DEPARTAMENTO DE ELCTRICA Y ELECTRNICA

TAREA
ASIGNATURA: PROCESAMIENTO DIGITAL DE SEALES
TEMA: TRANSFORMADA Z
CARRERA: ELECTRNICA E INSTRUMENTACIN
3.1 Determine la transformada Z, incluyendo su regin de convergencia, de las
siguientes secuencias
(a)

1 n
u[n]
2

()

1 n n
1 n
1 1
1 2
Z =
=1+
+
+.
2
2Z
2Z
n=0 2 Z

()

( ) ( ) ( )

X [ Z ]=
n=0

( )
1
2Z
1
1
2Z

( )

X ( Z ) =1

1
1

1
2Z

|21Z|<1
|Z|> 1/2
1 n

u [ n1 ]
(b)
2

()

2 Z + ( 2 Z ) 1 + ( 2 Z ) 2+

1 n n

Z = ( 2 Z )n=
2
n=1

()

X [ Z ]=

n =

X ( Z ) =2 Z

1( 2 Z ) 2 Z
1
=
=
12 Z
12 Z
1
1
2Z

|2 Z|<1
|Z|< 1/2

(c)

1 n
u [ n ]
2

()

1+ ( 2 Z )1+ ( 2 Z )2+

n n
( 2 ) Z =
0
1 n n
Z =
2
n=

()

X [ Z ]=
n=

X ( Z ) =1

1 (2 Z )
1
=
12 Z
2
1
Z

|2 Z|<1

|Z|<

(d)

1
2

[n]
1

X [ Z ]=

[ n ] Zn=1

n=

|Z|=CUALQUIER VALOR
(e)

( n1 ]

X [ Z ]=

[ n1 ] Z n= [11] Z(1)=Z1

n=

|Z|> 0
(f)

( n+1 ]

X [ Z ]=

[ n+1 ] Zn= [1+1 ] Z(1)=Z 1

n=

<|Z|<

(g)

1 n
(u [ n ] u [ n10 ] )
2

()
n

1 n
1
1
1
Z =
= 1+
+
+
2
2Z
2Z
n=0 2 Z

()

( )

( ) ( )

X [ Z ] =
n=0

10

( )
1
2Z
1
1
2Z

( )

X ( Z ) =1

|Z|> 0
3.2 Determine la transformada Z de la secuencia

x [ n ]= n , 0 n N 1
N ,N n

x [ n ]=nu [ n ] ( nN ) u [nN ]
Z [ X ] =Z [ u [ n ] ] Z [ ( nN ) u [ nN ] ]

d
Z [ u [ n ] ] =Z

( 1Z1 ) =Z
1

dz

Z2

Z1

( 1Z )

( 1Z 1 )

=
1 2

Z [ ( nN ) u [ nN ] ]
m=nN

y [ m ] =mu [ m ]

Y [ Z ]=

1
2

( 1Z1 )

Z [ ( nN ) u [ nN ] ]=Z N

=
1 2

( 1Z )

1N

( 1Z1 )

X [ Z ]=

( 1Z1 )

1N

( 1Z1 )

=
2

1
N
Z ( 1Z )
2

( 1Z 1 )

|Z|> 1
3.3 Determine la transformada Z de las siguientes secuencias. Incluya en las
respuestas la regin de convergencia en el plano Z, y dibuje el diagrama polo-cero.
Exprese todas las sumas en forma cerrada; puede ser complejo.
x a [ n ] =|n| , 0<| |<1

(a)

|n|

x a [ n ] =

|n|= n+ n

X a [ Z ] = Z + n Z n
n

n=0

n=

1( Z )
1
Z =1+ Z + Z + .=1 1 Z1 = 1 Z 1
n=0
n

n=

n Zn= n Z n= 1 Z 1 + 2 Z2 + .=Z

X a [ Z ]=

n=1

1( Z )
Z
=
1
1Z
1 Z

Z ( 1Z ) +Z ( Z )
1
Z
Z
Z
+
=
+
=
1
1Z Z 1Z
( Z )( 1Z )
1 Z

z (1 2)
Z 2 Z
=
( Z )( 1Z ) ( Z ) ( 1Z )

|1 |

| |<|Z|<

(b)

x b [ n ] = 1 , 0 || N1
0 ,en elresto

1( Z 1 )
1ZN
1 Z =1+ Z + Z + .=1
=
1Z 1
1Z1
n

N1

xb [ n]=
n=0

Z N 1
ZN

Z 1
Z

(c)

n , 0 n N
x c [ n ] = 2 N n N +1 n 2 N
0, en elresto

X c [ n ] =nu [ n ] nu [ n( N +1 ) ] + ( 2 N n ) u [ n ( N + 1 ) ]( 2 N n ) u [ n( 2 N +1 ) ]

X c [ n ] =nu [ n ] nu [ n( N +1 ) ] +2 Nu [ n( N + 1 ) ]nu [ n( N + 1 ) ] 2 Nu [ n( 2 N +1 ) ] +nu [ n( 2 N + 1 ) ]

X c [ n ] =z

d
1
d z(N +1 ) 2 Nz (N +1 )
d z( N +1) 2 Nz( 2 N +1)
d z(2 N +1 )
+
z
+
+
z

z
dz 1z 1
dz 1z1 1z1
dz 1z 1
dz 1z1
1z1

) (

(1z1)(( N +1)) z ( N +2)

z( N +1) ( z2)
(1z1)(( N +1)) z ( N +2)
z( N +1) ( z2)
(1z1 )((2 N +1)) z (2 N+ 2)
z(2 N+1 ) ( z2 )
( N +1)
(1z 1)
2 Nz( 2 N +1) (1z 1 )
( z 2 )
1 2 2 N z
1 2
(
)
(
)
(

1z
+
)
(

1z

) z ( ( 1z 1 )
X c [ n ] =z
+z
+z
1 2
1 2
1 2
(
)
(
)
1z
1z
( 1z )

X c [ n ]=

z12 ( 1z1 ) z(N +1 )2 z ( N +2) + ( 1z 1 ) z(2 N +1) + z(2 N +2 )

2

( 1z 1 )

X c [ n ]=

( N+1 )

z 2 z

( N +2)

+2z

( N +2 )

2 z

( 2 N+1 )

+z

( 1z1 )

X c [ n]=

( 2 N +2 )

( 2 N+2 )

+z

z1 (12 zN + z2 N )

X c [ n ]=

( 1z1 )

z1 (1 zN )2

( 1z 1 )

3.6. A continuacin se presentan varias transformadas Z. Para cada una de ellas

determine la transformada inversa utilizando los mtodos de descomposicin en
fracciones simples y desarrollo en series de potencia. Adems, indique en cada casi si
existe la transformada de Fourier.

a X ( z )=

1
1
|z|>
1 1
2
1+ z
2

1 1
1 1+ z
2
1
1
1
1
1 z1 1 z1+ z2 z3
2
2
4
8
1 1 1 2
z + z
2
4
1 2 1 3
z z
4
8
n

1
tenemos la serie compacta :( ) =x [n]
2

b x [ z ]=

1
1
,|z|<
1 1
2
1+ z
2

1 1
1 1+ z
2
1
1
1
1
1 z1 1 z1+ z2 z3
2
2
4
8

+1 1 1 2
z + z
2
4

1
0 z 1
2

+1 2
z
4
1 2 1 3
z z
4
8
1 3
z
8
+1 3 1 4
z + z
8
16

0+

1 4
z
16
1
1
1
X [ z ]=1 z1 + z2 z3
2
4
8

1
1
1
x [ n ]=1 [ n1 ] + [ n2 ] + [ n3 ]
2
4
8
1 n
u [n1 ]
2

( )

x [ n ]=

|z|>

1
2

1
1 z1
2
c
3
1
1+ z1 + z 2
4
8
Por fracciones parciales:

1 1
1 z
2
A
B
=
+
3 1 1 2
1 1
1
1+ z + z
1+ z
1+ z1
4
8
4
2
1
1
1
1 z1= A 1+ z1 + B(1+ z1)
2
2
4

1
1 z1= A +
2

1 1
1
z + B+B z1
2
4

A + B=1
1 A B
= +
2
2 4
A=3 ; B=4

3
4
+
1 1
1 1
1+ z
1+ z
4
2
n

( ) ( )

1
1
x [ n ]=3
+4
4
2
Por divisin

1 1
3
1
1 z 1+ z 1 + z2
2
4
8
3
1
5
3
1
1 z1 z2 1 z1+ z2 + z3 + .
4
8
4
16
64

5 1 1 2
z z
4
8
5 1 15 2 5 3
z + z + z
4
16
32
3 2 5 3
z + z
16
32
3 2 9 3 3 4
z z
z
16
64
128
1 3 3 4
z
z
64
128
1 3 3 4 1 5
z
z
z
64
256
512
5
3
1
x [ n ]= [ n ] [ n1 ] + [ n2 ] + [n3]
4
16
64
1
1 z1
2
1
d x [ z ]=
,z
1
2
1 z 2
4

X [ z ]=

X [ z ]=

1
1 z1
2
1
1
(1 z1)(1+ z1 )
2
2
1
1
(1+ z 1 )
2

X [ n ]=

e x [ z ]=

( )

1
u [ n]
2

1a z1
1
,z
1
a
z a

x [ z ]=

1a z1
a+ z1
1

x ( z )=

x ( z )=

x ( z )=

1a z
1
a 1 z1
a

1
1 1
a 1 z
a

az
1 1
a 1 z
a

) (

1
z 1
+
1
1
a 1 z1
1 z1
a
a

)(

x [ n ]=

1 1
1
u [ n ]+
a a
a

()

(n1)

()

u[n1]

3.7 La entrada de un sistema causal e invariante con el tiempo es

n

x [ n ]=u [n1 ] +

1
u [n ]
2

()

La transformada Z de la salida del sistema es

Y [ Z ]=

1 1
Z
2

(1 12 Z ) (1+Z
1

a) Determine H [Z], la transformada Z de la respuesta al impulso del sistema.

Asegrese de especificar la regin de convergencia.
X (Z )=

1
1
+
1
1 1
1Z
1 Z
2

1 1
1 1
1
1+ Z +1Z
Z
2
2
X (Z )=
=
1 1
1
( 1Z ) 1 Z
( 1Z1 ) 1 1 Z1
2
2

1
<|Z|<1
2

H ( Z )=

Y (Z)
X (Z )

1 1
Z
2
1
1 Z ) ( 1+Z
(
2
H ( Z )=
1

1 1
Z
2
( 1Z 1 ) 1 1 Z1
2

( 1Z1 )
=
( 1+Z 1 )

|Z|> 1
b) Cul es la regin de convergencia de Y(Z)?
1 1
Z
2
Y ( Z )=
1
1 Z1 ( 1+ Z1 )
2

|Z|> 1
c) Determine y[n]

1 1
Z
2

(1 12 Z ) (1+ Z ) (
1

A
B
+
1 1 ( 1+ Z1 )
1 Z
2

1 1
Z
2
1
A=
Z=
1
2
( 1+ Z )

A=

1
3

1 1
Z
2
B=
Z=1
1 1
1 Z
2

B=1

Y ( Z )=

1
1
+
1
1
3 1 Z1 3 ( 1+ Z )
2

y [n ]=

1 1
1
n
u [ n ] + (1 ) u [n ]
3 2
3

()

3.8 La funcin de transferencia de un sistema lineal, invariante con el tiempo y causal

es
1
1z
(
)
H z=
3
1+ z1
4

La entrada al sistema es
x [ n ]=

1 n
u [ n ] +u [n1]
3

()

a) Calcule la respuesta al impulso del sistema, h[n]

H ( z )=

1
z 1

=
3
3
1+ z1 1+ z1
4
4

3 n
3
u [ n]
4
4

()

n1

( )

u[n1]

b) Calcule la salida y[n]

1
1

1 1 1z 1
1 z
3

X ( z )=

1 1
1
1z 1+ z
3
X ( z )=
1
1 z 1 ( 1z1 )
3

2 z
1 1
1
3 1 z ( 1 z )
3

X ( z )=

1
<|z|<1
3

H ( z )=

X ( z)
Y (Z )

Y ( z ) =X ( z ) H (z )

Y (z)=

2 z1
1z1

3 1
1
3 1 z1 ( 1z1 ) 1+ z
4
3

Y (z)=

2 1
z
3

(1 13 z )( 1+ 34 z ) (
1

A=

B=

B=

B=

2 1
z
3

( 1z 1 ) 1+ 3 z1

Z=

A
B
+
1 1
3 1
1 z
1+ z
3
4

)(

1
3

8
3
2 1
z
3

( 1z1 ) 1 3 z1

Z=

3
4

8
13

Y (z)=

8
8
+
1
3
13 1 z1 13 1+ z 1
3
4

) (

8 1 n
8 3 n
x [ n ]=
u [n ]+
u [ n]
13 3
13 4

()

( )

c) Es estable el sistema? Es h[n] absolutamente sumable?

ROC

|Z|>

3
4

Circulo de radio 1 est dentro de la ROC por tanto es estable y no absolutamente sumable
3.9 Un sistema LTI causal tiene como respuesta al impulso
Z es
H [ z ]=

1+ z 1
1
1
(1 z 1 )(1+ z 1 )
2
4

a Cul es la regin de convergenciade H ( z)?

H ( z )=

A
B
+
1
1
1 z1
1+ z1
2
4

)(

1
1
1+ z1 =A 1+ z1 + B 1 z1
4
2

1
1+ z1=0
4
1

z =4

) (

h [ n] .

Su transformada

1
1
1+(4 )= A 1+ (4) + B 1 (4)
4
2

) (

3=B (1+2 )
B=1
1
1 z1=0
2
1

z =2
1
1
1+(2)= A 1+ (2) + B 1 (2)
4
2

) (

( 12 )

3= A 1+
A=2

H ( z )=

2
1

1
1
1 z1
1+ z1
2
4

) (

1 1
z <1
2

|z|>

1
2

1 1
z <1
4

|z|>

1
4

entonces se tiene que

ROC|z|>

1
2

b Es estable el sistema ? Explique

La ROC incluye el circulo de radio 1

c Obtenga la transformada Z X ( z)de la entrada x [n]que produce lasalida

1 1
4 n
y [n ]=
u [ n ] ( 2 ) u [n1]
3 4
3

( )

Y [ z ]=

1
3

1
4
1
+
1
3 12 z 1
1+ z1
4

1
( 12 z 1 ) + 4 1+ 1 z 1
3
3
4
Y [ z ]=
1
1+ z1 ( 12 z1)
4

Y [ z ]=

1+ z

(1+ 14 z ) (12 z
1

Y [ z ] =H [ z ]X [ z ]
X [ z ]=

Y [z ]
H [ z]
1+ z 1

1
1+ z ) ( 12 z
(
4
X [ z ]=
1

1+ z 1

(1 12 z )(1+ 14 z )
1

1
1 z1
2
X [ z ]=
1
12 z
1
x [ n ]=(2)n u [ n1 ] + (2)n2 u[n]
2

d Obtenga la respuestaal impulsoh [n]del sistema

H ( z )=

2
1

1 1
1 1
1 z
1+ z
2
4

) (

h [ n ] =2

1
1
u [ n]
u [n ]
2
4

()

( )

3.12. Dibuje el diagrama polo-cero de cada una de las siguientes transformadas Z y

sombree la regin de convergencia:
1
1 z 1
2
a X 1 ( z) =
Regin de convergencia:|z|<2
1
1+2 z

b X 2 [ z ]=

c X 3 [ z ]=

1
1 z1
3
1
2
(1+ z1)(1 z1)
2
3

x 2 [n ]causal

1+ z1 2 z2
x 3[n]absolutamente sumable
13 1 2
(1 z + z )
6

3.16. Cuando la entrada a un sistema LTI es

x [ n ]=

1 n
u [ n ] +(2n )u [n1]
3

()

La salida correspondiente es
n

y [ n ] =5

1
2
u [ n ] 5
u[n1]
3
3

()

()

a Obtenga lafuncin de transferencia H (z) . Dibuje sus polos y ceros e

indique la regin de convergencia

Y [ z ] =H [ z ]X [ z ]
H [ z ]=

Y [z]
X[ z]
n

1
n
x [ n ]=
u [ n ] + (2 ) u[n1]
3

()

X ( z )=

1
1

1
1
1 z1 12 z
3

1 1
1
12 z 1+ z
3
X ( z )=
1 1
1
1 z ( 12 z )
3

X ( z )=

5 1
z
3

(1 13 z )(12 z
1

y [ n ] =5

1 n
2 n
u [ n ] 5
u[n]
3
3

()

Y [ z]=

()

51
51

1 1
2 1
1 z
1 z
3
3

10 1
5 1
z 5+ z
3
3
Y [ z]=
1 1
2 1
1 z
1 z
3
3
5

Y [ z]=

)(

5 1
z
3

(1 13 z )(1 23 z )
1

H [ z]=

Y [ z]
X[ z]
5 1
z
3

1
2
1 z )(1 z )
(
3
3
H (z)=
1

5 1
z
3

( 1 13 z ) (12 z
1

H (z)=

12 z
2
1 z1
3

b Obtenga la respuesta alimpulso h[ n]del sistema

1

H (z)=

H ( z )=

12 z
2
1 z1
3

1
2z1

2
2
1 z 1 1 z1
3
3

2 n
2
h [ n]=
u [ n ]2
3
3

()

n1

()

u [ n1 ]

c Escriba una ecuacinen diferencias que sea verificada por las

seales de entrada y de salida .

y [ n ] =5

1 n
2 n
u [ n ] 5
u[n]
3
3

()

()

Para n=0

y [ 0 ] =5

1 0
2 0
u [ 0 ] 5
u[0]
3
3

()

()

y [ 0 ] =5(1)(1)5(1)( 1)
y [ 0 ] =0

Para n=1

y [ 1 ] =5

1 1
2 1
u [ 1 ] 5
u[1]
3
3

()

()

y [ 1 ] =5

y [1]=

( 13 )5( 23 )

5
3

Para n=2

1 2
2 2
y [ 2 ]=5
u [ 2 ] 5
u[2]
3
3

()

y [ 2 ]=5

()

( 19 )5 ( 49 )

y [ 2 ]=

15
9

y [ 2 ]=

5
3

n=3
y [ 3 ] =5

y [ 3 ] =5

1 3
2 2
u [ 3 ]5
u [3 ]
3
3

()

( 271 )5( 278 )

y [3 ]=

35
27

()

n=4
4

y [ 4 ]=5

y [ 4 ]=5

y [ 4 ]=

()

()

( 811 )5( 1681 )

75
81

y [ 4 ]=

y [n ]=

1
2
u [ 4 ] 5
u [4]
3
3

25
27

5
5
35
25
[ n1 ] [ n2 ] [ n3 ] [n4 ]
3
3
27
27

d Es el sistema estable ? Es causal ?

Y [ z]=

5 1
z
3

(1 13 z )(1 23 z )
1

El sistema es estable y causal porquela ROC se incluye en el circulo

de radio 1
3.18 Un sistema LTI causal tiene como funcin de transferencia
H ( Z )=

1+2 Z 1 +Z 2
1
1+ Z1 ( 1Z1 )
2

(a) Obtenga la respuesta al impulso del sistema h[n]

(b) Obtenga la salida del sistema, y[n], cuando la entrada es
(a)
x [ n ]=e

( 2 )n
1

H ( Z )=

1+2 Z +Z
1 1
1
1+ Z ( 1Z )
2

1+2 Z + Z
Z +3
A
B
=2+
=2+
+
1 1 1 2
1 1 1 2
1 1 ( 1Z1)
1 Z Z
1 Z Z
1+ Z
2
2
2
2
2

A=

Z1 +3
1
Z=
1
2
( 1Z )

A=

1
3

Z1+3
8
B=
Z=
3
1
1+ Z 1
2

H ( Z )=2+

1
8
+
1
1
3 1+ Z1 3 ( 1Z )
2

1 1 n
8
h [ n ] =2 [ n ] +
u [ n ]+ u [ n ]
3 2
3

( )

(b)


(
)n
x [ n ]=e 2
j

()
y [ n ] =H ( e ) x [n]
j

()
H ( e )=2+
j

1
3 1+ e
2

()
H ( e )=2+
j

( 2 )

=cos

j
2 1

()

() )
3 ( 1e

2 1

( )) 3 ( 1e ( ))
3 ( 1+ e

j
2

( 2 ) j sin ( 2 )

()
H ( e )=2+
j

()
H ( e )=2+
j

1
8
+
1
3 ( 1( j ))
3 1+ ( j)
2

1
8
+
21 j 3 ( 1+ j )
3
2

2+

2
8
+
3 ( 2 j ) 3 ( 1+ j )

2+

2+2 j+168 j
3 ( 2 j )( 1+ j )

2+

186 j
3 ( 2 j )( 1+ j )

2+

62 j
( 2 j ) (1+ j )

2+

62 j
3+ j

4j
3+ j

4 j e ( )
y [ n ] =(
)e
3+ j
j

n
2

3.19 Para cada una de las siguientes parejas de transformadas Z de seales de entrada
X ( z ) , Y funciones de transferencia, H ( z ) , determine la regin de convergencia de
la transformada Z de la salida Y ( z ) :
a X ( z )=

1
1
,|z|>
1
2
1+ z1
2

H ( z )=

1
1
,|z|>
1
4
1 z1
4

Y [ z ] =H [ z ]X [ z ]
1
1
1 1
1
1+ z
1 z1
2
4

( )(

Y [ z]=

Y [ z]=

(1+ 12 z )(1 14 z )
1

ROCz

b X [ z ]=

1
2

1
|z|<2
( 12 z1 )

H [ z ]=

1
1
|z|>
3
1
1 z1
3

X ( Z )H ( Z )=Y ( Z )

Y ( Z )=

( 12 Z1 ) 1 1 Z1

entonces

1
ROC : <|Z|<2
3

c X ( z )=

( 1 15 z ) (1+3 z
1

1
1
, <|z|<
5
3

H ( z )=

1+3 z.1 | | 1
, z>
1 1
3
1+ z
3

Y [ z ] =H [ z ]X [ z ]

((

Y [ z]=

Y [ z ]=

1
1
1 z1 ( 1+3 z1)
5

1+3 z .1
1
1+ z 1
3

)( )

1+ 3 z .1

(1 15 z )( 1+ 3 z )(1+ 13 z )
1

Y [ z ]=

(1 15 z )(1+ 13 z )
1

3.20. Para cada una de las siguientes parejas de transformada Z de entrada y salida, X
(z) e Y (z), determine la regin de convergencia de la funcin de transferencia H (z):
a X [ z ]=

Y [ z ]=

(
(

1
3
|z|>
4
3
1 z1
4

1
2
|z|>
3
2
1+ z 1
3

Y [ z ] =H [ z ]X [ z ]

H [ z ]=

Y [ z]
X [z ]

1
2 1
1+ z
3
H [ z]=
1
3
1 z1
4
3
1 z1
4
H [ z]=
2
1+ z1
3
entonces :
ROC|z|>

b X [ z ]=

2
3

1
1
|z|<
3
1
1+ z1
3

Y [ z ]=

(1 61 z )(1+ 13 z )
1

Y [ z ] =H [ z ]X [ z ]

H [ z ]=

Y [z ]
X[ z]

1
1
<|z|>
6
3

1
1
1
1 z )(1+ z )
(
6
3
H [ z ]=
1

1
1 1
1+ z
3

H ( z )=

1
1
1 z1
6

ROC|z|>

1
6