cluded his history and analysis of the situation along with his suggestions for improvement in a separate story accomparying this article. He admits his point of view is colored by his own principles and concepts of the orig- other words, a complet ‘an action for which the writer is willing to accept full respon- sibility, right or wrong. 8} To develop full rapport with all recognized arts, and not limited only to aikido. 9) To produce the best possible well- Founded student in aikido who will continue to maintain high standards. Basically, Keljutsukal aikido denotes a new approach in the teaching and learning of aikido by students (foreign and Japanese). Techniques beyond the basics are geared to be of practical value, and taining heavily emphasizes actual but realistically simulated attacks land defenses. Lest the reader be led, tho principles of aikido have not been tampered with. Punches, for example, closely approximate an actual situation in which one is grasped by the lapel, with a well- directed punch directed at the face ‘or upper body. This type of practice, of course, is undertaken only after the student has developed the re- quited mastery and confidence. He is later expected to defend himselt from simultaneous attacks by more than a single individual; simulated knives, cluts and swords are also part of the training in unarmed defenses. ‘Aside from the new concept of training, the Keljutsukai encourages @ much more important project— that of successfully conducting @ mixed class of foreigners and native personal feelings, but he denies that he is motivated by any desire to med- dle with other people's ways of doing things. “It’s true that I'm trying to get peo- ple who have quit aikido to set them straight and hopefully, get thom back into it. Whether it’s our school or somebody else's, schoo! doesn’t mat tor. Id like to help improve standards of training in all the schools, nm Japanese. Students are not rt stricted in any way due to nationality fr occupation, They are taught that all students are equal, once they step onto the mats—the only excep- tion being that the sempai or kohai (upper and lower classmen) cour- tesies are strictly adhered to. Kejjuteukal aikido techniques also differ considerably in practical use, unlike methods utiized at the soft and hard schools of aikido, ‘which are the two main types found today. The cited designations have been attributed to different sources; however, they were actually coined by this writer during the later 50s to differentiate aikido systems. Under the Keijutsukai aikido method, var- ious combinations and counters at progressively taught to students, always considering the physical and psychological limitations of the in- dividual undergoing training. Every student will present different prob- ems to be corrected over a period of time. For the information of the in- terested reader, the term KEWU- TSUKAI is based upon the Japanese kanji characters denoting Police! Security Techniques Associa tionGroup. Further information concerning the Keljutsukai may be obtained by contacting the writer at: Keljutsukal Aikido, (Thomas H. Makiyama) c/o Tokyo American Glub; Recreation Of- ice, 1-2, Azebudai, 2Chome, Minato- Ku, Tokyo 108, Japan. ” THROWING KNIFE KNIFE AND CASE. BOOK. TOTAL. Not sold where prohibited by law Karate Chop Ine 779 East 7th Street St, Paul, Minnesota 55106 earn POLICE SCIENCES CORA aun ay ta me revarion Sag andiakig the words ete: i ‘ene ns. The egret urs paeerabec armas oF 2” exyars Siow You Wa 10 De, Howto oe Every ipo te ie Science inntuie, Bop vant [aia trp a Ven oe “by Timothy Hosey A Yori (high-ranking samurei policeman) in a battle garb, armed with a sode- garami. t was early on a summer evening in the busy city of Edo. @ was a crowd walking and sight-seeing along the street. No one paid any attention to the drunk samurai who was staggering as he walked until someone accidentially bumped him. With a yell, his long sword whipped out fro his belt and in an instant two people were dead in the street. The crowd began to scream and scatter as the enraged samurai turned and looked for more victims. Within minutes a squad of samurai policemen swarmed around the drunken killer in an attempt to capture him. In these later days of the Tokugawa Shogunate, it was no longer permissable for a samurai to kill a commoner. Several of the police officers were carrying ladders. They boxed the samurai in and started pushing him back toward wall. Another officer reached out with a long pole covered with hooks and barbs, He caught the samurai’s kimono and pulled him off balance. The killer swung and stabbed at his attackers, but they The manriti-gusari—a versatile weapon avoided his blade. A fourth policeman suddenly lashed ou! which could be swung, thrown, or wrap: with a chain that entangled the samurai's hands. The Bae OE ORS TOdrunken warrior made one last swing, but still another of- ficer jumped forward and caught the sword with a forked, metal wand, and forced the blade towards the ground. Scon, they had the killer tied up and were leading him off to jail, ‘Once again, the samurai police had done their job. They had caught a criminal without injuring him or themselves. In the days before all of Japan was under one ruler (he 11th to 17th centuries), the main criminal of the country was the bandit, who lived and fought in large units. They preyed on highway travelers and if their group was large enough, they even terrorized and captured whole villages. ‘The criminal population of the country was also madeup of armies of pirates (wako) who attacked coastal areas, rob- bers, low-class gangs and some town criminals, To deal with these violent elements of their society, and tomaintain law and order in the areas they controlled, each samurai clan had its own police force that operated within a specific district. These units were like military police. They watched over the samurai, commoners and travelers in their area and dealt with all crimes within their territory. To free warriors for other duties (ike wars), often a istrict or village would field its own police force. These units were composed of commoners or hired samurai ‘Over the years, there was a general move throughout the Provinces to try and build the idea of collective responsibili- ty. Each clase (camurai, farmers, artisans and merchants) was encouraged to organize, train, equip and field thelr own police forces. These police units garrisoned areas and fought the bandits as if they were an enemy army and they fought with the traditional weapons of swords, spears and bows, During the Tokugawa Era (1600 to 1868) the land was Under the rule of one lord, the Shogun, As the artisan and merchant classes became more powerful, people began to flock to the cities looking for jobs. Japan began to leave the feudal age and started into the capitalist era, These changes croatod tho decline of the country bandit and the rise of the city criminal. Because they led a very harsh life, city criminals were often very skilled in the martial arts, ‘They were frequently hired by merchants, gang bosses and mob leaders as bodyguards because of their skill City criminals were very determined as streettignters be- cause they had complete contempt for the police and be- cause of the harshness of punishment if they were cap- tured. There was no such thing as imprisonment for acrime, ‘The punishment was usually death, When a criminal was finally comered, he was usually taken only after a very costly and bloody fight, [As a despotic government, the Shogunate's primary con- cern was to maintain the status quo. Leaders worked very hard to organize and control the people. The cities were ‘even built with numerous waterways so the people would have to constantly cross over bridges equipped with check- points. By 1630, the Edo (old Tokyo) city police were highly organized, and the system used for their organization soon spread across the county. The government of the Shogun, of course, ruled over all organizations. One branch of the Shogunate was the Me- tsuke, or “Censors.” They headed the intelligence units and secret police forces of the nation, and were known 10 use ninja as their henchmen. All police organizations in the country reported to the Metsuke. Under tho Consors in the chain of command came the Machi-bugyo, or “Town Magistrates." There was usually two magistrates for each area or town so they could check up on‘Statuettes depicting a group of samural police, tional weapons, subduing each other. Each would be on duty a month and off a month. ‘They functioned as the chief of police, mayor and judge of their district. The Mach-bugyo were in charge of all police matters, civil disputes and travel passes. They had the equivalent rank of a low Daimyo, or "warlord." Next in line of command in the nation’s police forces were the Yoriki, or “guards.” There were 25 of them for each magistrate. They were apprenticed at their jobs at age 13, ‘and many of the Yoriki positions were hereditary. They yave the government a permanent cadre of police officers that st The jitte, a type of forked wand, was primarily used to parry and catch an enemy's sword. were experienced and knowledgeable. The York lived in the same quarters which were really no ‘more than barracks. They were never promoted. They were a very tight group among themselves because they were not allowed tomix with the commoners or their superiors. Yo were known for being very proud of their appearance. They always dressed very neatly and carried two swords. Their Uniform was the beggy pants called a hakama, and a three- quarter length kimono-shaped coat called 8 haori Under the Yoriki came the Doshin, which meant “companions.” There were about 120’ of these per magistrate. They were a lower grade samurai than the Yoriki and their jobs were also hereditary. The Doshin were the lonest grade of official police of- ficers that patrolled the street. They carried the forked wand and the jitte as a symbol of their authority and were similar to the uniformed policemen of today who walk a beat. Below the Doshin in the police hierarchy were several grades of unofficial peace officers. The highest was called the Okappiki, or “patrolmen.” The Okappiki were local townsfolk who also carried the jitte as the sign of their job. They did most of the leg work for the Doshin, and they were the eyes and ears of the police among the common people. Frequently, the Okappiki hired other assistants from the ‘commoners to help them. These were called Tesaki which meant “assistant.” The main jobs of the Tesaki were to man, checkpoints in an area, and do guard duty. ‘The bottom of the police totem pole was occupied by the Eta, or “outcastes.” They were all from the class of Japanese that were considered unclean ‘or religious reasons iucoeeaern ae Police Forces of Old Japan SHOGUNATE (The government which was a military dictator- er ie ety eareite rie caon ios tact tie ee y that controlled the secret police.) suis Cres alleles voyaad ace Suave Tnepueai tian sites erat ie Fonda 2 ethics cent Sno vate rt et pon DOAN (The Corben ny war ct atau Se aan i te chet ese rae. cPaccins the nos oeages ed yr Sea ed ioas te gw tte Dont TEGAN Cmts‘ of concn nk We y were hired to do minor jobs for the Okappiki.) ETA (“Outcastes,” they were the lowest of Japanese Coe weica a see tea sais tae mascismmon mea erdepeeeenee. moter coun)because they were somehow connected with death and blood, It was the Eta in Japan that did the jobs like slaugh- tering animals and making leather goods, such as armor. Eta were hired to serve as prison guards, guards at public parades and as executioners. They were often given the job of arresting and killing low-class criminals, The police of old Japan were organized so that the higher-rarking police were only involved in arrests if the criminals were of high social rank, or were skilled in the martial arts. When a criminal was chased and finally ap- rehended, it was usually by a group of policemen com- posed of Eta, Tesaki and Okappiki with maybe a Doshin ‘commanding the group. A crime had to be very serious for a Yoriki to be involved, When a Yoriki was on a case, he wore chain mail under his kimono, with armor on his hands and arms, and a flat, lac quered, iron-plated helmet on his head. He would sit on horseback a safe distance away trom a tight and direct the lower policemen. Then, when an opening presented itself, he would ride in and wound the criminal with his lance. The first principle that all police officers had to obey was, to take a criminal alive. The Metsuke wanted to question all criminals, and the Shogunate wanted all criminals to con- feo9 their crimes (even if it took a little torture) before they were punished. It was also unacceptable for a police officer to kill or seriously hurt a criminal who was of higher social rank. This limitation made it very hard for the police to do their job. To meet this problem, the police of old Japan began to develop special weapons that would allow them to protect themselves from criminals (who were skilled martial artists), while they were being captured. The new weapons that the police developed were the jitte, the sode-garam/ (spiked pole) and the weighted chain known as the manrikigusari. The jitte was essentially an iron or steel rod with a long hilt at one end anc a square hook sticking cut where the rod meets the hilt (see illustration). Some experts think that the jitte was a derivation of the sai, which came from Okinawa twas carried by a policeman in the sash, or hanging from the belt. It could also be carried by a cord that tied to the wrist from a ring on the end of the jitte’s hilt. It was used to parry and catch an enemy's sword. After blocking, its user Could counterstrike to the eyes, throat or lower abdomen, Sometimes the hilt was used as a striking surface. And oc: casionally, the weapon was thrown, ‘The sode-garami was simply a long pole with hooks and, barbs on the end. Its purpose was to hook and entangle the sleeves and pants legs of an opponent while keeping away from his sword. Training with the sode-aarami was like the spear or naginata (halberd). Sometimes it looked like a very long-handled jitte and was used in a similar manner. ‘The manriki-gusari was a chain that varied in length from. two to three feet with weights on each end. It was used to twist around an opponent's arms and legs to immobilize him. It could also be held taut to block and often used to choke an opponent. It could be swung so that its weights could strike out at an enemy, or it could be thrown like a bolo. ‘The Japanese police also spent a lot of time training in unarmed fighting techniques as well as secondary tactics like how to box in a criminal with ladders and how to tie him up properly once he was subduek The police of old Japan constantly searched for in- novative techniques and weapons and many historians tee! that some of the greatest martial artists of all time might have been samurai police. ” For afree 16 page cat- alog please send your name, address and tele- phone number...also name, address and telephone number of school or club where you teach or manage California S&P, Inc. 300 Swit Ave, #26 So, San Francisco, CA 94080 415-588-2508 800-227-1053 Watch For Karate Illustrated Yearbook Coming This Summer! Martial Arts wAspen Join Us This SUMMER OF "81 — Our 9th YEAR On Top Of The Rockies an, China, Korea and the Philippines. College Accreditation Available. ‘Special Clases in Healing Arts, Wilderness Experience, Iyengar Yoga, Shukubachi Flute and much more, ‘Write to: THE ASPEN ACADEMY Department B Box 1939, Aspen, Colorado 81612 We will mail our brochure and registration materials. For immediate information, please Telephone (303) 925-5404 8What made the 5th WUKO World Championships different from the previous four was that it produced an ‘American gold medalist and world champion for the very first time. Tokey Hill, fighting in the 7580-ilo- ‘gram division, captured first place de- spite serious injuries, making him tho first American to ever take home gold in this biannual intemational event. Over 50 countries sent teams to com- pete in the huge Sports Palace of Madrid from November 23rd through the 30th of last year, making it the largest competition to date. This World Championships also in- cluded another first—women’s kata Ccompetition—and its success at the World Championships opened the way for WUKO to introduce women’s spat ring, with three divisions, at the next World Championships in Stuttgart, West Germany, in 1982. ‘The Spanish tear, spurred on by a passionate and obviously partisan home crowd, took first, dethroning the reigning World Champion Dutch team, The U.S. team did not fare as well overall as its gold medalist, coming in sixth, but did also take ‘silver and bronze medals on the efforts of Billy Blanks in the openweight division and in the 80-kilogram and over division, Unfortunately, the U.S. also saw its chance for @ medal in women's kata get shot down on a protest by the Spanish and Japanese coaches. The two coaches questioned the velidity of American team-member Kathy Baxter's kata in the second round of competition. They contended that the last tivo moves of her kata turned what was supposed to be bassa/ dai into ‘an offshoot kata that they called tamari bessai, thus disqualifying her from the competition. Ms. Baxter, when questioned by the judges, re- ‘sponded that as a shorinryu Okinawan stylist, she performed the shorinryy version of bassai dai, not another kata, thus complying with tne rules of the tournament. (WUKO «ules list 16 kata from which competitors must choose when performing in the sec- ‘ond round, and tamari bassai was not one of them) The judges ruled ‘against Baxter, however, and she was Prevented from going into the third and final round of kata competition and an automatic medal. As a result, first and second place were taken by Japanese women, while third place was shared by Spain and Italy. In the men’s kata, the U.S. failed to produce any medals, as ite two kata ‘competitors were unable to make it 56 3 3 1 3 i THE Sth WUKO ‘out of the first round of competition. The decision concerning Ms. Baxter's kata had to share the spotlight with several other controversies that occur. red both before and during the com petition. ‘The first such incident took place on Thursday, the tournament's open- ing day, just before team competition was about to begin. The head of the In- dian delegation handed a letter to WUKO officials from tho Indian Em- bassy in Spain that said the Indian team would not be allowed to compete If Israel were allowed to do so. At that point the WUKO World Congress told the Indian delegation that it would be unfortunate if they could not take part in the World Championships, but that ‘member in good standing with WUKO, was det- by Gary Goldstein initely allowed to compete. Israel then proceeded to participate in the com- petition, white India did not. Nevertheless, Israel's three fighters went down to defeat against the ‘Spanish team in the vary first round, which also saw America pitted against Austria. When the matches were announced to begin, however, ‘Austria for some reason didn't show Up, 80 the U.S. won the first round by default. Tho second round had the US. fight against Finland, whose young, well-trained fighters gave the U.S. men as good as they got, even as they went down to defeat. In fact, it seemed that only the depth and experience of the American team provided the winning edge against their strong, energetic Scandinavian opponents. Everyone there was so impressed by the caliberTokey Hill of Onio earned America’s tirst {gold medal in the 75 to 80 kilogram weight ‘airision. WORLD and Alex Sternberg Of the Finnish team that an American official was hear to remark that as the Finns continue to grow and mature with more training and international ‘experience, they will undoubtedly turn into a major power in European com- petition and possibly become World Champions. Here, nowever, Tokey Hill, Billy Blanks and Kenny Ferguson won their matches against Finland and took the US. into the third round against Japan where a draw in matches be- tween the two countries was decided In Japan's favor by tallying the win- ning points of each side. ‘The next day, the men’s lightweight divisions and men’s and women's kata, competition were held. In women's. kata, the two U.S. women came up short. Pam Glaser, a goju stylist, failed Billy Blanks contributed a silver and a bronze medal to the American effort. at Spencer (at right inthe far ring) stands in tor kumite against a Japanese oppo- ‘nent as teammate Davy Crockett coaches. to make it out of the second round, whilo Kathy Baxter, a shorinryu stylist, failed to place, due to the previously mentioned judges’ decision in which she was disqualified. in men's kat the American team also came up emp- ty, a8 Domingo Lianos and Bernie Gar- cla were both unable to advance be- yond the first round of competition. In men’s lightweight sparring (under 60, 60-85 and 65-70 kilograms) the US. 'ielded a brace of strong, spirited fighters who won several matches, even while sustaining in- juries. But only Alberto Pena, with a broken finger, managed to get into the semi-fimals, where he lost his match. Saturday showcased the heavier divisions (70-75, 75-80, and 80 kilo- ‘grams and over, with Tokey Hill, three- time National AAU Openweight Cham- pion, fighting in the 75-8-kilogram Class. He defeated the experienced, capable, and very cagey Captain Rosthof of the reigning World Cham- pion Dutch team in the semifinals ina lengthy overtime bout. Then, despite his exhausting semi-final match, Hill went against a Japanese fighterin the finals, where he proceeded to win the match and the gold medal by a three- point margin. Billy Blanks, the present heavy- weight AAU National Champion, took bronze in the 80kilogram and over class, then entered the openweight division the next day. (The injured Tokey Hill bowed out.) There, he ad- vanced all the way to the finals where he fought against an Italian, and NSHIPS though he lost, took the silver medal to go with the previous day's bronze. Despite the good showing by the ‘Americans, however, thore wore other important developments that came about at this World Championships, pethaps the most vital being the im- proved operation of the tournament. With @ view toward preventing a repeat of what took place at the 1975 WUKO World Championships in Cali fornia, where police had to be called in to escort the French team out of the arena after Dominic Valera assaulted a referee on a disputed call, the Spanish officials decided to make ‘several changes on the floor plan and in the rules. First they built a raised platform to contain five rings on which all the matches were to be fought. Then they 37permitted only one coach per country to ba on the floor and working with the team, instead of the usual two, three or four coaches and the confusion that situation could bring. To further limit access to the actual fighting area, each competitor was monitored before and after his match or kata. It was necessary to hand in both the membership card and the rod tag that signified a competitor was scheduled to compete on that day to the control table that adjoinad the ring. After the match was over—win, lose, or draw—they were returned to the ‘competitors and they stepped down and away from the action. All the precautions were to possibly prevent and hopefully contro! any disturbance that might arise out of disputed ealls or othor likely causes for riot. The authorities reasoned that if there were only two people from each team on the platform at any one time—the coach and his competitor— then it would be much easier to con- trol those two than 15 or 20 people. ‘And their seemingly excessive precau- tions evidently were justified, since the World Championships passed without any mishap. Security, however, was not the only thing on the WUKO officials’ minds. They wanted to refine the rules in order to continue to improve the quali- ty of karate competition as well as the safety of all karateka. AS a result, a new rule was introduced that pro- hibited both face and body contact ‘Tho poralty was disqualification, and The USA team was one of over 50 from around the world that made this the largest WUKO tournament to dat oe Lott: Tokey Hill defeating Rostho! of Holland. Below, middle: Kathy Baxter, at ‘ight, strikes ahead to meet an opponent Inwomen’s kumite, Below: The action was {a8t and furious as the event progressed. competitors were only allowed to touch the gi. The competitors. and judges reasoned that while the of- ficials' idea of puro-point scoring was good safety-wise, it would also take the fight out of the competition. So, as wellintentioned as the officials were, the judges from most of the countries, fought against the new rule, with the concession that the judgas would be allowed to evaluate whether a par- ticular blow was excessive ornot. The result was a great deal of body con- tact during the matches, with only ex- trome casos of assault moriting the judges’ disqualification. (One such case was a reverse punch trom the Dutchman Roethof that incapacitated his opponent for a full ten minutes.) Inone more effort to streamline the refereeing of all the different coun- tries’ comer judges and referees, a two-day compulsory referee's clinic was held on Monday and Tuesday be- fore competition began, with actual matches fought, points called and dis- crepancies worked out. But like the rule regarding contact to tne karateka’s. person, yet another rule that tried to elevate the caliber of com: petition went down to defeat. It was pointed out to the assembled referees that to hit an opponent's arms or loge—hie limbs—was prohibited, 0 that anyone who hit their opponent's Jag to check their posture (against the sweep, let's say) was to be penalized. In reality, this widespread practice Bill Blanks of Pennsylrania entered the ‘pen division when Hill bowed out, and Blanks came up with a silver medal.TEAM COMPETITION jet ROUN: sk ve AUSTRIA fan Feganson (oshow 2 bt Garne 2nd ROUND sis: FINLAND rd ROUND USA We JAPAN 1 Fergerson 2 Uno 50am INDIVIDUAL COMPETITION TOKEY HILL 7580 Kilo YOSomio Wapan) {ORoeto! allan the 197 Word Crampen. BILLY BLANKS £0+ Kilo Finer canaaa) In repechage beat Kerb 2. Sohn (Dormer) ‘Shona ance) BILLY BLANKS—Open Weight 0 Rajesh dna) OF Ricca inovertene earned nothing more than two warn- ings from the referees during the en: tire tournament. As someone said, the reterees either didn't notice it due to the pressure of the tournament, re- fused to notice it and ignored the rule, or just weren't competent enough. More than the security precautions or rule changes, what really shaped the style of the competition were the teshniques the referees didn't call Hook kicks, back kicks, round kicks and backfists were the most obvious Victims ofthe referaes' prejudices, and the competitors, seeing that these techniques were not going to be awarded points whether they scored or not, settled into front kickireverse punch strategy that lasted the entire tournament. ‘Nevertheless, the Sth WUKO Workd Championships ‘were able to accom- plish a great deal because of its ex- traordinary size and nature; this inter- national event involving dozens of countries promoted the chances of kerate to be an Olympic sport, built deeper and firmer ties among the karate communities of the world, and provided a sterling opportunity for athletes to hone thelr skills for bigger tournaments in the future, m Protective Cup (Dubie-K Supporter Wear the Best “Medically Approved’ Uoabe-K umestaxus ocaenat Be an ESCRIMA-ARNIS ELECTRICIAN x32 aie more mony! Chk out conrucro| ekelan wage sae te 9226 Murrayhill Rd “ane [hind of matey ys mabe new Charlotte, N.C. 28210 Senge ho are ee TRAINING SUPPLIES ‘STICKS ‘STAFFS -SWORDS DAGGERS - SPEARS TRAINING DUMMIES for stiderae ta ‘SEND $2.00 FOR INFORMATION years Kung Fu traini VIET NAM ~ CHINA 72 ORIGINAL KUNG FU Basics = 40 OLDEST PATTEANS ( Application } FIGHTING TECHNIQUES (‘Sparring ) CON ( Long Stick } : Basics, Forms, Fighting =WEAPONS, ~ IRON PALNS, TExTERWAl & INTERNAL POWER =BOOKS, — MARTIAL ARTS SUPPLIES, .. * Please send US $ 1.00 for CATALOG. ORIGINAL KUNG FU ENTERPRISES PO BOX 3898 HOLLYWOOD, CA 90028 — USA * Sponsored by Professor HANG THANH jent of Viet Nam Original Kung Fu International A srociation“Westeners know a lot of techniques, but they can't ex- ecute any of them to perfection,” argues Clyde Yoshiharu Kimura, the 32-year-old judo instructor at Southwest Mis- souti State University. "By contrast, the average Japanese judoka learns very few techniques, but his prowess at each |s extremely refined.” ‘The subject of judo competition causes Kimura's pleas- ant accent to thicken with irritation. Not that he's against it On the contrary, a room in his home full of trophies represents 20 years of experience on the mat. Powerful hip throws, executed with a forceful body spin, and the reper- toire of subtle tactics of a small contestant must use against a larger one immediately mark Kimura as a contest veteran. Yet he takes exception to the status competitive events currently have. “The reasons for tournaments are to try different throws, to meet other judoka, to test yourself against somebody new," insisted Kimura. “The importance put on winning now is ridiculous. It's led to developing throws that are sloppy, that depend purely on strength, and some that are plain dangerous. Have you seen uchimata (inner thigh reap) the way the Russians are doing it? They reap with their leg perfectly straight, from es far away from their opponent as they can reach, which ends up more like a Kick. If i's off even a little bit, both quys can get hurt. That's not judo.” ‘Such a “win at any price attitude,” permitting second rate methods, Kimura insists, is the motivation behind the koka and yuko point system adopted by judo organizations, here. “To give a koka or yuko is supposed to recognize a competition throw that’s not quite good enough for a half point. What's happened is that shoddy techniques are deciding matches now, rather than solid, full-point judo, and. that’s okay as long as you're with others who aren't ary bet- ter trained. First time you come up against someone who's practiced the correct way you'll get nailed.” The sad fact is, with the occasional exception of the heavyweight divisions, where superior bulk can prevail, Kimura is right. The international porformance of judoka from this country has been disappointing. What's the solu: tion? “Americans have got to understand that judo isn’t a sport. If they'll begin to treat it as a discipline, as the way a Person's going to follow his whole life, the quality of judo will go up. Associations and dojo should push this ap- proach, rather than trying to make judo easier or more enter- taining. ludo's vory differant hore from the way | learned it in Hawaii,” Kimura continued. “Martial arts there are part of the culture; kids are almost expected to give them a try, even if not too many stick with it." That last part, itseems, is somewhat an understatement. “When | started, our dojo had 50 kids in the beginning ciass. By the end of the year, three of us were left.” At the little wooden-walled Makaweili dojo, sitting in the AMERICAN JUDOKA JACK-OF-ALL-TRADES AND MASTER OF NONE? by Dave Lowry3 i i Kimura insists that his students master 2 technique before going ‘on to more advanced moves. He argues that Westerners make the ‘mistake of thinking that knowing more techniques will make them 2 better judoka, “4 try to teach my sixth graders the same thing I teach my judo stu- dents—tate pride in learning the right way.” pineapple tields of Kauai, both teachers were Japanese, and their approach to traditional judo was strict, with an em- phasis on basics. "it wasn't all that tough, | guess, just kind of boring. For the first six months, all we learned was ukemi (falling), night after night. Here, | have to remind students to keep their heads tucked in when they fall backwards. One of my teachers who'd gone through kamikaze training in Japan during the war wouldn't say anything about that. He'd just put bricks on the mat behind us, so our heads would smack them if we didn’t keep ‘em up.” In addition, lower ranks in Hawaiian dojo were used as dummies for the throwing practice of advanced members, tossed without mercy until they could absorb shocks of the heaviest falls. As a result of those early hard lessons, Kimura is able to demonstrate the effectiveness of ukemi now by somersaulting off a ledge four feet above the mat, to land with a terrible crash, but without harm, fiat on his back. aKimura's emphasis on the basics is his overriding concern. Begin: ‘ning students will often spend an entire semester leaming ukemi (falling techniques). While he dossn’t demand similar expertise from students, beginning classes frequently spend an entire semester polishing ukemi skis “There are dojo here that actually have people throwing and being thrown on their first lesson," Kimura says of what, he calls “mainland” judo (although his homeland achieved statehood two decades ago, like many Hawaiians, he fers to the mainiand and America as It they were foreign do- ins). “Besides causing injuries right and lelt. nobody can master judo's basics like that. Then, with a weak founda- tion, they can't add to it properly later on. That's why Westerners know a lot of techniques, but they can't do any of them as well 2s the average Japanese judoka can use the few he has.” Eom in a tiny Hawaiian plantation town, Kimura's care- free childhood amid vast island sugarcane fields was like the scenario of a C&H commercial, though typical of most Japanese-Americans in those lean days following World 6 Clyde Kimura tries to inspire his students to attain the goal Jigaro Keno set when he founded modern judo: “.. to perfect yourself ‘and create something of value to the world.”Only after students have become proficient in ukem’ will Kimura allow instruction of throwing techniques. War Il. “I knewif | was going to be anything worthwhile,” he recalls, “it depended on self-discipline and education. | surfed and fished and played, but judo and school were always the main focus in life.” Eventually his prowess at judo, which provided an athletic scholarship and summer jobs aboard tuna boats in the South Pacific, allowed Kimura to attend college at San Diego State, in Califomia. It was a vacation to Missouri's Ozarks, with their lakes, hills and rivers, that made Kimura (an avid outdoorsman) know he'd found a home. Following Graduation, he took a teaching post at Grove Springs Elementary School and he's been there ever since, one of the best-liked members of the rustic community and certain- ly the only citizen there whose dinner fare includes squid, tolu and raw fish. Then, once again his judo skille brought him back to a university, this time as a teacher. His practicing at nearby Southwest Missouri State University's judo club shortly led THE SWORD OF WisDOM (CUTS THROUGH DELUSION SUTPHEN SEMINAR TRAINING A Process of Personal Liberation ‘The BUSHIDO SST ic « 28-hour, one-weskend process of personal liberation It is conducted primarily in Los Angeles six Himes a year. “Bushido” is a mentally independent and spiritually powerful way of being—the way of the Samurai We now you train physically, but how about the mental awareness that supports martil arts\concepts? The Bushido SST isa Zen- bhebed (reining Uesigned bo make your Kfe work and tount Thovsands hive attended, including martial artists. from beginners to Senses, film actors, doctors, lawyers and mental health professionals. The feelinvestment i $150, less for two. BUSHIDO SST i conducted by Dick and Trenna Sutphen, authors of many books on_ psychic, reincarnation and Zenihuman potenthal subjects. They also offer the Martial Arts, Hypnosis tape album, Write for complete information on the Bushido SST and available hypnosis tape programs. ‘The Sutphen Corporation, BUSHIDO SST, Bor 4276AF, Seottedale, Arizona 85258 Treasure Your Collection Binders ‘The best way to preserve your copies of KA. RATE ILLUSTRATED is with this handsome, custom binder. Done in rich red leatherette Designed to hold 12 issues. Just $6.95 each. Order Code — KIB. onaRaA [pl PUBLICATIONS, INC. 186) W. Empire Ave., Burbans, CA 31504“The reasons for tournaments are to try different throws, meet other judoka and to test yourself agains! someone new. The impor- tance put on winning these days Is ridiculous.” toan appointment as the group's sponsor and as instructor of the school's judo and self-defense classes. Today, Kimura teaches his art with the rare perspective of a budoka raised in an Oriental environment, now living in one that's entirely Occidental. And while he had to be interrupted betore class the other evening trom an animated tale of the ten-pound bass that got away, his observations of judo reveal much about his unique position. ‘Whatovor happens to judo in the United States, Kimura's course, apparently, is set. “I try to teach my sixth graders the same thing! teach judo students. Take pride in learning the right way. Whether it's schoolwork or judo, short cuts won't work. Time and dedication and attention to details is what will So he'llstay in the Ozark highlands, teaching, ‘coon hunt- 9 with the good ole boys, and passing long summer atter- rncons bailing hay or drifting in a cance. But inside Clyde Yoshiharu Kimura burns the spirit necessary to reach the {goal Jigoro Kano set when he founded modern judo: ". .. to perfect yourself and create something of value to the world.’ ‘As long as there are judomen with Kimura's dedication, that spirit is in no danger of extinction, ™ Seer rreerermien miner x Taare Ml ' wl Tee ' OHARA PUBLICATIONS, INC. | ena | Cote a a 1847 W. Empire Ave. a : ee a ne 15) BeBe 1 1 a 1 ea ie, : 1 ‘ach sdaiional book — e LH 1 Total forall itoms $i Bf Name con neoen sacets____ ' — : = Shipping & Handling S. 7 a I TOTAL AMOUNT ENCLOSED $__ ' FOREIGN COUNTRIES: Please submit Int’! MO. of bank drait payable in : HE GS ines Ace £200 for fst item plus 75e Yor each asational hi (Checkencened 0 CHARGE MY. © VISA =e : HE stage ang nanan cau Masterchae: a : [] [ a 1 aT ae | a ooo fret cd : a fi2a einep ae fg ae ‘ge ae) del ik 3 Ey ot Ed | Medea oro: | + bition soxsiones rea STORES CARRYING {) OHARA BOOKS wae Bie ee BE co “Haar ees San meee, CA 9019 Steinar Se a rE fae See hoy Seite ges | ral © sien ca ase 01 eee Bee i ae, See ie aaa Ea ea Sri oa es ‘tree maar as ‘FOREIGN COUNTRIES ee, way Eatin somee | Beare a a pr a un? ae ae ae ate ee. hes = Sauk 5 3 65PHYSICAL FORCE Is it true that, in order to have super-tffective fighting technique, one must also have super strength? The answer depends on the type of strength we'ré talking about. There are at least two fundamental ways to be strong—mentally and physically. Although we cannot totally disregard physical strength in any of the martial ars, it is crucial to realize that physical power is only a minute por- tion of mental power. The physical 66 aspect of the human body is derived from and created by the mental aspect. In a sense, we are looking at the difference between quantity and quality. How much strength one uses is practically irrelevant a6 compared to the type of strength he uses. We commonly use the word ki in reference to this inner or mental strength. In the Japanese language, ki Is a prefix denoting air or vapor—in other words, a non-substance. Based ‘A very common street attack is the lapel grab, shown in the ph Jing to yank or pull the wastes one’s strength above left. Try- tacker away only a8 it does not affac- by S.M. Kenney on this concept, we can see that ki not only differs from physical strength, it is the exact opposite of it. But how does one go about shed- ding bodily strength and gaining ki? The first step is being conscious of it. For example, when practicing certain blocking techniques in some styles of karate, one does not try to stop the force of an oncoming punch. Instead, one merely steps aside and deflects the momentum of the blow. This en- When executing judo throws, using physical strength alone is completely ine fective. The photo at far lot illustrates the wrong way of executing an ogoshi, or hip throw: The thrower is rot nearly low ‘enough, the hip is improperly placed, and {eet are much too far apart. By con the ogoshi shown at left is being performed with the proper technique: The ‘Opponent is balanced on the hip and the ‘throwers feet are in a V-position. Theres. ‘no strength involved at all—it's simply a ‘matter of leverag tively discourage him. By applying both a ‘simple wrist lock and pressure on the radal nerve, one can easily drive the tacker to his knees.VS MENTAL FORCE ables him to conserve whatever physical strength he has, and rely on his reservoir of mental ability. The man throwing the punch, however, is exerting his physical strength, thereby draining himeelf of both stamina and i, as the two are intrinsically related, The use of too much physical force is easily detected. Primarily, itis often a cover-up for careless or ineffective technique. For example, when practic- ing judo throws one should rely on When boing attacked with a front chek asin the photo at let, itis futile to try and break the men’s grip by using physical throwing @ knee intothe man's groin while Simultaneously pressing on the radial nerve in the arm. leverage and balance to complete the throw—not muscle. It should take a minimum amount of effort to throw your opponent. Practicing throws uchi ‘komi (going through the motion with- ‘out the takedown) is an ideal way to test for technique. If you remain up- fight and in balance, and if your oppo- nent’s center of gravity is displaced, you know that you areusing technique rather than strength. On the other hand, if you cannot take the man down without muscling him over, you can be sure that your power of ki is under- developed and you are relying on your physical resources. ‘One common question that tends to arise from thie discussion is “What difference does it make as long as the end result is the same?” The dif- ferenca is that when two paople are fighting, whether it be on the street or In a controlled match, it often comes down to who can last the longest. The worst responses to a choke attack from behind—attempting to pull the attacker away from or over you, particularly if you are off-balance trom the outset. One Possible escape technique is to deliver a 9004, clean elbow strike to the attacker's ‘midsection (or a kick to the groin, knee or instep), followed by a wrist lock and pres: ‘Sureppoint combination.gal COMPLETE Pats YOR aa aie a eee eed visto) by Bruce Lee and M. Uyehara De eee ere ere for—complete proficiency in Cena ead Pry Coren) Pera Pe) and kick Os ee perenne emer eed erty are ee er Eas tacks with Kicks, Defense and Counter, Tactics In a tatoshi, or log throw, the opponent ‘should be swept off balance immediately and the thrower’s arms should lead him in the desired direction—neither is being achieved in the photo above left. Above right, the thrower remains on balance ‘while using his arms to steer his opponent to the mat. man who is conserving his physical Power and relying on technique wil in variably outlast his competitor. The reason for this is that ki is inex haustable, while physical strength is quickly and easily depleted. Imagine standing in the ocean and cupping the water in your hands. The ocean itself represents ki; the water in your hands represents physical strength ‘Another question stemming trom this discourse is, “Is it absolutely necessary to reduce physical Strength? That is, should | stop lifting before workouts, etc,2” The answer is yes—it is indeed vital to reduce physical strength to achieve expertise in technique, but not in the way you might expect. It is not necessary to stop lifting or doing any other physical activities that tend to build muscle. It Is necessary, nowever, to drain all tenseness and physical forcefuiness from the body and completely sur- render to the energy of ki. For most of Us, concentration must be supreme in order to attain this state, at least at first, After practice though, itbecomes increasingly easier until ki is a natural state of ming, not a conscious effort How can we test ourselves to be sure we have reached this state? The prime factor here is exhaustion. When the body is physically exhausted, yet can still perform precise fighting tech- niques, we know thet we are fighting with inner strength. Even the most casual observer of the martial arts will easily be able to spot the difference between a man fighting from without” and a man fighting from “within.” He may not know what to call it, and he may not be able to pin- point exactly with the difference is, but he will be able to spot it im mediately. More importantly, we will be able to feel it ourselves. If we are using outer strength or physical force, we tire quickly; we feel the fatigue in our arms and legs. Technique crum- bles when it does not have a firm foun- dation, and gives way to sloppy and in- effective fighting. Physical strength then, can actual- ly be ahandicap toa person who is try ing to advance in ability in any of the martial arts. It is a stumbling block that must be overcome early. If it is not, one still has the capability of becoming a good martial artist, but ot a great martial artist. He will never achieve excellence. If true inner strength is attained, outer strength will follow naturally In other words, physical strength is actually destroyed and reborn, The rebirth of this strength makes it twice as effective, because now it is a by- Product of mental energy. The two ‘combine to form one precise and skill- ful fighting too!—the mental becomes the physical, and the physical be- ‘comes the mental. Only when this ‘combination occurs can one begin to advance as a martial artist. The mis- take tat most people make is trying to achieve this union in the wrong se- quance. They seek to develop physical capacity first, thinking mental for- titude will follow. It doesn't work that way. The entire consciousness must be absorbed in the cultivation of ki The ki will create its own physical con- sciousness, and the two will function as one. * ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Sue M. 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Siltanie™ tor {indoor or outdoor Blease ste place ony srs [¢ eee Protector PHONE o 201-988-3458 sOAT PRI: ET PELE ETE, by James Praytor“Two arts are not necessarily better than one. | think most students should strive to master one art before con- sidering others. Although | think all arts are good and that thoy do have the same objective, | feel very strongly that a Person should develop an original style of fighting,” ex- plained tang soo do instructor Yong Ju Lee of Huntsville, Alabama. Lee is a dedicated martial artist and teacher, 30 years of age, with 23 of those years spent in training. He is always seeking to lear new techniques. “When | was in Vietnam with the Korean Marines,” Lee said, "I watched a young boy kicking in the water. Suddenly a iarge fish was kicked from the water and landed on the beach dead. My thoughts were that | could learn something by observing this boy's technique, because it’s dificult to kick hard in the water.” With his original training in tang soo do, Lee later trained in northern style praying mantis kung fu. He firs! became in- terested in tang soo do at the age of seven. “One day in Seoul,” he said, “I watched Hwang Ki (founder of tang 800 do} break several concrete slabs with a Demonstrating tang 300 do's tredemark—the hard, high Kick—Is easy for Yong Lee. Although Lee teaches pure tang soo do in his ‘Alabama dojang, he Keeps an open mind about learning from other sources. finger thrust. | thought this was very good, and | wanted to eam it! That was the beginning of my martial arts training, which I have continued ever since. “Tang s00 do is about 60 percent soo bank (the original Korean martial art which is about 1,400 years old) and about 40 percent kung fu. Hwang Ki went to Manchuria in 1936 to leam Chinese arts. He returned to Korea in 1945 and began teaching tang 800 do. “after training under Hwang for 16 years, | went to Pusan and joined the Buddhist temple there. | had seen demon- strations of kung fu and was especially impressed with the meditation techniques. lonce saw a demonstration of a cer tain meditation technique where a man placed a piece of tofu (bean curd) cake between three concrete blocks. Then he placed an egg on top of the blocks. The man broke the blocks using the palm of his hand, but the egg and the cake n{na technique demonstrating both tang soo do and kung fu, Lee Uses the detensive cat stance of kung fu to elude a punch and trap the hand, then switches to @ powertul tang soo do elbow strike to finish his opponent. 2 For purposes of developing his own fighting style, Lee mixes kung {fu with tang soo do. Note the kung fu stance at left, used to trap an encoming punch flowed by # conventional ardatyle karate 2. were not harmed. It was very impressive. “My personal style is a combination of tang soo do and, kung fu. There are many differences in the two arts, but they do complement each other quite well. | especially like the mind control | learned from kung fu which comes from Zen moditation “Kung fu is more relaxed and flexible than tang s00 do. | think a good way to describe it is to say, inside is strong: outside is smooth. | like this! Kung fu blocks are soft, whereas tang 00 do blocks are hard and powerful. When you mix these together, it becomes an original style of fighting. Tang soo do is my art, but | use a lot of kung f my personal style. | think one of the major differences in the two arts is that tang sco do teaches to focus all your powerto one point, suchas the hand you are striking with. Kung fu uses meditation to distribute this power throughout the body. “Tang 500 do lets the ki out, while kung fu holds it in. The. hand and foot techniques of both arts are easily used together. Kung fu uses certain pullpush techniques that are rnot taught in tang soo do. Both arts are good. | have put them together because | wanted an original style of fighting. Lee has combined two arts so well that they, in effect, have become one. He says, “What | dois probably unique to ime. It is my style.” He is adamant in his statement that he Stang $00 do. “What | teach is tang S00 do,” says jut | also teach kung fu basics with it. This seems to holp many of my students. | developed this way of teaching because | think both arts are good. Some people want to ex- ercise and others want to lean real fighting techniques. ‘Something they could use to defend themselves. | do not teach by the step method. Instead, | teach all the moves as one and let the student adapt this to nis natural rhythm, ‘Tang s00do is for the purpose of self-defense, and | teach it to achieve that goal.” The students at Lee's school train hard. Part of their training is full-contact sparring with no protective equip- ment, He says, “That is the criginal way of practice and teach original tang soo do. | train my students for contact. ‘The array of trophies Lee's school has amassed in just a couple of years speaks for nis way of teaching ‘According to Lee, “A student will retain 80 percent of what he learns, while 20 percent will be his own original technique. | feel very strongly that a person should have an ‘original style of fighting. | don’t try to teach my personal style, but my students pick up some of it anyway. Some students never develop good kicking techniques, s0 | teach them more hand techniques. This would include the kung fu techniques. ““A person who learns two arts has an advantage if he ‘can adapt the two styles into one fighting technique. I'm in- terested in all arts, A person can borrow from and learn from all of them. If he can adapt what he leamns into his own style, he will be a much better fighter. bad WORLD FAMOUS UNIFORM TOKAIDO’ AND TRAINING EQUIPMENT & BLACK EAGLE UNIFORMS WRITE FOR FREE CATALOGUE AND PRICE LIST. NOZAWA TRADING, INC. ‘870 South Western Avenue Los Angeles, California 90005 P.O. Box 76884 Los Angeles, California 90076 Drna-trke iss mut fr any scious student ofthe martial DYNA-STRIKE HAN'S MARKETING INC, 6348 N, WESTERN AVE. CHICAGO, ILL. 60659, Please send Eneloved is my check or money order for Please make check payable to Han's Marketing.FICTION * e Ue ae ea sent his Mongo! horde on Korean- CE a of the insolent “‘King of Japan.” The Khan's orkhons (marshalls) are ox. eee AN et en Macy ae eg me uCecd Rem rs ee ae ed ne ama) ce a ae Cee es Se The keel of the first galley ground Tenis sheen CRU Re Raed Se ee uke ome eee ee Se mere Ror Uae a OC oni urs een mcs eT uc omy ea ee anes Ce ea errand eeu ae Cee aa Seek cece mg waiting Nongols and Koreans. Meee cen Cd ee me ac ae ree es SOU ue eu ec Cee ue a force were brought ashore. Parcels Ce erage cey See oe ea Se an galley into an awaiting sculling craft. These parcels were covered with oil- Couche erie cut el CU Re acca nt ao ed contained the muchfeared thunder ccs Ce eee CO ean ear Tce Re ae ee a DCU Um eae Oe eos ore eee ae ees eae Ce short pavilions constructed of the finest Chinese sik. Campfires dotted Cee einem ts ey Se eur De rece eg wae a ees Sone ented een eT Copper eur ces eee came ts the island. At this news, the orkhons ree uc Creek a eee RLS island en masse until every last one of Peer er rea er es eres ces UME err ee au tse ee Ce aS aie uet ey Dee eh ra CUR ane) Seas ‘As the horde progressed, it left in eect ge ss ae eet nee eens Eee ei ky ee aL eRe cn Rem Mo Dee mee aed ee ard tered on the field fought valiantly and Cm na en een aCe en SM ed ee ee ts em Mc ae erent ect ne a ea Cec ccicn ee ar Pen ued owen me ae) Cu eee ay horsemanship that they charged upon ee Rg horses with only their legs. This left ee en a CR ou ns Acumen ny reece aCe ey ee Re cen See ee id See eee ogee Ree peu a a Pen ie POUR es CeCe oe were signaled and once again they eeu or eer) re oe es Cee cane) ek ee res Cee cae Ue un however, preceeded their arrival on Iki PRC um See ean cL Recon ncos Cue an Ce ne eed eeu een a i eee Oey eee nee eRe UCU) aero m acs en eR oan arn ay cn mS US ER eu as ship after ship began to deposit its Ce ae ad en ee ie eee atgs ua en eon nC ae kt a samurai warriors fought to the last man and as on Tsushima Isiand, the ean er)and killed with savage cruelty. with their work done on Tsushima and Iki the Mongol host turned its attention to the island of Kyushu. Enter the Ninja The evening meal was sumptuous and the entertainment was also de lightful. Yoshi enjoyed being enter: tained by the Shogun, even though he always felt an uncomfortable sense of awe in his presence. All throughout the evening the Shogun posed ques- tions to Yoshi and showed keen in: terest in the answers. Upon comple- tion of the evening's festivities, Yoshi took his leave and returned to his quarters, Once inside his chambors, Yoshi slipped into his black ninja robes and stealthily made his way out ‘of Kamakura and to his home village. ‘When he arrived home, he met with his family and then with his fellow nin- ja. He talked with the Raven about thelr last mission together, and he discovered that the Serpent never retuned. That was poor news but perhaps he has only been delayed, stated Yoshi. “Perhaps,” remarked the Raven. “In any case, whatever happen- ed, i's karma. "Yes," replied Yoshi, “karma.” ‘As the night grew long, Yoshi caught up on what activities. had transpired during his absence. There were several kidnappings, poisonings land thefts. In adgition there was anow use for the Chinese thunder powder. There would be a meeting in coming weeks in the mountains to demon- strate, As the evening waned, Yoshi did his comrades farewell and has- tened back to Kamakura He was back in his quarters only a short time when a contingent of the ‘Shogun's personal guard appeared on is threshold. The Shogun wished to ‘ee Yoshi immediately. As Yoshi pro- ceeded with the escort to the Shogun's favilion, he noticed that all of Kamakura was actr. Banners were flying, men were in formation and the encampment was bristling with weaponry. What,” thought Yoshi, “was going on? Are we going to battle?’ The Shogun was lost in meditation as Yoshi entered. When the Shogun regained his presence of mind, he for- “It is your karma to send into the netherworld he who blasphemes the land of the gods.” mally addressed Yoshi. "You are one of my most trusted vassals,” stated the Shogun. * have tisked your life innumerable times for your lord. However, | must ask you to do so once again. Your task Is (0 make known to the samurai on Kyushu that large forces will soon be available, and that they should engage only in dolaying tactics until these ‘reinforcements arrive. “Then, | wish you to return to Korea. From there you must travel to the residence of Kubla Khan. The for- biden city It is your karma to send in- to the netherworid he who blas- hemes the land of the gods.’ Yoshi stolcally accepted nis master's orders and upon completion of the meeting, Yoshi bowed and left the Shogun's presence. He hurriedly, yet carefully, made preparations for his departure. Secret- Iy he nottfied his family and was gone. ‘The Mission Begins The trip to Kyushu was the fastest Yoshi had ever made. The first leg of the trip consisted of a series of turious horseback relays. Along the way, Yoshi noticed that the countryside took on the appearance of an armed camp. Every major road was stream- ing with escorts of feudal lords. Literally thousands of samurai were marching through the countryside heading for the isiand of Kyushu. With banners flying high atop bam- boo poles, almost every feudal lord was eager to make a shiow of loyalty to the Shogun, For the first time, a feel- ing of national unity had come over the peoples of Japan. Minor feudal quarrels were set aside as all of Japan united together to do battle with the common enemy, the barbarian Mongols. ‘Of course, not all were concerned with the welfare of the nation. Many knew that the Shogun would shower the brave with great gifts of apprecia- tion which they would be pleased to humbly accept. Tho trip by horseback left Yoshi on the coast near the city of Shimoda. From Shimoda, Yoshi boarded a fleet sailing craft which spirited him to the island of Kyushu, When landfall on Kyushu was made, Yoshi again sped ‘on horseback to the northern area of the island, When Yoshi reached hision, he was appalled by what ‘The Mongol Armada ‘The feudal lords of Kyushu Island knew well that Hakata Bay, being the only sheltered harbor on the northern part of the island, would be the perfect spot for the Khan's fleet to make their landing. All along the bay, the feudal lords constructed earthworks to slow the progress of the barbarians. Once the defenses were constructed, the samurai_of Kyushu watched and waited. They were as appalled at what they saw as was Yoshi Mirabishi. No less than 450 Korean ships ap- peared off Hakata Bay. The sheer Aumbers of men, beasts and provi- sions that began to land on the beaches of the bay was absolutely as- tounding. The Mongo! host presented an array of infantry whose front ranks held huge wooden shields. Behind the infantry marched the cavalry. Behind the cavalry were oxen pulling strange- ly constructed devices. ‘As the Mongol horde pressed for- ward, it was a terrifying sight to behold: a virtual wall of human and animal tlesh designed solely for con- quest and destruction. As the horde drew closer to the Japanese earth- works, despite Yoshi's message from the Shogun to delay until rein- forcements arrive, the feudal lords of Kyushu sent out thoir mounted sam- urai to engage the enemy. The samurai flailed their charges into a headiong run at the Mongol lina. In response to the Japanese charge, the Mongol infantry separated down the middle to allow their own cavalry to charge through. The Mongol tuman assumed the tulughma formation, and by sheer numbers completely envel- oped the Japanese mounted warriors and decimated their ranks, The onlookers behind the earthworks looked on in disbelief. The tuman once again took up a position behind the in- fantry. The Mongol infantry then closed ranks and pressed forward again. Just short of the earthworks the Mongo! line halted. The Japanese, braced for the attack, were not prepared for what happened next. From behind the Mongol line there began to be cata: “The aerial bombardment ceased and the Mongol hoard was on the move once more.”” pulted all manner of objects. Samurai wore boing crushed and maimed by flying boulders and blocks of wood. Next there came flaming naptha and oll The devastation was revolting, Samurai lying in gruesomely con: torted forms, their vitals crushed out of them and lying in the sand beside them. Dismombored and burning forms ran about, screaming like men possessed by demons. All at once the aerial bombardment ceased and the Mongol horde was on the move once more. As they reached the earthworks, the samurai of Kyushu enjoined them in battle. There is much to be said for the Mongol cavalry, but in close.quarter ‘combat there is none to compare with the Japanese samurai and his kee blade. The battle was furious and ter ble. At such close quarters the Mongol tuman was all but useless and the Japanese wrought a high price indee from the Mongol infantry. They in- flicted heavy losses on the invaders. The Japanese losses were no less severe, but their sheer courage and ‘unique ability in wielding the killing ‘sword proved they were a match for the attacking infantry. AS dusk drew near, the samurai were beginning to draw off behind the earthworks to regroup. As they did so, a new sight began to unfold behind the Mongol line. Fountains of orangeyellow sparks began to erupt. Following these erup- tions the sky began to fill with trailing arcs of the same orange-yellow hue. The sparkling trails of light, which resembled shooting stars, began to descend upon the Japanese earth- works. Suddenly, the earthworks began to erupt all along the line in a series of explosions. “Chinese thunder powder,” thought Yoshi. Earth, stone and human limbs began to fly. Who could imagine such a thing? “Do these barbarians actually control the thunder and lightning?” thought the Japanes The samurai ware slightly taken aback and wondered if indeed these were fighting men, monsters or gocs. ‘As night descended a gentle rain began to fall and the wind began to blow. The swordplay still continued beyond the earthworks, but the fire in the sky and explosions came to a halt.The Japanese thanked the gods for thelr good fortune and the Mongols cursed the rain for making their thunder powder useless. The Japanese proved to be the deftest swordsman the Mongols had met. The Japanese exhibited such fierceness in battle that their adver- saries decided to withdraw to their ships for the night. The losses in: flicted by the samurai were so severe that the orknons decided it would be safer to pass the night on board ship. ‘The Japanese, in turn, retreated be- hind their earthworks. ‘As Yoshi thought of what tran- spired this day, he felt sure that if rein- forcements were not forthcoming, the Mongols might soon control Kyushu Island. As night drew on and both sides drew apart from the line of bat- tle, Yoshi began the second step of his mission. ‘The Sword Bearer No one noticed the dark-clad figure slip past the earthworks toward the Mongol battle line. As Yoshi pressed ‘on, it was his intention to get aboard one of the Korean vessels. He made his way to the beach where transport craft were awaiting the Mongol army. ‘A storm was brewing and the surtace of Hakata Bay tured into a severe chop—the anchored ships began to hneave to and tro. The Mongol host was now making a savage effort to get on board ship so the ships could leave the bay and get safely Out to sea to ride out the storm. ‘As Yoshi passed the many slain Mongols that littered the beachos he passed several Korean dead also. He “As the evening sky descended over the bay, the tempest increased in magnitude.” quickly put on the clothing of one of the Korean dead, and then made his way to one of the awaiting ships. He gathered a number of fallen weapons from the enemy dead and acting as a sword dearer returning the armaments tothe ship. As the evening sky descended over Hakata Bay, the tempest increased in magnitude. Violent winds began to blow and the rains came in torrents. ‘Thunder cracked the sky and lightning tore at the pitchdark cloud cover. If there was anything on earth the Mongols feared, it was thunder and lightning. Many cast themselves into the sea in an effort to escape it. As the Korean ships carrying their Mongol passengers headed out to sea, many were lost ‘The winds whipped the surface of the sea so violently that huge swells, ‘crashed over the sides of many ships. The ships quickly filled and sank. Others were driven aground or against the rocky shoreline and splintered by the pounding surt It went hard for any of the ship- wrecked who managed to get safely to shore—they were met with viciously- wielded sword blades. No quarter was asked or given. The enemy survivors were killed to a man, The ship that Yoshi had boarded was shaking vio- Jently as it was navigating the narrows of Hakata Bay. The vessel was nosing heavily into the seas and the crew was wildly bailing to keep the ship afloat. Yoshi was making his way toward the midship when he heard the treme dous splintering crack. He looked up, but it was too late. The falling mast caught Yoshi full in the chest. Yoshi SHODAN® SOFTCHUK Softchuks are precision made for realistic weight, length and feel. ‘They may be used by beginners or by advanced practioners trying new techniques. Specifications: Soft Foam Rubber with tough outer coating over steel pipe, 12” weighs 11 oz., 14” weighs 13 oz. Round lke Bruce Lee's Chuks, 1/4” in diameter, jet black, nunchaku tech- nique instruction sheet included. Softchuk—$6.95 SHODAN® APARTMENT STRETCHER Designed for use in homes or apartments where putting holes in ceiling is not permitted or desirable. Works over any closed door. Very compact and great for use while traveling. Sets up for use in 10 seconds. Price: $12.95 SHODAN® STRETCHER Constructed of pure whiterugged furniture grade P.V.C. with black finger lug handle and ankle padding. Adjustable for increased tension end spreading as you progress. Develops leg flexibility so important to higher, better, stronger kicks. Helps “develop better coordination and more physical endurance. Can be used hile watching TV. and sittingon living room floor. Turn TL. watching into productive exer- cise and leg stretching time. Price: $24.9 MERTENS MANUFACTURING CO. ‘A DIVISION OF MERTENS MARTIAL MARKET 1505 Northeast 26th St., Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33305 Telephone: (305) 566-0001 in Florida / Outside Florida Toll Free: 800-327-8878 ‘SEND MONEY ORDER OR CASHIERS CHECK OR ORDER BY PHONE. ADD $2.00 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING, FOR C.0.D. ADD ADDITIONAL $2.00 « DEALER AND DISTRIBUTORS INQUIRIES INVITED. * SEND FOR FREE CATALOG.and the mast both went over the side, ‘and Yoshi disappeared beneath the ‘obsician black waves. NEW JERSEY’S BEST MARTIAL ART ‘STORE! WE SELL OVER 40 KINDS OF NUNCHAKU, SWORDS, KAMA'S, SHURIKENS(10 TYPES), 60'S, KNIVES, ETC. COME IN AND SEE US AT NATURAL STUFF INC. MO RT. 48, ROCKAWAY, NJ. 201627.7780 The dawn broke clear and sunny. The storm had moved ou! to sea and not one enemy ship could de seen afloat. Hakata Bay was replete with the remains of the decimated armada. The top masts of sunken ships pro: truded through the surlace of the bay's waters. The waterline was awash in obscenely bloated human ors and equine forme, and the beach was Each cneeion littered with the dead of both sides. Behind the earthworks the Japanese feudal lords quietly awaited the sec: ‘ond Mongol assault. They did not try (cATIONS.ING. to fool themselves. The second atlack onanalfl rust 308 might not come today or even next year. But as sure as karma is karma, they knew it would come, ” BER BREE REE You are - Send for a amurai! “= : . A © New Samurai Swords with solid . ‘ tempered-steel blades, matching * : scabbards, exclusively ours (etal ot siver rete nit) J @ in America. 3 a be Gs BS pet mmmmmnss 7 tECTONS AnwoUr 2 ‘Slates Lane, Alexandria, VA 22314 Aso use! Wonca Swot, Tn Kes a tomate above foes our Sonature = ry : a con maaopecont ogo rs . . ES 1 i 7 Bh samuratives, starting her! Seca acess. osscrmeett. Ml WH uigs7 pam tates ran sero og Sms Ioan hese ene a Shanstin nn verad ath nse Da 589.98" (Aca $1.25 Postage and Harding lor each tem ordared) a | Menuki Katana Sword 42" jong. Hilt of simuited t {MT Sr Re ona ue 2" twee ae a 1 CeySieze 7 . . aa ®feats of strength have shown that man is capab yond w limiss “The six-week course Chi Mind Con: trol provides a method of total mind and body development aimed at tapping. of power and endurance far be- se considered to be normal this phenomenal rete your internal strength. Written by former Mr. America and Kung-fu Master of Chi Mike Dayton, the course explores the same techniques he uses to 0 beyond the barriers of pain and strength to break handcuffs and b Leam how to: achieve more speed cand power; increase your confidence, concentration and coordination; and control your emotions and reactions to pain, The course arrives one section per week. The price is $3750, complete with a handsome diploma upon com pletion. We pay for postage, handling nod tax. Satisfaction guaranteed, ‘or your money back! Dayton Unlimited, Inc. VISA. Mastereharse Bepey Onegai Ghent Tsing Cobo More than Just Kicks Karate is spiritual, but what does God have to do with karate? Every- thing. When you can understand your- self, your weaknesses and insecurity, you can then put forth effort for im- provement because of the awareness of the imperfections. You cannot pour water into a cup that's already full! God cannot help you whon there is no effort. This means you are not one with His creation, you are the opposite of nature, Improvement is reality and reality is, something “Intellectuals” cannot ra- tionalize away. A person's beliefs are reality (but not always the actuality) whether others agree or not. Karate's Zen psychology refers to this as “the illusion of the environment—the folly of the ego.” Through television, billboards and other media means, we touch on fan tasy. The violence associated through these means is fantasy to the person who has never experienced pain. Karate as a combat art form is a means toward getting back to reality—a prorequisite in survival. me LETTERS ‘onsruea em aoe 9 eight-by-ten glossy portrait. Not one word about the competitors was men- toned in the “article,” althougn there were some comments on coaches. Ed. TAI Karate | read your January issue and was ‘overwhelmed by your article on David German. It's about time! I've seen Mr. German inhis TAI Karate show here in Las Vegas and have attended many of his seminars, have never seena more charismatic demonstrator, nor a more knowledgeable martial artist. He's cer- tainly BLACK BELT mater ‘Thanks for making my day. I'm real: ly awaiting your upcoming articles on his training methods and techniques. Steve Herpolsheimer Las Vegas, NV We trust then, that you were pleased with the cover story of our March issue. —Ed. AAA TROPHY AND SUPPLY CO. Free catalogue has over 2,500 items to choose from. Tro- phies, patches, Oriental med icine, fighting equipment and much more. Write: 737 Jericho Turnpike, St. James, New York, New York 11780 or call: (616) 265-1555 or (516) 265-9343 for YOUR FREE CATALOGUE. PSE UT ee We Rea Fe ace) Perea ere Tr) ee un eam Saar) em eS) Cw catea mmr eerste ey Cee keels Ciscoe ‘North American Black Belt Society Poe Pirenetrni eee) A COMPLETE KARATE—KUNG FU SUPPLIES STORE ms, weapons, books, prsoiei gent UAE pane tity of wing chun wooden dummy. Send 25¢ for catalog. iv Hawkins Martial ‘Arts Supply me Company 11966 Wilshire Bivd. Los Angeles, CA 90025 Tel: 213-4788118MARTIAL ARTS SUPPLIES books & posters HIGH-QUALITY HERBS EVERLAST EQUIPMENT weapons, uniforms, supplies, pro- {ective gear {or large catalog & special discount} price list send 25¢ to: MUSASHI MARTIAL ARTS .0. BOX 40 Tustin, CA 92680 ated aad De eee Mike Duytor's Packets provide the nutritional balance you need to perform at peak mental and physical ability, with ‘over 46 vitamin, einer and enzymes. Meney back guarantee if not ‘one box: $26.00 Ech bes contina 30 pect Recomended doage i on ack per ‘You may find a cheaper supplement, but you co’ find be Send check, money or FREE inform «Dayton Unlimited PO Box 28444, San Jose, CA95159 ws We, ont panna squire “OMe FALL SPECIAL SAVE UP TO 40% Swivel Chain Nunchaks $8.98 Sars phe Runcnaxu, Nyon 14" 285 Mit Gloves 1530 Neather Striking Ball 2180 Leather Head Guard 8290 Naxiwara S19 ‘Send 25¢ for catalog with many more items. SHAOLIN MARTIAL ARTS P.O. Box 5205 Santa Ana, CA92704 -KUNG FU: 4) ‘ESCRIMA: “KUN TA: *“FULL CONTACT: TRAINING FILM & BOOKS NEW '79-80 CATALOG .50+ KOINONIA PRODUCTIONS . 0, BOx 7174 Stockton, California 95207 Non-Profit instruction This letter refers to another letter entitled “Non-profit Dojo” written by Leonard H. Jackson in the December issue of BB. I'm happy to inform you that there are instructors who spend a reat deal of time teaching for tree or practically nothing, Actually, | think the latter is abetier Idea, as the small fee gives the stu- dent incentive to practice and excel in his art. The men who do this unselfish work should be commended. | person- ally feel I'm very lucky that my instruc tor is willing to share his great know!- ‘edge of the Chinese martial arts, Mike Scarlett Phoenix, AZ We agree—anyone who knows a mar- tial art and who gives freely of his knowledge must have his heart, and head, in the right place. MEd. Editorial Commentary 1am writing to express my sincere appreciation for the great improve- ‘ment your magazine has shown in its ‘most recent issues. Not many months ‘ago an editorial mentioned a need for BLACK BELT magazine to broaden its appeal. | believe the December and January issues are fine examples of this intention wellapplied. Not only is the writing clear and concise but your something-for-everyone format seemed to reach the entire readership (with even a little fiction on the side). Louder praise goes for what wasn't there, as much as for what was. Con spicuously absent was the theorizing ad nauseum—Can a boxer beat a karateka? Kata orno kata’? What is the best martial art?—and the overgen- erous use of superiatives. ‘Most importantly, however, is a decided change in attitude on the part of your magazine. | am sure you will agree that the martial arts are no longer the exclusive domain of the rough-and-tumble young male student, but regularly encompass incividuals from all walks of life. The issues | men- tion seem to credit your readership with intelligence enough to make up their own minds about kata, contact, schools, teachers and much more If you will just supply the information. ‘As the martial artist grows physically, the mind must grow also, and this hap- pens at a much slower rate if you make decisions for them through a biased presentation of information. | was glad to see this bias gonein these issues, ‘Some suaaestions for articles in imguted eat of sect Reure Boo The Hat is notes, his "Aealtector’s ‘orowertnon 811.95 se ranon $19.99 Poteet ‘THREE SECTIONAL STAFF by Kam Yuen tm this book, Kam Yuen shal teach oujnow io'uke the thresectionsthe coming months might include se- quontial examination of kata, taping techniques for injuries, a survey of ju jitsu styles, return of ‘the crossword puzzle, and a miniquiz on CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resusitation). With quality such a rare commodity these days, | believe it is worthwhile for readers to sound off when you are meeting there needs as well as when you slip up. Keep up the good work. Bruce W. Simms Waukegan, IL Coors Controversy This is in reference to a letter that was printed in your letters section from Rick Donovan. | will try to be openminded about Mr. Donovan's re- marks, but | must admit I find it hard to understand his motivation to discredit myself, Mr. Parker or Coors. Coors sponsored my trip to Califor. nia with no guarantee of their patch being shown or a word printed on their behalf. There were many shots taken that didn't show the patch, and the on- ly reason this one was selected was because of the clarity and focus in technique and expression. When Coors pays my expenses to a tourna: ment, it helps the promoter to spend extra dollars on sports fans and help karate people who see their entry fees getting higher with each event. Spon- ‘sors, like Coors or whoever, can help us reach an audience that will some- day take lessons andior go to tour- naments, an audience that would otherwise not even be aware of the ‘martial arts. You seem to care about the martial arts—well, how about caring for the people in i? Maybe someday we can discuss all this over a cool glass of your favorite beverage. Jack Farr Enid, OK | would like to reply to Mr. Donovan’s letter in the January ’81 BLACK BELT. Indeed, Mr. Donovan does speak from a position of ignor- ance in his comments on Mr. Parker, Jack Farr and the kenpo karate system, Mr. Donovan, you attack bravely with pen and distance as ally. You must be a practitioner of a “pure” sys- tem, as if others are contaminated. Or you may even be a kenpo student, ig- orant of the lineage of the system. Every Chinese kenpo or kenpo karate school in the country can trace its origins back to Parker. How then can you say you admire Kenpo in its Chinese forms and call the Parker system garbage? It seems strange to me that what you regard as an inferior system Should produce the practitioners it has. |, for one, am a personal friend of Jack Farr and can attest that he is no “clown” in altitude and proficiency. Please refer to KARATE ILLUS- TRATED's ratings if you doubt it. | give you a partial list of ‘well. known past or present Kenpo stu- dents: Jay T. Will, Dan Inosanto (and seven other top jeet kune do instruc: tors), Steve Sanders, Larry Tatum, Frank Trejo, Refugio Flores, Marion Bermudez, Alin Mack, Larry Kelley and even Steve Fisher, who studied under Steve Sanders. My advanced studies with Parker have increased the scope of my knowl: ‘edge and ability to convey that knowl- edge with tools like the alphabet of motion. The benefit of these studies warrant my traveling to California from Chicago three times a year. My im- provement has been great enough to earn my own spot in the regional ratings. You, sir, have obviously never GRAND MASTER MARTIAL ARTS CO. "Gran Mota Ug Cn Dory — Gee of buce Loe'sovorte {Gabbe Cons pret pou Seas, ‘no Oe Ops ome ore 9A ce ot fends fr Marae or hung Fu styes, Races [Sar ufmocneing trations £0850. AARCHS SOLD SEPARATELY 2 Pig tock oi is $49.95. ‘oreo te durmies (tre tarcng). techs toro fe Pote-Rock" for schools holds "—Queity seat 300 oe pore nc nse) progrenive arcing. S98 a a Rs 6% Foren 0% Order of Coshers Check To: ‘GARND RASTER MARTIAC ANTS SHIPPING: 0, TIS West Graves, Monterey Pork, cA 91754 OHARA ICATIONS, INC Bruce Lee's Fighting Method ‘by Brace Lod MLUpeara 1847 W. Epi Burbank, CA STSwitnessed a seminar or actual demon- stration of Mr. Parker's system. Kenpo seminars are being held all over the country. Hopefully you will have a ‘chance to see one in your area. If not, we're having one in Chicago in April Lee Wediaker, Jr. Hickory Hills, IL A Lot of Flak | have been reading BLACK BELT magazine for a number of years now ‘and have always thought you were OK. But this time you really blew it. | am referring of course to the editorial in the November 1980 issue. You make it sound as if all selfpromoted black belts are idiots that don’t know what they are doing. | myself invented my ‘own style of karate, kung fu and box- ing and promoted myself to biack bolt ‘and | assure you that | am as good a fighter as any black belt that wasted his time ané money taking classes from a master. | tried taking classes from a regular karate school once and when | took my first test he flunked ‘me, said my punches and kicks were weak and sloppy. | have read a lot of books on fighting and have done some boxing with some friends of mine so | know he didn't know what he was talk- ing about. | told him to take his schoo! and do you know what with it and ‘opened my own school. Now | have almost as many students as he does ‘now (sic). Inmy school we don't waste ‘our time learning katas and junk like that. We just learn how to fight. We don't go to any karate tournaments be- ‘cause they aren't teal fights. There (Gic) just a game of tag where no one really gets hurt. But| know that any of my students can beat up any student in the other karate schools anywhere. | {get a lot of flak trom some of the other Diack belts in town like you did to the kid in your article but that is just be- cause they’te jeleous (sic) because it took them years to get their own school and | got one right away. But if they are as really as good as they think they are, they would meet et some bar some night and fight me for real. So you see not everybody has to waste their time and money for years just to learn how to fight. Rick K. Champaign, IL been signed Your comments would ha more persuasive if you hat your name and address. Yes, some people are naturalborn stieetighters. Nevertheless, 0 say that training with a competent instruc- toris necessarily awaste of times ab- surd—you may think you look good, but if you have no one to compare yourself against, your point of view is unrealistic. Furthermore, there af ‘many benefits of the martial arts other than learning how to fight. Fighting is not the goal ofa true martial artist, but learning how to avoid fighting is.~Ed. More Judo Since | started reading BB about a year and a half ago, I have seen only a couple of articles dealing with the art of judo, Why is this $0? | would ap- preciate more articles on this widely- practiced martial art. David DiGiammarino New Castle, PA Actually, BLACK BELT has included nine articles on judo and judo pract: tioners in the past 14 months in addi- tion to printing results of judo com- petitions from around the world in our Times section. There will be more on Judo as material becomes available in the future. —Ed. nm NOW! on your newsstand Dear Bruce Lee Bruce Lee the actor, Bruce Lee the fighter, Bruce Lee the man; Dear Bruce Lee gives the reader insight nto all tree. Collected trom the fies of FIGHTING STARS, BLACK BELT and KARATE ILLUSTRATED ‘these are thebestof the letters to and from Bruce Lee Code No. 407 $7.95 omen sonncerog ne ura cpa pos eensSHAPE UP YOUR LIBRARY SPOMS - MED ForThe Active People THE COMPLETE RUNNER By the editors of Runner's World Rea tty St Cover pat Price: $4.95 SM-1 “The frst book for everyone who runs—sprinters miles, marathoners, Jog ‘gers—a comprehensive ex erly-untten guide that all put you abreast ofthe star. ting new dscoveries in physiology, equipment, and technique, and ‘make your running faster. healthier, and. more fun, ‘THE WEST POINT FITNESS AND DIET BOOK By Colonel James L. Anderson and Martin Cohen gy sot coer 299900 Price: $3.95 SM.2 The most comprehensive and individualized fess book ever published. 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L.T.: INTERVAL TRAINING FOR LIFETIME FITNESS By Edward L. Fox, Ph.D., Donald K. Mathews. D.P.E., and Jeffrey Bairstow Price: $8.95 SM-1 Dont “doit unlit huts” anymore. No longer will ‘exercising have to be a painful experience. The Interval Training for Life time Funess program will show you how to get more out of any exercise you do, from tennis and swimming to bieyeling and jogging — fversthing. The key to achieving fitness i the exerise-t-rest ratio outlined by the authors. Fading this book ull he'p you develop your ‘own personalized, highly efficient traning pro- gram that you wll beable to revise and follow for a ifetime. iaioeRine RUNNING WITHOUT PAIN By Raymond Bridge Sof Cove 23 pass Price: $5.95 SM-8 Runners are traditionally TE in etter shape than the average American. But, unfortunately, they are ao mar inuy pone (ow Raymond Bridge SEER ols you how to deal with and treat every pain and injury known the running world. Bridge writes about avoiding nagging irures as well os success fully geting back on your feet after a evo Whether youte @ novice or an exper, whether you run everyday or once in a vile, in hot o cold weather. day or night, Running Without Pain is for you SUZY PRUDDEN’S SPOT REDUCING PROGRAM By Suzy Prudden and Jeffrey Sussman on mage Price: $6.95 SM-9 Leam to develop the body you wart, and let Susy Prudden help you. J, Using more than 300 J photographs, Suzy Prudden’s Spot Redue ing Program shows you how to successully tighten, tone and reduce ‘every partof your body. The authortative and tested routines contained nthe program have made countless women simmer and mote at- tractive In just three weeks, folowing the pro” gram step-by-sep, you can have a flabree ody with Susy Prudden & Spot Reducing Pro ara. ‘SUZY PRUDDEN'SBUSTER CRABBE’S ARTHRITIS EXERCISE BOOK By Buster Crabbe with Raphael Uni now the common pi: losophy has been that ar ths sulerers must resign themselves toa dreary fe of inactivity and discom: fort But Buster Crate demonstrates that i: mobilizing the body only aggravate the vicious artxtis eycl: In tying to avod pain, people te strc ther movement, but the resuling inactivity causes more sfness, more pain, By conscient- tously following the step-by-step exercie rou tines introduced here (the rows wll be 20 en ‘couraging, dedication wil come easly) you can now slowly ease stfness,resiore easicty, and reduce pain RATING THE EXERCISES By Charles T. Kunizleman Sot Cover ue Price: $3.95 SM-11 Here, forthe frst tine, 0 ‘book’ that cempares and evaluates every major exer: 50 program on the mar ket, from aerebics to yoga How much exercise is encugh? How do various spars rank as exerise? Which is best: oggirg, \sometrics, saunas ot exercise machines? How can you avoid sitfess? What Is “otal” fines? ‘Above al, hat i the bet plan foe you? fruies [cy 6 ISSUES USE THIS ORDER FORM FOR SPORTS-MED SOOKS OMLY a essai ee toe peat SHAPING UP By Sidney Filson 7) ure Cover SM-12, Price:$10.95 P| For those people who fitng| ant gt themsees Into shape. bur don't have the time to do anything about it, Sidney SES) | Pon has dewsed a series of simple exercises ‘you can do at Home or inthe offce fer ten to fiteen mines each day. In just one month, youll he able to frm up a saggy area or tem down a lumpy one. 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It wil pay for Itelf many times over by J sing worry, expense, and ‘even physical disabty, Dr. Dorringues clearly describes all the com mon spots injuries that occur to every part ofthe body, sing dastations to dary his decusson He explains how each injury affect the body, and then tls hew to determine its seriousness and treat ‘THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF WALKING | by Bill Gale Price: si9me $5.95 SM-15 Wallang. i's one of the easiest, most natural \waysto exercise, and Bill Gale, a self-proclaimed uwalkaholi, tells you how to make it work for you walking asa sign of love sensory walking, race waking, long-distance walking, walkingas a tranquilizer, walkingand weight contol, and walking tous of 12 Amer: lean ets, from Atlanta to Washington. With The Wonderful World of Walking, you'll learn the step-by-step approach to conquering the world CONSUMER GUIDE TO A FLATTER STOMACH By Charles T. Kuntaleman and the Editors of Consumer Guide Price: $2.50 sM-i6 The Consumer Guide to 2 Flater Stomach is for those who are tired of sucking in the gu or sing age san excuse for an ex panding waistline. Fitness ‘expert Charles Kuntze ‘ran and the Editors of Consumer Guide outline the best, most effecive exerckes and diets esigned to help you take inches off fom your seaging middle end develop the muscles that wil give you the tim, narrow wale of a movie star or the fat, hard gut of an athlete. amare Watch for new additions to our SPORTS-MED library in future leeuee of BLACK BELT, KARATE ILLUSTRATED and FIGHTING STARS magazines.OHARA PUBLICATIONS, INC. M A stylish blend of the martial arts and the spiritual lite style of the people who were forced by history to be come the mysterious warrior wizards of feudal Japan. Eloquently written by the first non-Japanese Shidoshi in the 34-generation histor poakure Ayu ninjutsu tradition CODE NO. 411 $65 Pe Bisley Gi aid NINJA & eT Contd rm sane 20 pected but this may have been due to the fact that they both moved up @ weight class since the Olympics. Compatition was summarized by a spectator when he said, “It doesn't ‘mean anything anymore to be Japanese,” True, Japan won seven out of the eight gold medals a able, but it was by no means an easy task and it must be remembered that although the Canada Cup wes without doubt the best International tournament that Canada has ‘ever hosted, other top level countries such as East Germany and USSR were not present. How would the Japanese have fared against their Olympic champions? True, not all of the Japanese competitors at this tournament were tirststring but then, some of them were. A few years ago any Japanese whether he was first, second or third-string was a force with which to be reckoned. To lose to Japan by only a kona ina world championship was a great honor. Rarely was any Jap- anese satisfied with a win by anything less than /ppon or wazari. While the rest of the world is gradually catching up to vapan in superiority on the mats, it Is also evident that there is something wrong on the homefront too. Provincially, Ontario did quite well winning three gold land five bronze medals. Kevin Doherty did a superb job of denying Japan a full slate of gold medals and Brenda ‘Quaegebeur stunned the audience with a beautiful ippon in hor final match. Tina Takahashi came out of her division a winner as she has done so many times in the past. RESULTS: CONG: ¥-Morvah 1:C. Weldon 2 P Takahashi 3. ~054G:K Kashivasai 1 @. ce oat Toy = 7KG:T Namen Ooo 2.8 Sik TOKE Cc Ba FR'Vashon 2 Pacheco + SBKG! | nT fakanaen 5, Trion? 2O.Logos ~ SAG: Binge N Hr ne XO Nore, Mato 6 Pare 2. aon bares 15th Sears-AAU/JUSA Junior Olympic Games WINSTON-SALEM, NC—Wake Forest University and the City of Winston-Salem have been selected to host the 15th Sears-AAUIUSA Junior Olympic Games, August 6-9, 1981. The announcement was made jointly by North Carolina Governor James B. Hunt, Winston-Salem Mayor Wayne Cor- pening and Wake Forest Athletic Director Dr. Gene Hooks. AAU Officials expect 2,500 athletes to compete in the four-day event, America’s largest amateur multisport na- tional championship. The 1981 sports lineup will include basketball, boxing, gymanstics, judo, synchronized swim- ming, table tennis, track and field, water polo and wrestling. "We believe these games will be of significant benefit to our city and our university,” Dr. Hooks said. "We welcome the opportunity to host this prestigious national event. We are pleased that the AAU has recognized our excellent athletic facilities and deemed them ideal for this national event. The sports will be held mostly on the Wake Forest cam- pus. Gymnastics, basketball, table tennis and synchronized swimming will be held at the Williams N. Reynolds Gym-YIP MAN: Responsible for training the most celebrated martial artist of all time—Bruce Lee—wing chung ‘masiet Yip Man appeared regulary in BLACK BELT until nis death in 1972. MAS YAMA: Born in 1913, Mas Oyama’s tard: ionalist approach to Kyokushin karate iminternational recognition as one of the tongman of the martial ats MORIME! UYESHIBA: Born in 1883, Uyeahiba culminated a 70-year study itual and martial disciplines of JIGORO KANO: Graduating trom Tokyo University in the class of 1881, sigoro Kano developed the “gente: manly” art of judo that has enjoyed popularity throughout i A WINNING TRADITION—For 20 years, BLACK BELT has brought you the strongmen, the innovative thinkers, the fighters and philosophers. To find out about the champions of tomorrow— SUBSCRIBE 10 BLACK BELT BLACK BELT 1845 W. Empire Ave., Burbank CA 91504 Yes | would lke to save on the newsstand price. Included in this subscription is 12 monthly issues of BLACK BELT plus the BLACK BELT YEARBOOK 1 Year (12issues + Yearbook) $21.00. saves. 2 Years (24 issues + Yearbook) $42.00. sow $1070. Check enclosed: Charge tomy: C1BankAmericardvisa MasterCard FOREIGN COUNTRIES: Plesse submit Inti. 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VOL 12,No.2Judcka Bil Sarr Shas Other Ako’ Gol Leader YOU. 12, NO. 2: Commonsense orimercialism o% ‘steve “Arm: Strong: Kumite Champ Bob Camp. batt Bling Rarete Students: Mi Bits Expo King Fuistructor Wal Hong. Jud as aReligion YOL. 12, NO. 8:Chuck Nowis Today: Nida Soldier dim: Veena, Be layee “Death” Touen;. Png "Pong Haphido: Physclans: Maral Arts ‘Asboctation’§ animals of Rung Fu VOL. 12. NO. € Kung Fu Ragior Kick Punches J High Kor dota Keiko Fukud; Aligo's Pki Roger Soden Fist Awards ot Re faint Judo Federation Changes VOL, 12, NO. 7 Karate in Prisons: {sdoxa tommy Masterson Rung Pu Instructor Norman Pedolshore. Ka: fateka Mike Warten: Rendtvouson Buse Mountain VOL. 12, NO. % Maia 03 90 dapan “Katie ‘Chonpios ila sudo Champ fon Barube YOL 12, NO. 10: Judoka Chaves ier, Japanese. Karate Gi BLACK BELT Hal ea Word Fighters; American Kung Fu omit: Fist ARU Wemens Sha. 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Haplet; AkrJulltou Teaches Gombat, Boje Acclaonts YOU. 15, NO. 16 Miko Sione & Srowcase™ Martial “Aris; Ioraelt Solder Uses Kung Fu tor Pe Howto Contend’Witn ‘aches & Pains; Working Out With Television Beeulis of A sapan WAU Jugs Championships VOL. 18, NO. 4: Atsault on Aape— Part 1! Young Jo & Tae Kwon Oo; Zaten' Meditation, Safety against Aeslors: Fomor Asana, Judo Gfamplon Takano Yavkava, The e IRNO fret soy wt ‘saul on Rape-Part 2 shoril Kenpo in America, Promoting Yout re Schoo! chi Runge MotRer Ar of chine Vol. 16, NO. 7: Jeong Sook Lee & US, Tang Seo Do Moo Duk Kwan Fasiraton; Seitvegiestion in Mer Yok, te Sn Jn Sig tts doen Rane Sonora er ge Senet Soiecmian oiites Ths VOL. 16, NO. 11: Tang S00 Do in Kosa’ t ArerleaFoutder Hwang Kee HG" eng: Bay Imada Hawalian Jusoka: Olymple Karate ‘Tetwo hayashi; KARATE—Survval In and Ride in, Part I Kong. Fu Champion Cynthia Rotirock, Ninja range tor : VOL. 15,60. 10 YOR 18,NO. 5 Vou 16.n0. & OL 18,NO. 2ay gs | BRE VOL 17,NO. 7 VOL. 17, No. 10 VOL 18.NO. 8 Bigg k BELT voins.No. 8 eo a "VOL HT.NO. 8 VoL 17. No. tt WoL 14.NO. 3 voL 14,NO.12 VOL 38,NO 32 Achiedngalarce | VOL. 17.NO. @: Karate in te Nv | VOL. 18, NO, 2 Toe Langan of Inée Rone Tenasea eect. | Sew: Aan Mw specie Yeotriaues | Pyang Ai iseol Kerio, on niques Kaatoka Joico Meo and. | GIxenpo(winea Panan.Ninitsu- | Kher, rdoPagtun!» Weapons Rolo Mitchum: Unted Nations | St‘of Steath; tragiang shiv | Copal aspects of Salroetonse i Karate Club Kung Fu Practitioners. | Bewloping Shi; Technique or KI?,_| jufes In dudo ang Aikido, Com- ater’ Ralsion and Pat Hodges: | The Hazard of Kendo. onenta of Power: Kenpo and Tour Akidolst Akira Toh Rament Training. YOU 17, NO. 10: Sie; Naa rs Stone IueArrves:Ia Japan its Ther Lite | Xooes Kaos sr iasisity s2ce, op arse Coron: Gi | Bengored whats a Nice Ge Like | lice ty Paice: Maral As St. Beadle demanewaraite | Haptsiocs™ genine Soke oa Me ter cae Are. | Malia Ane Hado Mo a " Wor, 7, No. care sna | YOU IR AG eet OY VOL. 17, NO. 2 New Concepts ior pene, Nace Vane oe bed ‘Aris; Cuong Nhy, and How: Mattel anist Gaining Confidence 1 tho Hh Cu Kenda Yeaching Tractional Tap Kwon Oo, | Yrnougn Jud. Martiatarts in OOK Sete Se eee ereearcarlae’ te | ReRmncrnenlcs STN, | tte ante Kawa Non Moo Buk Kwan and Tang S00 Do; | a"Song' “training. inthe ‘Karate arial art. Ps Streaer ae 0k 0. Te Moan “ Vol 47, MO. 12: Litting the vei with | Deadly Weapons of Old Japan; Dojo ‘Kenpo; Street Fighting in the ‘Sparring ajuryu: Basic Kicks; ything Goes in Japan Full Ballet Training Speedy SeltDe- OL. 17, NO. 1: 1078 Hall of Far Fre Poe ot i Karate ny bite, Studie & igurmament insur YOL. 17, NO. 4: The New Frentierof sei oe dnaets oe : Rees eae Do; Kata Versus Combat; The ‘sensible Sstations jo | YOU. 18, NO. 8: Chuck Norts; Jul: nese ane the Mart YOU, 17, NO, & Byung Ho coi on | fear Samur Wntangnietae se dence’ Connection, Pui: Fiascivon fang Sobor ice Ouye | YOU: "8, NO. x Tas, mon, Oo fon & Mysteries of Chi Hayward | Where are its Roots’; Iehiban— ton, & Mvstores of Ci: Hayward | Pour Gympie Tisning Canes tor | VOL. 18, NO. & Kajskonbo Kerpo Mamet of teu fete! Por | 2938 The Kran th Ory | Tw Sant Sword Pasar feeton Tiraigh 7a CH fopJugoka nA ti AAG hon! “the Youngest nce Biack Bel In Amesica: Tho Thmin | Powe Povceptual Timing. 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