Advanced Strength and Applied Elasticity Fourth Edition Anset C. UcurAL New Jersey Institute of Technology SAuL K. FENSTER New Jersey Institute of Technology i) 43000 PRENTICE HALL Professional Technical Reference Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, | oliSorsoter soe ‘weptricomang cmt va eamed azengb and ape classy/AnselC.Usprat Sel at vase igpctcnene tn Sey mnt tmnt as ee amass iris codetion soperiion Paty Denon (Fae Tiss Compostion (=) {Cover dg dst ty Voi (Rrciesor Gn Cece Bonus ‘aoaactring buyec Nara alae Patlener Berard Good Marke anager Don DsPusua Port sane Mele View [Pulsenios production ager Aone R Geta 2m 5 aon Eaton ne SQ. 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Peston Edenton North Asa Lt HongKong Penton incon Cara, id Toto Deans Etro Menino SAG C¥. ‘eaten Bdeuon pan Tg Paason Edson Malone LA Contents Preface to the Fourth Edition List of Symbols Chapter 1 Analysis of Stress u 2 3 ra us 16 wy rey Introduction Scope of Treatment Definition of Suess Components of Stress: Stress Tensor Some Special Cates of Stress Internal Foree-Resultant and Stress Relations Stresses on lncined Planes in an Axally Loaded Member ‘Variation of Stress within a Body ‘Two-Dimensional Stress ata Point Principal Stresees and Maximum Shear Stress in Two Dimensions ‘Mol’s Cirle for Two-Dimensional Stress ‘Three-Dimensional Stress at a Point Principal Stresses in Three Dimensions Normal and Shear Stresses on an Oblique Plane Moke's Circle for Three-Dimensional Stress Boundary Conditions in Terms of Surface Forces Problems Chapter? Strain ond Stress Strain Relations BSSELERE Introduetion Deformation Stiaia Defnred Equations of Compatibility State of Strain ata Point Engineering Materials Strest-Strain Diagrams Hooke's Law and Poisson's Ratio29 Generalized Hooke’s Law 240. Measurement of Suain: Bonded Strain Gages 2M Strain Energy 2A2 Strain Energy in Common Structural Members 243 Components of Strain Enorgy 244. Saint-Venant’s Principle Problems Chapter 3 Two-Dimensional Problems in Elasticity 31 Introduction 32 Fundamental Principles of Analysis Part A— Formulation and Methods of Solution 33. Plane Strain Problems 34 Plane Stress Problems 35. Airy’ Stress Function 36 Solution of Elasticity Problems 37 Thermal Stresses 38 Basic Relations in Polar Coordinates Part B— Stress Concentrations 39 Stresses Due to Concentrated Loads 3410. Stress Distribution near Concentrated Load Acting on a Beam BLL Stes Concentration Factors 312 Neuber's Diagram BIS Contact Stresses Problems Chapter 4 Failure Criteria 44 Introduction Failure Failure by Yielding Failure by Fracture Yield and Fracture Criteria ‘Maximum Shearing Stress Theory ‘Maximum Distortion Energy Theory (ctahodral Shearing Stress Theory 49° Comparison ofthe Yielding Theories 410 Maximum Principal Stress Theory 411 Mohr's Theory 432 Coulomb-MoheTacory WARS Introductory Fracture Mechanics 414 Faluce Criteria for Metal Fatigue 445 Fatigue Life under Combined Loading 416 Impact or Dynamic Loads 417 Dyzamic and Thermal Effects Problems BeRRECE 158 159 10 18 17 370 ya, vs Chapter 5 Bending of Beams sa 5a 53 34 35 56 37 53 59) 510 Sa saz 53 sus Bus Introduction Part A—Exact Solutions Pure Bending of Beams of Symmetiiesl Cross Section Pure Bending of Beams of Asymmetrical Cross Section Bending ofa Cantilever of Narrow Section Bending ofa Sirply Supported, Narrow Beara Part B— Approximate Solutions Elementary Tacory of Bending Bending and Sheating Stresses tect of Transverse Normal Stress Composite Bears ‘Shear Center Statically Indeterminate Systems ‘Energy Method for Deflection Part C—Curved Beams Exact Solution ‘Tangential Sress Winkler's Theory Combined Tangential and Normal Stresses Probleme Chapter6 Torsion of Prismatic Bars on oa 63 oa 6s 66 or 6s 69 610 Introduction Elementary Theory of Torsion of Cixcular Bars ‘General Solution ofthe Torsion Problem Prandtl’ Stress Function Prandt’s Membrane Analogy “Torsion of Thin-Walled Members of Open Cross Section ‘Torsion of Multiply Connseted Thin-Walled Sections Fluid Flow Analogy and Stress Concentration ‘Torsion of Restrained Thin. Walled Members of Open Cross Section Curved Cireular Bars: Helical Springs Problems (Chapter? Numerical Methods m 2 73 74 7s Tntrodvetion nite Differences Finite Difference Equations ‘Curved Boundaries Boundary Conditions Finite Element Method Properties of a Finite Elemeat Formulation of te Finite Element Method 184 134 ce 188 32 195740 Use of Digital Computers Problems Chapter 8 Axisymmetically Loaded Members 81 Introduction 82 Thick-Wolled Cylinders 83. Maximum Tangential Stress 8A Application of Failure Theories 85 Compound Cylinders 86 Rotating Disks of Constant Thickness 87 Rotating Disks of Variable Thickness 8S Rotating Disks of Uniform Suress 89 Thermal Stresses in Thin Disks ‘810 ‘Thermal Stress in Long Ciscular Cylinders 841 Fite Element lation 812 Formulation of Axisymmetsic Element Problems Chapter Beams on Elastic Foundations Wo Insoiton 32 Guna Tey 23 Tntnte Bese Wey 24 Sole Beams 3S Fie Bane: Caretin of oan 36 Beams Supposed y Bay Space laste Eemonts 7 _Sinpned Sao fo Relay Sf Bess 38 Sonn by ints Diterences 93 Appice Pilea Chapter 10. Energy Methods 104 Introduction 102 Work Done in Deformation 303 Reciprocity Theorem Castigliano's Theorem Unit or Dummy Load Method Crotti-Engesser Theorem Statically netermanate Systems Principe of Vial Work Principle of Minimum Potential Energy ‘Application of Trigonometrc Series Rayleigh-Ritz Method Problems S38 au 314 ais 325 333 336 3a 309 9 350 355 359 361 30 364 369 309 30 378 conten Chapter 11 Blastie Stability ut m2 n3 ua us 16 uz us n9 110 aun Introduction Critical Load Buckling of a Columa End Conditions Citical Stress in @ Cofumn Allowable Stress Initially Curved Members Eccentrially Loaded Columns: Secant Formula, Energy Methods Applied to Buckling Solution by Finite Ditferences Finite Difeence Solution for Uneventy Spaced Nodes Chapter 12. Plastic Behavior of Materials wa 22 23 a ws 26 27 2B 29 210 po me Introduction Plastic Deformation “True StressTrue Strain Curve in Simple Tension Instability in Simple Tension Plastic Deflection of Beams Analysis of Perfectly Plastic Beams Collapse Load of Structures Elastic-Plastic Torsion Elastic-Plastic Stresses in Rotating Disks Plastic Strose-Strain Relations Plastic Siress-Strain Increment Relations Suesscs in Perfectly Past Thick-Walled Cylinders Problems Chapter 13 Plates and Shells BEE BEREREEEE i Part A~—Dending of Thin Paes Bac Assimptions Strain-Curvatre Relations Stress, Curvature and Moment Relations (Governing Equations of Pate Deflection Boundary Conditions Simply Supported Rectangular Pls Aina owed ear Pate ion of Retongl Plates y the Sain Energy Me Finite Element Solution ° “e Method Part B—embrane Stresses in Thin Shells Batic Asmptions Simple Membrane Action Symmetry Loaded Sel of Revotton 413 a 888 88 5 45 a8 & 40 485 a or 91 3“i 1343. Some Comaton Cases of Shells of Revolution 4314 Cylindrical Shells of General Shape Problems AnpendicA Indical Notation Appendix B Solution ofthe Stress Cubie Equation Bal Principal stresses B2 Direction Cosines Appendix € Moments of Composite Areas CA Controid €2 Moments of Inertia €3 Paralic-AxisTheotem CA. Principal Moments of Inertia Appendix D Tables Dai _ Average Propertcs of Common Engineering Materials D2 Conversion Factors SI Units to US. Customary Units D3 Si Unit Prefixes DA _Deflections and Slopes of Beams References Answers to Selected Problems Index 495 ar 503 50s 506 s10 S19 33 sue 3 524 36 526 527 sa sa cones Preface to the Fourth Edition INTRODUCTION ‘This text is a development of classroom notes prepared in connection with ad vanced undergraduate and first-year graduate courses in clatcity and the mechan ics of solids. I is designed to satisfy the requirements of eourscs subsequent to an elementary tcatment of the strength of materials. In addition to its applicability 10 ‘cronautical, civil, and mechanical engineering and to engineering mechanics cure ricula, the authors have endeavored to make the text useful to practicing engineers Enmiphasi is given to numerical techniques (whieh lend themselves to computer tion) inthe solution of problems resisting analyica reatment The sos placed on ‘sumerical solutions is not intended to deny the value of classical analysis, which is given a rather full treatment. Ir instead attempt to fill what the authors believe to be a void in the world of textbooks. ‘An effort has been made to present balance between the theory necessary 10 sn insight into the mechanics, but which can often offer no more than crude ap- proximations to real problems because of simplifications related to geometry and Conditions of toading, and numerieal solutions, which are so useful in presenting, stress analysis in a more realistic setting. The authors have thus attempted to emt phasize those aspects of theory and application that prepare a student for more ad- ‘Yanoed study or for professional practice in design and analysis. ‘The theory of elasticity plays three important roles inthe text: I provides exact solutions where the configurations of loading and boundary are roativly simple it provides a check on the limitations ofthe mechanics of materials approach; and it se0ves asthe basis of approximate solutions employing aumerical analysis. ‘To make the text as clear as posible, atention is given to the presentation of the fundamentals of the mechanics of materiale. The phytical significance ofthe so lutions and practical applications are given emphasic The authars have macie x spe ial effort to illustrate important principles and applications with numerical cxamples. Consistent with announced national policy, problems are included in the text in whieh the physical quantities are expressed in the International System of Units ($1). All important quantities ae defined in both SI and US. Customary Sys tem of units A sign convention, consistent with veetor mechanic, is employed