I ngl s A2

nDice
UD1
Vivo en una casita de campo
I live in a cottage
Seccin 1. She always jogs in the morning ................................................ 13
Seccin 2. Im buying a new house ........................................................... 15
Seccin 3. Do you understand me? ........................................................... 18
Seccin 4. My brother works in a crew ......................................................20
Progress Portfolio ...................................................................................... 23
UD2
Fue tan divertido!
It was so enjoyable!
Seccin 1. I passed my exams in June........................................................ 27
Seccin 2. I was watching TV when ........................................................... 30
Seccin 3. Wearing glasses ....................................................................... 33
Seccin 4. At Harrodss ............................................................................. 35
Progress Portfolio ...................................................................................... 39
idiomas
I ngl s A2
UD3
Ser o no ser!
Will it be or wont it be!
Seccin 1. Its never too late! .................................................................... 43
Seccin 2. Will it rain tomorrow? ..............................................................45
Seccin 3. Emma will study hard at university ...........................................46
Seccin 4. I like English! ............................................................................ 47
Progress Portfolio ...................................................................................... 51
UD4
En el colegio
At school
Seccin 1. A day at school ......................................................................... 55
Seccin 2. Choosing the subjects .............................................................. 57
Seccin 3. How many subjects do you have? .............................................59
Seccin 4. How do I register? .................................................................... 61
Progress Portfolio ...................................................................................... 65
UD5
Los medios de comunicacin Britnicos
The British mass media
Seccin 1. Have you ever been to a TV programme? .................................69
Seccin 2. The worlds best TV programme! ............................................. 70
Seccin 3. Meeting one another ............................................................... 71
Seccin 4. What magazine have you bought? ........................................... 73
Progress Portfolio ...................................................................................... 77

UD6
Aciones
Hobbies
Seccin 1. Its already done! ..................................................................... 81
Seccin 2. For a long time!........................................................................82
Seccin 3. You cant smoke here ...............................................................84
Seccin 4. Things I like doing ....................................................................86
Progress Portfolio ......................................................................................89
UD7
En la agencia de viajes
At the travel agency
Seccin 1. Where have you been on holiday? ............................................ 93
Seccin 2. Have they nished? .................................................................94
Seccin 3. Which one do you like? ............................................................. 97
Seccin 4. Whats London like? ................................................................99
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 103
UD8
Nunca haba hecho eso!
I had never done that!
Seccin 1. I hadnt own before ............................................................. 107
Seccin 2. The car had broken down ....................................................... 109
Seccin 3. So do I! ................................................................................... 110
Seccin 4. A special family ...................................................................... 112
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 115
idiomas
I ngl s A2
UD9
No me encuentro bien
I dont feel well
Seccin 1. Going to the doctors ............................................................. 119
Seccin 2. I hate hospitals ...................................................................... 120
Seccin 3. My back aches ....................................................................... 122
Seccin 4. The chemists ....................................................................... 124
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 127
UD10
Un n de semana inolvidable!
An unforgettable weekend!
Seccin 1. Famous people .......................................................................131
Seccin 2. Have you got a house? ........................................................... 132
Seccin 3. Faster, please! ........................................................................ 134
Seccin 4. Somewhere to go .................................................................. 136
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 139
UD11
Cambiando mi vida!
Changing my life!
Seccin 1. You can do it yourself! ............................................................ 143
Seccin 2. He used to love me! ............................................................... 144
Seccin 3. What are you looking for? ...................................................... 146
Seccin 4. The best and the worst .......................................................... 148
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 151
UD12
Vida salvaje
Wild life
Seccin 1. Hes about to come ............................................................ 155
Seccin 2. I enjoy looking after my pets .................................................. 156
Seccin 3. As fast as a lion ...................................................................... 158
Seccin 4. Living with animals ................................................................ 159
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 163
UD13
Me encanta mi trabajo
I love my job
Seccin 1. Lunch is served ...................................................................... 167
Seccin 2. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare ...................................... 169
Seccin 3. A kind old man ....................................................................... 170
Seccin 4. Work, work, work! .................................................................. 172
Progress Portfolio .....................................................................................175
UD14
Amistad
Friendship
Seccin 1. Becoming rich ........................................................................ 179
Seccin 2. I have a wonderful friend ....................................................... 180
Seccin 3. I gave her a present ................................................................ 181
Seccin 4. New technologies .................................................................. 183
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 187
idiomas
I ngl s A2
UD15
Decisiones
Decisions
Seccin 1. My cousin and I ...................................................................... 191
Seccin 2. To go or not to go ................................................................... 192
Seccin 3. I went but ............................................................................... 193
Seccin 4. This isnt enough ................................................................... 194
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 197
UD16
Cotilleando
Gossiping
Seccin 1. Do you know what?................................................................ 201
Seccin 2. Mystery stories ...................................................................... 202
Seccin 3. Urban legends ........................................................................ 203
Seccin 4. Todays news ......................................................................... 205
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 207
UD17
Palabra correcta, palabra incorrecta
Right word, wrong word
Seccin 1. He said he was happy ............................................................. 211
Seccin 2. Who said that? ....................................................................... 213
Seccin 3. He ordered me to open the window ....................................... 214
Seccin 4. Surng on the internet ........................................................... 216
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 219
UD18
Qu problema!
What a problem!
Seccin 1. Ill do it if I have time .............................................................. 223
Seccin 2. I wish you were here .............................................................. 224
Seccin 3. Unless you help me! ............................................................... 225
Seccin 4. What an interesting language! ............................................... 226
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 229
UD19
Escocia
Scotland
Seccin 1. She loved me as a friend ........................................................ 233
Seccin 2. He came to see me ................................................................ 234
Seccin 3. Living on an island ................................................................. 235
Seccin 4. I love that accent! .................................................................. 236
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 239
UD20
Palabras confusas!
Confusing words!
Seccin 1. Possible or impossible ............................................................ 243
Seccin 2. My boyfriend is a psychologist ...............................................244
Seccin 3. I hate washing-machines .......................................................246
Seccin 4. Are you constipated? ............................................................. 247
Progress Portfolio .................................................................................... 251
idiomas
I ngl s A2
UD1
Vivo en una casita de campo
I live in a cottage
Seccin 1. She always jogs in the morning
Seccin 2. Im buying a new house
Seccin 3. Do you understand me?
Seccin 4. My brother works in a crew
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender el presente simple, el presente continuo,
los verbos estticos, la comparacin entre el presente simple y el presente
continuo y los nombres colectivos.
Contenidos
El Present Simple
El Present Continuous
Los verbos estticos (stative verbs)
Comparacin entre el Present Simple y el Present Continuous
Los nombres colectivos
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD1
13
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Siempre corre por la maana
She always jogs in the morning
I am Jane. I am thirty-ve years old. I live in London. I
live in a cottage near London. I usually wake up at six
oclock in the morning. Im very sporty and I always
jog in the morning before I go to work because I
feel better and I work more. Then I have breakfast.
I sometimes have an orange juice with a cup of tea
and a piece of fruit or I have a toast and a cup of tea.
I usually go to work by bus, but when it rains I go by
car. I work in a school. Im an English teacher. When I
nish work I normally go to gym and spend there an
hour or two. Then I go home and spend the rest of the
day reading or watching a lm.
Gramtica
Presente Simple (Present Simple)
Formacin del Simple Present
En su forma armativa, el simple present se construye con el sujeto seguido de la
base del verbo que se conjuga sin terminacin alguna, excepto la tercera persona
del singular que aade -s. Se aade -es cuando el verbo termina en consonante
de sonido silbante (sh, ch, ss, x, s, z) o en la vocal -o precedida de consonante.
Los terminados en -y precedida de consonante, cambian sta en -i y aaden
tambin -es:
I nish yo termino she nishes ella termina
I teach yo enseo she teaches ella ensea
I miss yo echo de menos she misses ella echa de menos
I do yo hago she does ella hace
I y yo vuelo she ies ella vuela
I x yo arreglo she xes ella arregla
I quiz yo interrogo she quizzes ella interroga
(Recording 1-1)
(Recording 1-2)
EDicin 5.0 14
Para la pronunciacin de la -s nal de la tercera persona del presente rigen las mismas
normas que para la pronunciacin de la -s del plural (vase Unidad 19. Fontica).
La forma negativa e interrogativa se forman con el auxiliar do y el verbo que se
conjuga sin terminacin en ninguna de sus personas.
Forma armativa
Estructura: sujeto + base del verbo que se conjuga (la tercera persona del singular
aade s).
I/you/we/they play Yo juego/t juegas/nosotros jugamos/ellos juegan
He/she/it plays l/ella/ello juego
Forma negativa
Estructura: sujeto + do/does + not + base del verbo que se conjuga.
I/you/we/they do not play I/you/we/they dont play
He/she/it does not play He/she/it doesnt play
Forma interrogativa
Estructura: do/does + sujeto + base del verbo que se conjuga.
Do I/you/we/they play?
Does/he/she/it play?
Forma interrogativo-negativa
Estructura: do/does + sujeto + not + base del verbo que se conjuga
Dont I/you/we/they play?
Doesnt he/she/it play?
Usos ms importantes del Simple Present
1. Para acciones habituales:
She goes to work at eight oclock Ella va a trabajar a las ocho
They eat pizza every Sunday Comen pizza todos los domingos
2. Para expresar cosas que son verdades en general, propiedades o estado
permanente:
Flowers smell good Las ores huelen bien
UD1
15
Ingls A2
The sun rises in the East El sol sale por el Este
Children enjoy playing games A los nios les encanta jugar
Otros Usos del Simple Present
1. Para acciones futuras cuando hablamos sobre horarios, programaciones, etc.
(transporte pblico, cine, etc.):
The train leaves at half past ten El tren sale a las diez y media
What time does the lm start? A qu hora empieza la pelcula?
2. En oraciones condicionales del tipo 1, en la oracin subordinada (vase Unidad
18, Seccin 1):
If she studies, she will pass the English
exam
Si estudia, aprobar el examen de ingls
Ejercicio 1.
Poner los verbos entre parntesis en Present Simple.
The library _______ at eight oclock in the afternoon (Close)
My brother _______ three languages (Speak)
I _______ horror lms (Not Like)
______ they ______ in a big house? (Live)
I ______ my homework every day (Do)
She _________ the piano (Not Play)
_______ Peter ______ TV in the morning? (Watch)
My sister __________ in an o ce (Not Work)
Seccin 2
Me voy a comprar una casa nueva
Im buying a new house
From: Peter
To: Jane
Date: 14-06-10
Subject: Im buying a new house
Hi Jane,
I have to tell you Im buying a new house in London. Im very happy with my mother
in her house, but I think its time I have my own house. It has got two rooms and
(Recording 1-3)
EDicin 5.0 16
a bathroom. I also have a garage. Im going shopping with my sister today. Im
getting all the things I need, for example, a bed, a table, an armchair, etc. because
I dont have anything. Im staying at my mothers house until Friday. Then Im
moving to my new house.
When are you coming to see me and my new house?
Love,
Peter
Gramtica
Presente Continuo (Present Continuous)
Formacin del Present Continuous
El presente continuo se forma con el presente del verbo to be ms la forma en -ing
del verbo que se conjuga.
La forma en -ing se obtiene aadiendo la terminacin -ing a la base del verbo
(vase Unidad 16. Fontica):
Finish terminar nishing
Study estudiar studying
Forma armativa
Estructura: sujeto + presente de to be + forma en -ing del verbo que se
conjuga
I am playing/Im playing Yo estoy jugando
You are playing/youre playing T ests jugando
He is playing/hes playing l est jugando, etc.
Forma negativa
Estructura: sujeto + presente de to be + not + forma en ing del verbo que se
conjuga
I am not playing Yo no estoy jugando
You are not playing T no ests jugando
He is not playing l no est jugando, etc
Forma negativa contrada
Im not playing Yo no estoy jugando
Youre not playing/you arent playing T no ests jugando
(Recording 1-4)
UD1
17
Ingls A2
Hes not playing/he isnt playing l no est jugando, etc.
Forma interrogativa
Estructura: presente de to be + sujeto + forma en ing del verbo que se
conjuga
Am I playing? Estoy yo jugando?
Are you playing? Ests t jugando?
Is he playing? Est l jugando?, etc.
Forma interrogativo-negativa:
Estructura: presente interrogativo-negativo de to be + forma en ing del verbo
que se conjuga
Am I not playing? No estoy yo jugando?
Are you not playing?/arent you playing? No ests t jugando?
Is he not playing?/isnt he playing? No est l jugando?, etc.

Usos ms importantes del Present Continuous
El present continuous se usa principalmente:
1. Se usa el presente continuo para expresar una accin que se est realizando en
el momento en que se habla:
He is reading Est leyendo
Theyre watching TV Estn viendo la tele
2. Para acciones futuras. Se usa el presente continuo para expresar una accin que
est prevista, programada o planeada para el futuro, generalmente prximo.
Para tener este valor se requiere que vaya acompaado de un adverbio de
tiempo:
Shes leaving London tomorrow Se van de Londres maana
What are you doing tomorrow
afternoon?
Qu vas a hacer maana por la tarde?
Otros Usos del Present Continuous
1. Para una actividad temporal
Im working on Saturdays this month Trabajo los sbados este mes
EDicin 5.0 18
2. El presente continuo se usa para expresar una accin que se repite cons-
tantemente, generalmente con fastidio o contrariedad del que habla. En este
caso tiene que ir acompaado por el adverbio always (siempre) u otro de sig-
nicado similar:
Youre always losing your pencil Siempre ests perdiendo tu lpiz
Ejercicio 2
Poner los verbos entre parntesis en Present Continuous
John ________ a hat today (Wear)
My sister ________ English at school this year (Learn)
I _________ the newspaper (Not Read)
______ your friends ________ TV now? (Watch)
My grandfather ________ a letter now (Not Write)
Where _______ the children _______ today? (Play)
My brother ________ a song in English (Sing)
Peter and Mary _________ in the swimming pool now (Not Swim)
Seccin 3
Me entiendes?
Do you understand me?
Jane: I want to buy a new car now
Mary: Why?
Jane: Because my car is very old.
Mary: But its three years old
and its perfect.
Jane: I prefer a modern car.
Do you understand me?
Mary: Well, I dont understand
you. I know you have a lot of
money and you love cars, but
I dont understand you.
Jane: I suppose youre right.
(Recording 1-5)
UD1
19
Ingls A2
Gramtica
Present Simple versus Present Continuous.
Si la accin se est realizando en el mismo momento en que se habla, se suele
utilizar el present continuous:
They are reading estn leyendo
Pero puede usarse tambin el simple present, porque se trate de un verbo que no
se suele emplear en forma continua (Stative Verbs):
I want a glass of milk now quiero un vaso de leche ahora
Stative Verbs.
Los verbos denominados verbos estticos (stative verbs), son aquellos que denotan
estado, sentimientos, conocimiento o relacin:
To believe creer
To belong pertenecer
To dislike no gustar
To hate odiar
To hope esperar
To know saber o conocer
To like gustar
To love amar
To prefer preferir
To remember acordarse
To seem parecer
To understand comprender
To want querer
To realise darse cuenta
To suppose suponer
To mean querer decir
(Recording 1-6)
EDicin 5.0 20
Puede usarse la forma continua, no obstante, cuando el verbo se usa en otro sen-
tido que el mencionado:
The children are loving the clowns
show
A los nios les est encantando el show
de los payasos
Ejercicio 3
Poner los verbos entre parntesis en Present Simple o Present Continuous.
Students ______ to school every day (Go)
My father _________ some food in the kitchen at the moment (Cook)
My cousin Fred ________ French this year (Learn)
I always _______ a coat in winter (Wear)
_______ you ________ the lesson? (Understand)
She _________ always _________ her umbrella everywhere (Forget)
______ your sister _______ a book now? (Read)
My mother ________ meat, she prefers sh (Not like)
Seccin 4
My hermano trabaja en una tripulacin
My brother works in a crew
I have got a brother. Hes twenty-seven years old. He lives in London.
He works in the airport. He works in a crew. He is a ight attendant.
There are ve people in his crew and two pilots. He is always ying
everywhere. He is coming to Malaga next week, because he has got
free journeys with his company. Im going to London next month,
because hes giving me a free ticket with his company. I want to go to
London and stay there to live and study English.
(Recording 1-7)
UD1
21
Ingls A2
Gramtica
Nombres Colectivos
Los nombres colectivos designan un grupo de personas, animales o cosas
considerado como un todo:
An army un ejrcito
A crew una tripulacin
A team un equipo
A sta of employees una plantilla de empleados
A ock (of sheep/birds) un rebao de ovejas/una bandada de
pjaros
A brood of chickens una nidada de polluelos
A herd (of goats/pigs/elephants/
bualoes)
un rebao/una manada/piara (de
cabras/cerdos/ elefantes/bfalos)
A swarm (of insects) un enjambre/una nube (de insectos)
A bunch (of owers/keys) un ramo de ores/un manojo de llaves
Con un nombre colectivo como sujeto el verbo va en singular o en plural, segn
se considere el grupo como un todo, o los individuos del mismo:
The team is playing well El equipo est jugando bien (el conjunto,
el equipo como tal)
The team are having a shower El equipo se est duchando (los
jugadores)
Ejercicio 4
Rellenar los huecos con el nombre colectivo apropiado
My sister is an air hostess. She works in a ______
My friends and I play in a football ______
My father has got a ______ of employees in his rm
My grandfather has got a ______ of sheep
There is a _______ of chickens in the farm
I saw a ______of elephants in the zoo
There is a _______ of insects in the forest
My brother gave his girlfriend a ______ of owers
(Recording 1-8)
EDicin 5.0 22
Fontica
//
//
Had Hard
Pack Park
Ant Aunt
Hat Heart
Cat Cart
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin sobre lo que te gusta hacer, basndote en lo que has visto
en la Seccin 1 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 1-9)
UD1
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar el Present Simple
Puedo utilizar el Present Continuous
Puedo utilizar los verbos estticos (stative verbs)
S distinguir bien el Present Simple del Present Continuous
Puedo utilizar los nombres colectivos
23
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 24
UD2
Fue tan divertido!
It was so enjoyable!
Seccin 1. I passed my exams in June
Seccin 2. I was watching TV when
Seccin 3. Wearing glasses
Seccin 4. At Harrodss
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender el Past Simple, los verbos regulares e
irregulares en pasado, el Past Continuous, el plural cero, el pluralia tantum,
los casos de omisin del genitivo sajn, el doble genitivo.
Contenidos
El Past Simple
Los verbos regulares e irregulares en pasado
El Past Continuous
El plural cero
El pluralia tantum
idiomas
Los casos de omisin del genitivo sajn
El doble genitivo
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
UD2
27
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Aprob mis examines en junio
I passed my exams in June
Gramtica
Pasado Simple. Past Simple
El simple past corresponde al pretrito indenido y pretrito imperfecto en espaol.
De ah que su traduccin dependa enteramente del contexto:
She studied Estudi Estudiaba
Formacin del Simple Past
La forma armativa se hace de manera distinta, segn sea el verbo regular o
irregular, mientras que la forma interrogativa y la forma negativa se hacen del
mismo modo para todos los verbos, regulares e irregulares, excepto auxiliares y
modales.
(Recording 2-1)
(Recording 2-2)
EDicin 5.0 28
Forma Armativa
Como hemos indicado, depende de que el verbo sea regular o irregular.
Verbos regulares
Los verbos regulares forman el simple past aadiendo la terminacin ed (vase
Unidad 20. Fontica):
I play juego
I played jugu, jugaba
Verbos irregulares
Naturalmente, los verbos irregulares no tienen regla ja y hay que estudiar su
pasado en cada caso.
Formas Negativas e Interrogativas
Para las formas negativas e interrogativas es indiferente que el verbo sea regular
o irregular; todos se construyen de la siguiente manera:
Forma negativa
Se hace con el sujeto + did + not + verbo que se conjuga, en innitivo sin to:
I did not play no jugu, no jugaba
La contraccin de did not es didnt.
Forma interrogativa
Se hace con el auxiliar did + el sujeto + verbo que se conjuga en innitivo sin to:
Did you play? Jugu? Jugaba?
Forma armativa
Estructura: sujeto + verbo en pasado.
I played Yo jugu
You played T jugaste
He played l jug, etc.
Forma negativa
Estructura: sujeto + did + not + base del verbo que se conjuga.
I did not play Yo no jugu
You did not play T no jugaste
He did not play l no jug, etc.
UD2
29
Ingls A2
Forma negativa contrada
I didnt play Yo no jugu
You didnt play T no jugaste
He didnt play l no jug, etc.
Forma interrogativa
Estructura: did + sujeto + base del verbo que se conjuga.
Did I play? Jugu yo?
Did you play? Jugaste t?
Did he play? Jug l? , etc.
Forma interrogativo-negativa
Estructura: did sujeto + not + base del verbo que se conjuga.
Didnt I play? No jugu yo?
Didnt you play? No jugaste t?
Didnt he play? No jug l?, etc.
Usos ms importantes del Simple Past
1. Para acciones pasadas, es decir, para expresar una accin completada en un
tiempo o perodo determinado del pasado. En este sentido, es muy frecuente
que vaya acompaado de un adverbio o locucin adverbial de tiempo:
I visited my aunt yesterday Visit a mi ta ayer
2. Para narraciones en pasado:
They lived in the country Vivan en el campo
Otro Uso del Simple Past
En las oraciones condicionales del tipo 2, en el verbo de la oracin subordinada
(vase Unidad 18, Seccin 2):
If he studied, he would pass the English
exam
Si estudiara, aprobara el examen de
ingls
EDicin 5.0 30
Ejercicio 1
Poner los verbos entre parntesis en Past Simple
My sister and her friend ______ to the cinema last night (Go)
_____ they _____ in a hotel? (Stay)
She _____ John but he _____ her (See/Not See)
What time _____ you _____ your exam? (Finish)
Her brother _____ a pizza yesterday (Eat)
They ______ their work last week (Not Finish)
We ______ to London last year (Not Go)
Where ______ you ____ English? (Learn)
Seccin 2
Estaba viendo la tele cuando
I was watching TV when
John: Whats the matter?
Mary: I stayed at home alone yesterday
evening because my parents went to the
theatre. I was having a shower when suddenly
the water stopped running. I went to see
what the matter was. While I was looking at
the problem, the lights went out, so I had
to look for some candles. Then everything
was all right. I decided to watch a lm on TV.
I was watching TV when the door opened. I
was screaming and running to the back door
when I saw a
shadow. When I
looked at the shadow, I heard a voice. I was looking
for a knife when I suddenly saw the person. It was
my brother with his friends. They wanted to frighten
me.
John: What did you do?
Mary: I was going to kill him, but then my parents
came. I didnt tell anything to my parents.
(Recording 2-3)
UD2
31
Ingls A2
Gramtica
Formacin del Past Continuous
El pasado continuo se forma con el pasado del auxiliar to be + forma en ing del
verbo que se conjuga.
Forma armativa
Estructura: sujeto + was/were + forma en ing del verbo que se conjuga.
I was playing Yo estaba jugando
You were playing T estabas jugando
He was playing l estaba jugando
She was playing Ella estaba jugando
It was playing Ello estaba jugando
We were playing Nosotros/as estbamos jugando
You were playing Vosotros/as estabais jugando
They were playing Ellos/as estaban jugando
Forma negativa
Estructura: sujeto + was/were + not + forma en ing del verbo que se conjuga.
I was not playing Yo no estaba jugando
You were not playing T no estabas jugando
He was not playing l no estaba jugando, etc.
Forma contrada
I wasnt playing Yo no estaba jugando
You werent playing T no estabas jugando
He wasnt playing l no estaba jugando, etc.
Forma interrogativa
Estructura: was/were + sujeto + forma en ing del verbo que se conjuga.
Was I playing? Estaba yo jugando?
Were you playing? Estabas t jugando?
Was he playing? Estaba l jugando?, etc.
Forma interrogativo-negativa
Estructura: was/were + sujeto + not + forma en ing del verbo que se conjuga.
Was I not playing? No estaba yo jugando?
Were you not playing? No estabas t jugando?
Was he not playing? No estaba l jugando?, etc.
(Recording 2-4)
EDicin 5.0 32
Uso ms importante del Past Continuous
Para acciones pasadas en proceso de realizacin. Es decir, para una accin que
estaba teniendo lugar en un momento determinado del pasado:
They were eating pizza Estaban comiendo pizza
Otros Usos del Past Continuous
1. Para expresar simultaneidad con otra accin tambin pasada. Suele usarse el
past continuous para resaltar la duracin de una accin, frente a otra de menor
duracin:
As I was reading a book, the phone
rang
Cuando estaba leyendo un libro, son
el telfono
Tambin pueden usarse while (mientras) o when (cuando) en lugar de as:
While I was reading a book, the phone
rang
Mientras estaba leyendo un libro, son
el telfono
When the phone rang, I was reading a
book
Cuando son el telfono, estaba
leyendo un libro
2. Para expresar repeticin molesta de un hecho. Al igual que el presente
continuo, para que el pasado continuo se entienda de esta manera tiene que ir
acompaado del adverbio always (siempre) u otro de signicado similar:
She was always losing her ring Siempre estaba perdiendo su anillo
Ejercicio 2
Poner los verbos entre parntesis en Past Continuous
Where _____ your parents ______ in 1997? (Live)
It _______ when I went to church (Not Rain)
My brother ______ a lm on TV (Watch)
My mother _______ for a train in the station (Wait)
What _____ your sister _____ at three oclock? (Do)
UD2
33
Ingls A2
I _______ at that moment (Not Sleep)
Peter and Jane ______ a hamburger when I arrived (Eat)
He _____ always _____ his keys (Lose)
Seccin 3
Usando gafas
Wearing glasses
Jane: Hi, Tom. How are you?
Tom: Hi, Jane. Im very sad. And you?
Jane: Im very well. Why are you so sad?
Tom: Didnt you notice anything dierent about me
yesterday when we were at school?
Jane: No, I didnt. Whats the matter?
Tom: Im wearing glasses.
I was having terrible
headaches, so I went
to the doctors.
Jane: Oh, yes! You looked
really nice!
Tom: I hate wearing glasses
Jane: You look so intelligent
now
Gramtica
Plural cero (zero plural)
Algunas palabras, especialmente nombres de ciertos animales, tienen la misma
forma en singular y en plural:
sheep oveja(s)
deer ciervo(s)
cod bacalao(s)
(Recording 2-5)
(Recording 2-6)
EDicin 5.0 34
salmon salmn (es)
duck pato(s)
quail codorniz /codornices
Algunas de estas palabras, como duck, quail y salmon, tienen dos plurales: plural
sin -s (zero plural) cuando se reeren a los animales en cuanto objeto de caza o
pesca, y el regular con -s, cuando se reeren a ejemplares de la especie. Otras,
como sheep, deer y cod son generalmente invariables.
Usados para designar el alimento, cod, salmon, duck y quail son no contables y,
por tanto, carecen de plural.
Pluralia tantum
Se da este nombre a aquellas palabras que slo tienen forma plural y que llevan el
verbo en plural:
Prendas de vestir e instrumentos o herramientas que constan de dos partes unidas
indivisibles:
binoculars prismticos
glasses gafas
jeans (pantalones) vaqueros
panties/knickers bragas
pants/underpants calzoncillos
pliers alicates
pyjamas pijama
scissors tijeras
shears tijeras de podar
shorts pantalones cortos
tights pantis; leotardos
tongs tenazas
trousers pantalones
tweezers pinzas
UD2
35
Ingls A2
Para poder contar estos objetos, se antepone a pair of:
a pair of pliers unos alicates
a pair of trousers unos pantalones
two pairs of glasses dos (pares de) gafas
Varios:
clothes ropa (cloths es el plural de cloth, pao, trapo)
credentials credenciales
customs aduana
goods mercancas, gneros
outskirts el extrarradio, las afueras (de una ciudad)
particulars detalles
riches riquezas
Ejercicio 3
Traducir las siguientes oraciones
Yo vivo a las afueras de la ciudad
Estoy comprando unos pantalones
Mi padre siempre duerme en pijama
Me pararon en la aduana
Mi padre necesita unos alicates
Mi novio usa gafas
Las tijeras estn en el cajn
Me puede ensear sus credenciales?
Seccin 4
En Harrods
At Harrodss
Jane: Hello, Mary.
Mary: Hi, Jane.
Jane: I phoned you yesterday. Where were you?
(Recording 2-7)
EDicin 5.0 36
Mary: I was at Harrodss with my mum
Jane: Oh, how lucky you are!
Mary: Why?
Jane: Its my dream to go to Harrods and buy some clothes
Mary: Well, you can come with us next time.
Jane: Really?
Gramtica
Genitivo Sajn
Casos de omisin
El 2 trmino de la construccin genitiva puede omitirse sin alterar el sentido de la
frase en los siguientes casos:
1. Cuando se trata de la casa de alguien:
at my uncles en casa de mi to
at Fionas en casa de Fiona
2. Cuando se trata de tiendas, hoteles, restaurantes, ocinas, consultas, etc.:
the bakers la panadera
the butchers la carnicera
the cleaners la tintorera
the grocers la tienda de ultramarinos
the chemists la farmacia
the doctors la consulta del mdico
Claridges famoso hotel de Londres
Harrodss famosos grandes almacenes de Londres
3. Cuando se trata de iglesias, catedrales, hospitales u otros edicios pblicos
muy conocidos:
St Pauls la catedral de San Pablo
St Jamess el palacio real de St. James en Londres
4. Para evitar la repeticin de algo mencionado con anterioridad:
These are my skis and those are
my brothers
Estos son mis esqus y sos los de mi
hermano
(Recording 2-8)
UD2
37
Ingls A2
El doble genitivo
La construccin llamada doble genitivo (double genitive) combina la preposicin
of y el nombre en caso genitivo:
a friend of my fathers un amigo de mi padre (uno de sus amigos)
a disciple of Senecas un discpulo de Sneca (uno de sus discpulos)
a work of Monets una obra de Monet (una de sus obras)
Ejercicio 4
Corregir las siguientes oraciones sobre el genitivo en los casos neces-
arios
We saw a friend of my fathers in the cinema
My grandfather bought a work of Monet
My mother went to the doctor yesterday
All my family had lunch at my uncle
My sister visited St Pauls
This is my car and that is my brothers
She works at the grocer
I buy the bread at the bakers
EDicin 5.0 38
Fontica
/e/
//
Leg Bird
Men Skirt
Dead Turn
Head Nurse
Many Learn
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin sobre algo que te ocurriera en el pasado, basndote en lo
que has visto en la Seccin 2 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 2-9)
UD2
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar el Past Simple
Puedo utilizar los verbos regulares e irregulares en pasado
Puedo utilizar el Past Continuous
Puedo utilizar el plural cero
Puedo utilizar el pluralia tantum
Puedo utilizar los casos de omisin del genitivo sajn
Puedo utilizar el doble genitivo
39
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 40
UD3
Ser o no ser!
Will it be or wont it be!
Seccin 1. Its never too late!
Seccin 2. Will it rain tomorrow?
Seccin 3. Emma will study hard at university
Seccin 4. I like English!
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender los planes de futuro con Going to y
Present Continuous, Will/Wont para predicciones, Will/Wont para
promesas/ofrecimientos/decisiones, el artculo cero.
Contenidos
Los planes de futuro con Going to y Present Continuous
Will/Wont para predicciones
Will/Wont para promesas/ofrecimientos/decisiones
El artculo cero
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD3
43
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Nunca es demasiado tarde!
Its never too late!
Hi Mary,
Im nishing work next week.
I want to travel to Hawaii with my brother in
July. I know we are very old, but its never too
late! Are you going to come with us? Its very
cheap because we have got a friend in a
travel agency and he has got very good oers
Give me a ring
Love,
Fiona
Gramtica
Going to y Present Continuous para expresar planes de futuro
La frmula estructural es sujeto + presente de to be + going + innitivo del verbo
que se conjuga. To be going to indica sobre todo:
Intencin del que habla de hacer o no algo:
Im going to buy some books tomorrow Voy a comprar algunos libros maana
Forma armativa
I am going to play Yo voy a jugar
You are going to play T vas a jugar
He is going to play l va a jugar
She is going to play Ella va a jugar
It is going to play Ello va a jugar
We are going to play Nosotros/as vamos a jugar
You are going to play Vosotros/as vais a jugar
(Recording 3-1)
EDicin 5.0 44
They are going to play Ellos/as van a jugar
Forma negativa
I am not going to play Yo no voy a jugar
You are not going to play T no vas a jugar
He is not going to play l no va a jugar, etc.
Forma negativa contrada
Im not going to play Yo no voy a jugar
You arent going to play T no vas a jugar
He isnt going to play l no va a jugar, etc.
Forma interrogativa
Am I going to play? Voy yo a jugar?
Are you going to play? Vas t a jugar?
Is he going to play? Va l a jugar?, etc.
Present Continuous
Cuando hablamos del futuro, especialmente de planes, puede usarse tambin el
Present Continuous (vase formacin en la Unidad 1, Seccin 2):
Im buying some books tomorrow Voy a comprar algunos libros maana
La pequea diferencia de matiz es que el Present Continuous est decidido y
planeado, mientras que Going to est decidido, pero quizs no planeado para
hacerlo.
Ejercicio 1
Poner los verbos entre parntesis con Going to en su forma correcta
We _________ the cinema tonight (Watch)
I ___________ English this year (Study)
_____ you __________ to London next month? (Travel)
Im hungry. I ___________ some fruit (Eat)
______ you ___________ the lm today? (Watch)
_____ the children _________ football this afternoon? (Play)
My sister ___________ some books next week (Buy)
What ______ you __________ for Pauls party? (Wear)
UD3
45
Ingls A2
Seccin 2
Llover maana?
Will it rain tomorrow?
Jane: Hello, Mary.
Mary: Hi, Jane.
Jane: I want to go to the beach
tomorrow
Mary: I have to go to university
Jane: Will it rain tomorrow?
Mary: I saw the news yesterday and
it said it will rain tomorrow
Jane: What a pity!
Mary: Do you want to come with
me?
Jane: OK. What time are you going?
Gramtica
Will/Wont para expresar predicciones
Forma armativa
I/we shall/will play Yo jugar/nosotros jugaremos
You will play T jugars
He will play l jugar, etc.
Forma negativa
I shall/will not play Yo no jugar
You will not play T no jugars
He will not play l no jugar, etc.
(Recording 3-2)
EDicin 5.0 46
Forma negativa contrada
I/we shant/wont play Yo no jugar/nosotros no jugaremos
You wont play T no jugars
He wont play l no jugar, etc.
En la forma interrogativa se invirte el orden de sujeto y auxiliar:
Forma interrogativa
Will I play? Jugar?
Will you play? Jugaras?
Will he play? Jugar?, etc.
Ejercicio 2
Poner los verbos entre parntesis usando Will/Wont
Do you think Peter ______ this present? (Like)
We ______ at the station at nine oclock (Meet)
It ______ this weekend (Not Rain)
My brother ______ all his exams (Pass)
Try this jacket on. It______ nice on you (Look)
Its Peters birthday next Monday. He_______ thirty (Be)
_____ John ______ a new car next month? (Buy)
Its very cold. We _______ out tonight (Not Go)
Seccin 3
Emma estudiar duro en la Universidad
Emma will study hard at university
Emma will go to university next year. She will study English
Literature. She will go with her best friend, Tony. Tony will
study science. They will live in a house with a family next to the
university. They will visit their parents at Christmas and then they
will go back to university. Emma will study hard at university.
(Recording 3-3)
UD3
47
Ingls A2
Gramtica
Will/Wont para expresar promesas, ofrecimientos, decisiones
1. Para expresar voluntad o intencin de hacer o no hacer algo:
Ill lend you the book if you need it Te prestar el libro si lo necesitas
2. Para indicar una decisin tomada en el momento en que se habla:
Dont get up, Ill answer the door No te levantes, yo abrir la puerta
3. Para expresar una promesa:
Ill do it as soon as I nish my
homework
Lo har tan pronto como acabe mis
deberes
Ejercicio 3
Poner los verbos entre parntesis usando Will/Wont
I_______ you tomorrow (Phone)
My sister ______ the job soon (Do)
My father ______ the door (Not Answer)
My grandfather _______ you the book (Lend)
______ you ____ me a favour? (Do)
Im very thirsty. I______ an orange juice (Drink)
He ______ out tonight (Not Go)
This car is very expensive. I ______ it (Not Buy)
Seccin 4
Me gusta el ingls!
I like English!
My name is Emma. Im studying English at the moment. I like English very much. I
start my classes at nine oclock and I stop for lunch. Then I carry on in the afternoon
(Recording 3-4)
EDicin 5.0 48
for three hours. Im studying grammar, literature and history. I go to classes on
Monday, Wednesday and Friday. I also like playing cards and shing.
Gramtica
Omisin del Artculo Determinado: El Artculo Cero
No se usa artculo, es decir, se usa el llamado artculo cero en los siguientes casos:
1. Delante de los nombres contables y no contables usados en sentido genrico:
I like books Me gustan los libros
Do you like tea? Te gusta la el t?
Los nombres abstractos usados en sentido genrico se incluyen en este
apartado:
Life vida
Patience paciencia
Love amor
Happiness felicidad
2. Delante de las palabras school (escuela), church (iglesia), hospital (hospital) y
prison (prisin) usadas en sentido genrico:
Im going to school Voy a la escuela
3. Delante de los nombres que designan ocupaciones, ocios, artes, ciencias,
deportes y juegos:
Teaching la enseanza
Fishing la pesca
Painting la pintura
Chemistry la qumica
Tennis (el) tenis
Chess (el) ajedrez
Cards las cartas
UD3
49
Ingls A2
Pueden incluirse aqu los nombres que designan idiomas:
English/French/Russian/Chinese, etc. (el) ingls/francs/ruso/chino, etc.
Im learning English Estoy aprendiendo ingls
4. Delante de los nombres de comidas que se toman regularmente cada da:
Lunch is at one oclock El almuerzo es a la una
5. Con los das de la semana, para expresar el lunes, el martes, etc.:
On Monday/Tuesday, etc. el lunes/martes, etc.
6. Con las horas, excepto los cuartos, que pueden llevar el artculo a:
Its seven oclock Son las siete
At half past seven a las siete y media
7. En las expresiones last week/month/year, etc. (la semana/mes/ao, etc. pasa-
do) y next week/month/year, etc. (la semana/mes/ao, etc. que viene), siempre
que el punto de referencia sea la semana/el mes/ao, etc. en que se vive en ese
momento:
They are going to London next year Van a Londres el ao que viene
8. Con los nombres de las estaciones del ao, el artculo es opcional:
Winter is very cold El invierno es muy frio
9. Con los colores:
My favourite color is red Mi color favorito es el rojo
EDicin 5.0 50
Ejercicio 4
Poner el artculo determinado the donde sea necesario
We had ______ dinner at a restaurant
My favourite colour is ______ yellow
What is ______ name of this street?
______ cinema is at the end of this street
The shops are open on ______ Monday
My parents are going to London in _____ July
My brother got married ______ last week
How far is ______cathedral from here?
Fontica
//
/i:/
Chip Cheap
Fit Feet
It Eat
Live Leave
Still Steal
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin sobre lo que hars el ao prximo y las cosas que t crees
que ocurrirn, basndote en lo que has visto en la Seccin 3 de esta unidad. Utiliza
unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 3-5)
UD3
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar Going to y Present Continuous para expresar planes
futuros
Puedo utilizar Will/Wont para predicciones
Puedo utilizar Will/Wont para promesas/ofrecimientos/decisiones
Puedo utilizar el artculo cero
51
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 52
UD4
En el colegio
At school
Seccin 1. A day at school
Seccin 2. Choosing the subjects
Seccin 3. How many subjects do you have?
Seccin 4. How do I register?
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a revisar el uso de los tiempos Present/Past/Future,
el indicativo e imperativo, los determinantes indenidos cuanticadores,
vocabulario relacionado con la educacin.
Contenidos
Revisin de los tiempos Present/Past/Future
El indicativo e imperativo
Los determinantes indenidos cuanticadores
Vocabulario relacionado con la educacin
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD4
55
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Un da en el colegio
A day at school
Im Rebecca. I nished my French studies last year and Im
studying English Literature now. I love English. I will go to
England next year to visit Shakespeares birthplace. I went to
France last year and visited a lot of places. While I was in France
I met my friend Ren. Ren studies arts in Paris. We went to
visit the Louvre. I was so excited!
Gramtica
Revisin de los tiempos Present, Past, Future
Present:
El Present Continuous expresa algo que est sucediendo ahora, en el momento de
hablar:
I am working Estoy trabajando
El Present Simple expresa algo que ocurre habitualmente o con cierta frecuencia:
I work Trabajo
NOTA: Con el Present Simple se suele utilizar los adverbios de frecuencia tales
como always, often, sometimes, usually, never, etc.
Past:
El Past Simple expresa una accin concluida:
We played tennis Jugamos al tenis
(Recording 4-1)
EDicin 5.0 56
El Past Continuous expresa una accin que duraba en el pasado:
We were playing tennis Estbamos jugando al tenis
NOTA: El Past Simple suele ir acompaado de expresiones de tiempo (time
expressions) tales como ago, yesterday, last night, last week, last month, last year,
etc.
Future:
Will, generalmente en su forma contrada, se utiliza para hablar del futuro:
Ill study English Estudiar ingles
Going to se utiliza para hablar del futuro, pero con cosas ya acordadas o
decididas:
Shes going to study English in London
next month
Va a estudiar ingls en Londres el mes
que viene
Ejercicio 1
Poner los verbos entre parntesis en su forma correcta:
Present, Past, Future
She_____ to the park every weekend (Go)
My brother _____ to London last month (Go)
She________ English next month (Study)
My mother _______ in the garden now (Sit)
The children always ______ in the garden (Play)
My father _______ the newspaper when I _______ (Read/Arrive)
______ you _____ to the party on Saturday? (Go)
He _______ an email to his girlfriend now (Write)
UD4
57
Ingls A2
Seccin 2
Eligiendo las asignaturas
Choosing the subjects
John: Hi, Peter
Peter: Hi, John
John: What are you doing?
Peter: Im reading a very interesting book
John: I want to choose my subjects for this year.
Peter: OK. Lets do it together
John: OK. Thank you
Peter: What subjects do you
like?
John: I like English Literature,
I love English History,
but I dont like American
Literature.
Peter: Look! You dont have to
choose all the subjects
John: Yes, I know
Peter: Lets choose the ones
you like rst and then
you can complete the
list with the rest
John: Youre fantastic, Peter!
Gramtica
Indicativo e imperativo
Modo Indicativo
El modo indicativo expresa la accin como un hecho real:
I like chocalate Me gusta el chocolate
Modo Imperativo
El modo imperativo expresa fundamentalmente una orden o ruego:
Look! Mira!
(Recording 4-2)
EDicin 5.0 58
Formacin del Imperativo
El imperativo slo tiene dos personas: la segunda, que sirve para el singular y para
el plural, y la primera del plural.
La segunda persona armativa se forma con la base del verbo, sin sujeto:
Stop! Para!
La negacin se hace con dont:
Dont stop No pares!
La primera persona del plural armativa se forma con el verbo let (permitir, dejar),
seguido del pronombre personal en primera persona plural, caso objetivo, us, y la
base del verbo que se conjuga:
Let us go Vayamos
Forma contrada:
Lets go
La negacin se hace con not:
Lets not go No vayamos
Usos del Imperativo
El imperativo se usa:
1. Para una orden:
Stop! Para!
Una orden negativa puede tener valor de prohibicin:
Dont stop! No pares!
2. Para un ruego, en cuyo caso suele usarse please (por favor):
Please, stop Por favor, para
UD4
59
Ingls A2
3. Advertencia:
Be careful! Ten cuidado!
4. Splica, peticin de ayuda:
Help! Socorro!
5. Buenos deseos o imprecaciones:
Have a nice day! Qu tengas buen da!
Ejercicio 2
Traducir las siguientes oraciones
Qu tengas buen da!
Ten cuidado! Esos animales son muy peligrosos
Por favor, para. No vayas muy rpido
No vayamos al cine
Vayamos a la playa
Socorro! La serpiente ha entrado en casa
Para! El ejercicio est mal
Mira! Un nio subindose al rbol
Seccin 3
Cuntas asignaturas tienes?
How many subjects do you have?
John: Hi, Peter
Peter: Hi, John
John: What are you doing?
Peter: Im choosing my subjects for this year
John: How many subjects do you have?
Peter: I have several. Let me see, I have six subjects
John: What subjects are you choosing?
Peter: Im choosing English Literature, English Grammar, English History, English
Vocabulary
John: I can see you like English
Peter: I like English very much
(Recording 4-3)
EDicin 5.0 60
John: What else?
Peter: The problem is I have to choose two more subjects and I dont like the rest
John: Why?
Peter: Because they arent English, they are American. I like American studies a
little. What shall I do?
Gramtica
Los determinantes indenidos cuanticadores
Los determinantes indenidos de cantidad en ingls se pueden dividir en dos
grupos:
Indenidos de cantidad que solamente se usan con sustantivos no contables:
much mucho, -a
how much cuanto/cunto, -a
too much demasiado, -a
so much tanto, -a
little poco, -a
less menos
the least lo menos, la menor cantidad de
a little un poco de
so little tan poco
Indenidos de cantidad que slo pueden usarse con sustantivos contables:
many muchos, -as
how many cuantos/cuntos, -as
too many demasiados, -as
so many tantos, -as
few pocos, -as
a few unos cuantos, -as, unos pocos, -as
so few tan pocos, -as
several varios, -as
both ambos, -as
UD4
61
Ingls A2
Ejercicio 3
Poner los indenidos cuanticadores en su hueco correspondiente
______ money do you have?
My sister loves dogs. She has got ______ dogs
We have to study hard. We have ______ exams this month
The fridge was nearly empty. There was ______ food
I cant speak French. I speak a _____ words
_______ books have you bought?
I have two books. ______ books are interesting
Did you buy ______ food?
Seccin 4
Cmo me matriculo?
How do I register?
John: Hello. Good morning
Secretary: Good morning. Can I help
you?
John: Yes, please. I want to ask
you a question
Secretary: What do you need?
John: How do I register in this
university?
Secretary: Well, rst of all you have
to bring your papers from
your previous university
John: OK. And then
Secretary: Then you have to...
(Recording 4-4)
EDicin 5.0 62
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con la educacin
Algebra lgebra
Backpack mochila
Binder carpeta
Biology biologa
Boarding school internado
Book libro
Break recreo
Cafeteria cafetera
Calculator calculadora
calendar calendario
chalk tiza
Blackboard pizarra
Chemistry qumica
Class clase
Classmate compaero/a de clase
Classroom aula
course curso
degree ttulo, licenciatura
Desk escritorio
Diploma diploma
Dorm (IAm) residencia para estudiantes/(IBr)
hall of residence
Elementary school escuela primaria
Encyclopedia enciclopedia
Eraser borrador
Exam examen
Faculty profesorado
Geometry geometra
Globe globo terrqueo
Grade calicacin
Gym gimnasio
(Recording 4-5)
UD4
63
Ingls A2
High school escuela secundaria
History historia
Hole punch perforadora
Homework tarea
Kindergarten jardn de infancia, guardera
Lab laboratorio
Library biblioteca
Locker armario
Map mapa
Marker marcador
Maths matemticas
Notebook cuaderno
Pen bolgrafo, pluma
Pencil lpiz
Pencil sharpener sacapuntas
Playground patio
Poster cartel
Principal director/a de escuela
Private classes clases particulares
Quiz prueba, test
Ruler regla
Scholarship, grant beca
Science ciencia
Scissors tijeras
Semester semestre
Stapler grapadora
Student alumno/a
Subject materia, asignatura
Tape cinta adhesiva
Teacher maestro/a, profesor/a
Test examen, prueba
EDicin 5.0 64
Ejercicio 4
Traducir las siguientes oraciones
El profesor estaba enfermo
Los exmenes eran difciles
Los alumnos compraron la regla y las tijeras
Mi hermano fue a un internado
Tengo muchos deberes
Estudio en la biblioteca
Mi hermana tiene muchos compaeros/as de clase
Ella vive en una residencia para estudiantes
Fontica
// //
Pot Port
Potter Porter
Spot Sport
Cod Cord
Cot Caught
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe un texto describiendo lo que haces en el colegio/universidad, basndote en
lo que has visto en la Seccin 1 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 4-6)
UD4
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
S distinguir los tiempos Present/Past/Future
Puedo usar el indicativo e imperativo
Puedo utilizar los determinantes indenidos cuanticadores
Puedo utilizar el vocabulario relacionado con la educacin
65
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 66
UD5
Los medios de comunicacin
Britnicos
The British mass media
Seccin 1. Have you ever been to a TV programme?
Seccin 2. The worlds best TV programme!
Seccin 3. Meeting one another
Seccin 4. What magazine have you bought?
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender el Present Perfect con ever y never, el
Present Perfect con How long?, los determinantes indenidos distribu ti-
vos, vocabulario relacionado con los medios de comunicacin.
Contenidos
El Present Perfect con ever y never
El Present Perfect con How long?
Los determinantes indenidos distributivos
Vocabulario relacionado con los medios de comunicacin
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita
idiomas
UD5
69
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Has estado alguna vez en un programa de televisin?
Have you ever been to a TV programme?
Fiona: Hi, Mary
Mary: Hi, Fiona. How are you?
Fiona: Im very well, thank you. And you?
Mary: Im so excited!
Fiona: Why are you so excited?
Mary: Have you ever been to a TV programme?
Fiona: No, I havent
Mary: I have been to Anne Robinsons programme,
The Weakest Link
Fiona: Whats that?
Mary: Its a general knowledge quiz
Fiona: How has the experience been?
Mary: Well, it has been so great
Gramtica
Present Perfect con ever y never
Se puede utilizar el Present Perfect con ever para preguntas y con never para
negaciones absolutas:
Has Jane ever been to London? Ha ido Jane alguna vez a Londres?
Ive never been to London Nunca he ido a Londres
(Recording 5-1)
EDicin 5.0 70
Ejercicio 1
Poner los verbos entre parntesis en Present Perfect
_____ you ever _____ to London? (Be)
Jane ______ never ______ to New York (Travel)
My sister ______ never _____ a car (Drive)
Who is that woman? I______ never _____ her before (See)
My grandmother _____ never ______ an email (Write)
______ your brother ever _____ in a plane? (Fly)
______ you ever ______ a bus? (Drive)
_____ your father ever ______ the piano? (Play)
Seccin 2
El mejor programa de televisin del mundo!
The worlds best TV programme!
This is the worlds best TV programme. This is Anne
Robinsons programme, The Weakest Link. How long
has it been on TV? It has been on TV for ten years. Its a
general knowledge quiz. Contestants have to decide at
the end of each round what player is out of the game.
An announcer tells the television audience which player
is the strongest link and who is the weakest link. The
players dont know this information. The player who
receives the most votes is the weakest link and has to
go from the show.
Gramtica
Present Perfect con How long ?
Para preguntar cunto tiempo hace que ocurre una cosa, en ingls se utiliza el
Present Perfect con la estructura de pregunta How long ?:
(Recording 5-2)
UD5
71
Ingls A2
How long have you lived in Malaga? Cunto tiempo hace que vives en
Mlaga?
Ejercicio 2
Haz preguntas con How long? sobre estas frases
Example: Peter is a bus driver: How long has Peter been a bus driver?
Peter is in London
They have been married for three years
My sister is a teacher
I have a red car
John works in Scotland
I have known John for ve years
Seccin 3
Conocindose el uno al otro
Meeting one another
Fiona: Hello. Whats your name?
Mary: Hello. My names Mary. And
whats your name?
Fiona: My names Fiona. Lets ask
questions one another
Mary: OK. Where are you from?
Fiona: Im from England. And you?
Mary: Im from Scotland
Fiona: What do you do?
Mary: Im a nurse. And you?
Fiona: Im an English teacher
Mary: Do you want to ask me another
question?
Fiona: Yes, I do. Where do you work?
Mary: I work in Edinburghs hospital
(Recording 5-3)
EDicin 5.0 72
Gramtica
Los determinantes indenidos distributivos
Los determinantes y pronombres indenidos distributivos en ingls son:
each cada, cada uno,-a
every (slo determinante) cada; todos,-as
either cualquiera (de dos); uno y otro
neither ninguno (de dos)
another otro, -a
other otro, -a, -os, -as
each other (slo pronombre) el uno al otro/los
unos a los otros
one another (slo pronombre) el uno al otro/los
unos a los otros
Either, neither, each y every acompaan siempre a un nombre singular; por tanto,
el verbo va tambin en singular:
Each child has been given a toy A cada nio/a se le ha dado un juguete
Other puede acompaar a un nombre singular o plural, por lo que el verbo ir en
singular o plural, respectivamente:
The other woman hasnt nished La otra mujer no ha terminado
The other women havent nished Las otras mujeres no han terminado
Diferencia entre Each y Every:
Los dos signican cada, pero each pone mayor nfasis en la separacin individual
(cada uno), mientras que every destaca el matiz colectivo (todos y cada uno). Es
indiferente, por tanto, usar uno u otro, si la referencia es a varios; en cambio, si la
referencia es a dos o a un nmero limitado, slo puede usarse each:
Theres a TV in each/every room Hay una tele en cada habitacin
There were three pencils. Each (not
every) pencil was a dierent color
Haba tres lpices. Cada lpiz era de un
color
UD5
73
Ingls A2
Ejercicio 3
Poner each o every en las siguientes oraciones
I have three cars. ____ car is a dierent color
The football World Championship is _____ four years
I have an exam _____ Friday
The teacher has got ten books. He gave _____ student one book
My wife goes to gym _____ Thursday
The house has got three rooms. _____ room has got a bed
Seccin 4
Qu revista te has comprado?
What magazine have you bought?
Jane: Hi, Judith
Judith: Hello, Jane
Jane: What are you doing?
Judith: Im shopping
Jane: What have you bought?
Judith: Ive bought a magazine
Jane: What magazine have you bought?
Judith: Ive bought Hello. I love this magazine
Jane: Do you like reading?
Judith: Yes, I do. I love reading magazines
(Recording 5-4)
EDicin 5.0 74
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con los medios de comunicacin
The mass media los medios de comunicacin
Television televisin
Program (US) programa
Programme (GB) programa
Broadcasting transmisin
Soap opera telenovela, culebrn
Sitcom telecomedia
Drama drama, obra de teatro
Series serie, serial, miniserie
Film (GB) pelcula
Movie (US) pelcula
Documentary documental
News bulletin noticiario, las noticias
Current aairs programme programa de temas actuales
Music programme programa musical
Sports programme programa de deportes
Weather forecast pronstico del tiempo
Variety show programa de variedades
Talk show programa de entrevistas
Quiz show/game show programa concurso
Reality show programa reality
Commercial comercial, publicidad
Episode episodio, captulo
Character personaje
Newsreader presentador de las noticias
Host presentador
Hostess presentadora
Headset, headphones auriculares
Remote control mando a distancia, control remoto
Newspaper, paper peridico
Daily newspaper diario
(Recording 5-5)
UD5
75
Ingls A2
Weekly newspaper semanario
Press prensa
Headlines titulares
Editorial editorial
Article artculo
Business news noticias de economa, nanzas
Sports reports noticias de deportes
Cinema review crticas de cine
Book review crticas de libros
The letters page correo de lectores
Cartoons chistes, vietas
Crossword crucigrama
Ad, advertisement anuncio
Classied ads anuncios por palabras
Tabloid tabloide, peridico sensacionalista
Broadsheet peridico de formato grande y
reputacin seria
Supplement suplemento
Journal peridico
Magazine revista
Comic tebeo
Ejercicio 4
Traducir las siguientes oraciones
El peridico tiene un suplemento
Mi hermano pequeo lee muchos tebeos
Mi padre escribe crticas de cine
Mi madre siempre est viendo telenovelas
Ella siempre est perdiendo el mando a distancia
Me gustan los programas concurso
Mi hernana Kathy es la presentadora
A mi novio no le gustan los anuncios
EDicin 5.0 76
Fontica
// //
Foot Food
Full Fool
Pull Pool
Good Group
Could group
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe sobre el mejor programa para ti y tu experiencia en un programa de
televisin, basndote en lo que has visto en las Secciones 1 y 2 de esta unidad.
Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 5-6)
UD5
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar el Present Perfect con ever y never
Puedo utilizar el Present Perfect con How long ?
Puedo utilizar los determinantes indenidos distributivos
Puedo utilizar vocabulario relacionado con los medios de comunicacin
77
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 78
UD6
Aciones
Hobbies
Seccin 1. Its already done!
Seccin 2. For a long time!
Seccin 3. You cant smoke here
Seccin 4. Things I like doing
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender el Present Perfect con just/already/yet, el
Present Perfect con for y since y el Simple Past con ago, uso impersonal de
you, vocabulario relacionado con las aciones.
Contenidos
El Present Perfect con just/already/yet
El Present Perfect con for y since y el Simple Past con ago
Uso impersonal de you
Vocabulario relacionado con las aciones
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD6
81
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Its already done!
Est ya hecho!
Mother: Hello Peter.
Son: Hello mum.
Mother: How has your day been?
Son: Fine, mum. I have done my
History exam.
Mother: Thats your favourite subject!
How have you done it?
Son: Very well as always. Its not
only my favourite subject,
History is my hobby.
Mother: Have you got any
homework?
Son: Its already done.
Mother: OK. What are you going to
do now?
Son: Im going to watch my
new DVD. It is a History
documentary.
Mother: Well. Ill watch it with you.
What is it about?
Son: Its about Henry VIII
Mother: What is it title?
Son: T he Mind of a Tyrant.
Gramtica
Already, Yet y For
Already, Yet y Just son tres adverbios que suelen encontrarse en las estructuras
ms usuales del Present Perfect:
ALREADY
Already signica ya y se suele emplear en oraciones armativas y preguntas
para las que se espera respuesta armativa:
Theyve already arrived Ya han llegado
Have you done the exercise already? Has hecho el ejercicio ya?
(Recording 6-1)
(Recording 6-2)
EDicin 5.0 82
Already se coloca despus del primer auxiliar, es decir, despus del verbo Have.
En interrogativa se suele colocar al nal de la oracin.
YET
Yet tiene los siguientes signicados:
- Todava, en oraciones negativas o interrogativa-negativas:
They havent arrived yet No han llegado todava
Havent they arrived yet? No han llegado todava?
- Ya, en preguntas, la respuesta lo mismo puede ser armativa que negativa:
Has Jane started her new job yet? Ha empezado Jane su nuevo trabajo
ya?
Yet se coloca normalmente en posicin nal.
JUST
Just signica acabar de y se suele emplear en oraciones armativas:
Is John here? Yes, he has just arrived Est John aqu? S, acaba de llegar
Just se coloca despus del primer auxiliar, es decir, despus del verbo Have.
Ejercicio 1
Completar las oraciones con just, already, yet
y el verbo en Present Perfect
Before dinner you wash your hands. When you nish your mother asks you, Have
you washed your hands?
Yes. _____________________ (Wash my hands)
Are you hungry? No, thank you. ___________________ (Have lunch)
What time is Johns train leaving? The train _____________ (Leave)
Is George coming to the party with us? I dont know. He _________________(Tell)
Seccin 2
For a long time!
Desde hace mucho tiempo!
Tom: How long have you lived in England?
Tony: Ive lived in England for a long time.
Tom: What part of England?
Tony: I have lived in Bath for fteen years.
Tom: Do you like it?
(Recording 6-3)
UD6
83
Ingls A2
Tony: Yes, I do. I really love it.
Tom: I want to move because I have lived in London for ten years and I need a
change.
Tony: You can try Bath. You can come to my house for a week and see.
Tom: OK. That would be really good.
Tony: See you next Friday in Bath.
Tom: OK. See you. Bye.
Gramtica
Since/For/Ago
Since y For son dos adverbios que suelen encontrarse en las estructuras ms
usuales del Present Perfect y del Present Perfect Continuous (como veremos en la
unidad 7) y se colocan antes de su expresin de tiempo:
FOR
Se usa para sealar cunto tiempo ha durado una accin. Introduce un perodo
de tiempo. En espaol se traduce generalmente por durante o desde hace:
Fiona has lived in London for three
years
Fiona ha vivido en Londres durante tres
aos
Expresiones con for:
Two days Three minutes
An hour Four hours
A week Ten weeks
A month Seven months
Four years A long time
SINCE
Se usa como una referencia a un punto de tiempo cuando algo empez. Introduce
el comienzo de la accin. En espaol signica desde o desde que:
Fiona has lived in London since 2007 Fiona ha vivido en Londres desde 2007
Expresiones con since:
Tuesday Friday
12 oclock 21:30
(Recording 6-4)
EDicin 5.0 84
07 June Christmas
February I was a child
2007 We left
Comparar:
Ive known Mary since 1997 He conocido/conozco a Mary desde
1997
Ive known Mary for 13 years He conocido/conozco a Mary desde
hace 13 aos
AGO
Ago corresponde a hace en espaol y acompaa al Simple Past. Se coloca al
nal de la oracin, detrs de su expresin de tiempo:
Jane studied English ten years ago Jane estudi ingles hace diez aos
Ejercicio 2
Rellenar los huecos con for, since o ago
Peter has lived in Germany __________ twenty years
My aunt arrived in Australia three days __________
Tom and Mary have been married _________ 2007
Margaret has already started work. She has been in her shop _________ 8 oclock
My friend and I had lunch two hours ________
The train hasnt come yet. We have been waiting ________ half an hour
Ive worked in this o ce _________ twenty
Ive lived in Malaga _________ I was a child
Seccin 3
You cant smoke here
No se puede fumar aqu
Waiter: Hello, sir.
Client: Good afternoon.
(Recording 6-5)
UD6
85
Ingls A2
Waiter: Are you going to have lunch?
Client: Yes, please.
Waiter: Do you want to see the menu?
Client: No, thank you. I know what I want.
Waiter: OK. What do you want to start with?
Client: I would like a salad, please. (He lights a cigarette)
Waiter: Sorry, sir. You cant smoke here.
Client: Oh. Sorry.
Waiter: What would you like for the main course?
Gramtica
You Impersonal.
You puede tener carcter impersonal en oraciones como:
You never know what the future holds Nunca se sabe que deparar el futuro
You cant speak loud here No se puede hablar alto aqu
En estos casos, el pronombre you se pronuncia con la forma dbil o inacentuada /
ju/, en lugar de la fuerte /ju:/
Ejercicio 3
Cambiar las frases como en el ejemplo usando el You impersonal
Its forbidden to smoke here
Its forbidden to walk on the grass
We dont know what the future holds
Its impossible to buy things without money
People normally eat less in summer
Life is better in America
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Wa Wa WWWWWWWW it it it it t it it tt it t it it it it iter eer er er r er r er er er r er rr: So So So So So So So So So So So So Sorr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr rr r rr rrrr y, y, yy, y, y, y, y, yy, y, yyyyy, yyy sss sssssssir ir ir ir ir iii .... . Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yoouuuu uuuuuu ca cca caaaaa caaann n nnnnnn n t smoke he he heeerre re re rre rre.
Cl Cl Cl Cl CCCCl Cl Clie ie ie ie ie ie e ie e ie ient nnttttttttttt:: ::: OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOhhh. h.. h. hhhh. hh. h. hhh. hh. SSSSS SSSSSS SSor or or or orrrrrrr orrr or orry rrry ry ry rrrrrr .
Wait tteeer rr er r err eee : Wh WWh WWWh Wh Wh Wh Wh Wh Wh WWh Wh Wh Wh WWWWWh WW aat aat at at at at tt aat at aaaaaat aaat aa wwwwwwwwwou ou ou ouuuuuuuuuuuulld ld ld ld d ld ld ld dd ld ld ld d ld d ld ddd yy yyyyyy yy yyyy yyyyyou ooooooooooooooooooo like for rr th th th th th th thhhhh tt ee e mmmmma mm in nnnn cccc ccccouuuuuuuurrs rr e?
(Recording 6-6)
EDicin 5.0 86
Seccin 4
Things I like doing
Cosas que me gusta hacer
Frank: Hi Robert.
Robert: Hi Frank. How are you?
Frank: Very well. And you?
Robert: Im ne, thanks.
Frank: What are you doing?
Robert: Im going to the library to get some books. I love reading.
Frank: I dont read much because its very boring.
Robert: What are you doing?
Frank: Im going shopping.
Robert: What are you going to buy?
Frank: Im going to buy some plants for my garden. I like gardening.
Robert: That must be entertaining.
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con las aciones.
Ajedrez Chess
Crucigrama Crossword puzzle
Damas Draughts
Filatelia Stamp collecting
Rompecabezas Riddle
Cartas Cards
Antigedades Antiques
Obra de teatro Play
Musical Musical
Msica clsica Classical music
pera Opera
Galera de arte Art gallery
Museo Museum
Literatura Literature
(Recording 6-7)
(Recording 6-8)
UD6
87
Ingls A2
Cuadro Painting
Novela Novel
Poesa Poetry
Msico Musician
Instrumento musical Musical instrument
Exposicin Exhibition
Ver televisin Watch TV
Cantar Sing
Bailar Dance
Ballet Ballet
Fotografa Photography
Cermica Pottery
Escultura Sculpture
Carpintera Woodwork
Jardinera Gardening
Cocina Cooking
Costura Needlework
Labor de punto Knitting
Bordado Embroidery
Ejercicio 4
Poner la palabra a la que se reere cada situacin
I like taking them of castles and old houses, but people usually take them of other
people
My father enjoys going to the shops and markets looking for these old things
The thing you play to make music
When you like preparing things to eat
Move your body when you listen to music
A place where you can see things people have painted
EDicin 5.0 88
Fontica
A continuacin vamos a ver los ocho diptongos ingleses. Se pueden agrupar en tres
bloques. En primer lugar los que terminan en /i/ que son tres; en segundo lugar los
que terminan en /o/ que son tres; y por ltimo los que terminan en /u/ que son
dos. Veamos algunos ejemplos que contienen cada diptongo:
/ci/ gate, late, pain
/i/ boy, oil, enjoy
/ai/ buy, rice, y
/io/ near, beer, hear
/co/ hair, wear, there
/uo/ sure, tour, poor
/ou/ coat, boat, low
/au/ out, now, mouth
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin sobre tus aciones, basndote en lo que has visto en la
Seccin 4 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 6-9)
UD6
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar el Present Perfect con just/already/yet
Puedo utilizar el Present Perfect con for y since y ago con el Simple
Past
Puedo utilizar You con valor impersonal
Puedo utilizar vocabulario relacionado con las aciones
89
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 90
UD7
En la agencia de viajes
At the travel agency
Seccin 1. Where have you been on holiday?
Seccin 2. Have they nished?
Seccin 3. Which one do you like?
Seccin 4. Whats London like?
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender la diferencia entre el Present Perfect y
el Simple Past, el Present Perfect Continuous, One y Ones, vocabulario
relacionado con el turismo.
Contenidos
La diferencia entre el Present Perfect y el Past Simple
El Present Perfect Continuous
One y Ones
Vocabulario relacionado con el turismo
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita
idiomas
UD7
93
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Where have you been on holiday?
Dnde has estado de vacaciones?
Susan: Hi Pat.
Pat: Hello Susan.
Susan: Where have you been on holiday?
Pat: I have been to New York.
Susan: Is it the rst time you have been there?
Pat: No, it isnt. I went to New York four years ago.
Susan: How long have you been there?
Pat: Ive been there for a month
Susan: Where have you stayed?
Pat: Ive stayed at a luxury hotel.
Susan: How lucky you are!
Pat: Yes, I am. My husband booked the hotel and the journey.
Susan: What have you visited?
Pat: Well, I went to see the Statue of Liberty, the Empire State, the
Metropolitan Museum, etc.
Gramtica
Diferencia entre el Present Perfect y el Past Simple
La diferencia entre estos dos tiempos verbales es la siguiente:
Con el simple past la accin se ve como terminada, situada en el pasado, aunque
ste sea muy reciente.
Mientras que con el present perfect, se ve la accin pasada relacionada de algn
modo con el momento actual.
Ejemplos:
She went shopping this morning Fue de compras esta maana (la
maana ha terminado.)
She has gone shopping this morning Ha ido de compras esta maana (la
maana no ha terminado an.)
(Recording 7-1)
(Recording 7-2)
EDicin 5.0 94
Dado su carcter de accin terminada, es muy frecuente encontrar el simple past
con un adverbio de tiempo denido, mientras que el present perfect se encuentra
muy a menudo sin adverbio o con adverbios de tiempo indenido:
We went to the cinema yesterday Fuimos al cine ayer
I saw her two days ago La vi hace dos das
Ive lost my wallet He perdido la cartera
Veronica has got married Veronica se ha casado
She got married last week Se cas la semana pasada
She has already written 5 novels Ella ya ha escrito 5 novelas
I havent had breakfast yet No he desayunado todava
Ive made coee He hecho caf
Ejercicio 1
Tacha la forma verbal incorrecta en cada frase
Have you seen/Did you see Leonardo DiCaprios last lm?
I have gone/went to New York last month
She has already brushed her teeth/already brushed her teeth
Shakespeare has written/ wrote Hamlet
My cousin has lived/lived in Australia for ten years and this summer Im going to
visit him
Margaret hasnt nished/didnt nish her course yet
My friends and I have gone/went to the cinema last night
Seccin 2
Have they nished?
Han terminado?
Peter: What have you been doing?
John: Ive been painting the living-room.
Peter: How long have you been painting it?
John: Well, I started this morning.
Peter: Do you need any help?
John: OK. I need to paint the bedrooms too.
Peter: OK.
John: Do you know how to paint?
(Recording 7-3)
UD7
95
Ingls A2
Peter: Well, I painted all my house this summer.
John: Oh, thats good.
Peter: Have you bought all the paint you need?
John: No, I havent.
Peter: OK. Ill go to the shop and get the paint for the bedrooms.
John: Ill stay here and nish the living-room.
Gramtica
El Present Perfect Continuous
Formacin del Present Perfect Continuous
El present perfect continuous se forma con el present perfect del verbo to be + la
forma en -ing del verbo que se conjuga.
Forma armativa
Estructura: sujeto + have/has + been + forma en ing del verbo que se
conjuga.
Sin contraer Forma contrada
I have been playing he estado jugando, etc. Ive been playing
You have been playing youve been playing
He has been playing hes been playing
Forma negativa
Estructura: sujeto + have/has + not + been + forma en ing del verbo que se
conjuga.
Sin contraer Forma contrada
I have not been playing no he estado jugando,
etc.
I havent been playing
You have not been
playing
you havent been playing
He has not been playing he hasnt been playing
Forma interrogativa
Estructura: have/has + sujeto + been + forma en ing del verbo que se
conjuga.
Have I been playing? he estado jugando?
Have you been playing?
Has he been playing?
(Recording 7-4)
EDicin 5.0 96
Forma interrogativo-negativa
Estructura: have/has + sujeto + not + been + forma en ing del verbo que se
conjuga
Sin contraer Forma contrada
Have I not been playing? no he estado jugando? Havent I been playing?
Have you not been
playing?
Havent you been
playing?
Has he not been playing? Hasnt he been playing?
Uso del Present Perfect Continuous
El present perfect continuous se usa fundamentalmente para una accin que se
extiende desde el pasado al momento actual y que puede continuar en el futuro:
Ive been working in my o ce the
whole morning
Llevo trabajado en mi ocina toda la
maana
El present perfect continuous marca el nfasis en la accin en desarrollo, mientras
que el present perfect la contempla como acabada, marcando el nfasis en el
resultado actual:
I have been painting the room He estado pintando la habitacin (se
ha estado pintando la habitacin, pero
sta puede estar terminada o no.)
I have painted the room He pintado la habitacin (se ha
terminado de pintar)
Son frecuentes las construcciones con el Present Perfect Continuous y how long,
since y for:
How long has it been raining Cunto tiempo lleva lloviendo?
It has been raining for three hours Lleva lloviendo tres horas
It has been raining since eight oclock Lleva lloviendo desde las ocho
How long have you been living in Paris Cunto tiempo llevas viviendo en
Pars?
Ive been living in Paris for nine years Llevo viviendo en Pars 9 aos
Ive been living in Paris since 2001 Llevo viviendo en Pars desde 2001
UD7
97
Ingls A2
Ejercicio 2
Completar las frases con Present Perfect Simple o Present Perfect
Continuous segn convenga
Look! Somebody ____________ that picture (Break)
She ___________ the ceiling and it is nished (Paint)
I _______________ the car but it is still broken (Repair)
My mother ___________________ that book for a week and she hasnt nished it
yet (Read)
Peter is still playing the piano. He ____________________ the piano all day (Play)
There arent any sweets. Somebody _____________ them (Eat)
Robert is watching a lm on TV now. He __________________ that lm for two
hours (Watch)
How long _____ you ______________ English? (Learn)
Seccin 3
Which one do you like?
Cul te gusta?
Client:Good morning.
Shopkeeper:Good morning. Can I help you?
Client: Yes, please. I need a shirt.
Shopkeeper: Here you are.
Client: They are really nice.
Shopkeeper: Which one do you like?
Client: I like these two. But I only need one.
Shopkeeper: Which one do you prefer?
Client: I think Ill take the black one
Shopkeeper: OK. Do you need anything else?
Client: No, thank you. How much is it?
Shopkeeper: Its thirty pounds.
(Recording 7-5)
EDicin 5.0 98
Gramtica
Uso de One y Ones.
Sustituye a un nombre mencionado anteriormente, para evitar su repeticin:
I want a pencil. Can I have one? Quiero un lpiz. Me das uno?
Si el nombre es plural se usa ones:
I want some pencils. Which ones? Quiero unos lpices. Cules?
This one/that one:
Which is your house?
This one or that one?
Cul es tu casa?
sta o sa?
The + adjetivo + one:
She likes the blue jacket but she
doesnt like the black one
Le gusta la chaqueta azul pero no la
negra
a/an + adjetivo + one:
This glass is dirty.
Can you give me a clean one?
Este vaso est sucio.
Me das uno limpio?
Ejercicio 3
Completra las frases usando a/anone y las siguientes palabras
New-Smaller Clean Chocolate
Second-hand Luxury Black

This glass is dirty. Can I have _____________?
My brother hasnt got a car. He is going to buy _______________
My parents stayed in a very expensive hotel in Germany. It was ______________
I like those jackets. Can I have ___________?
Those cakes are really nice. Im going to eat _____________
This house is too big. I want __________
I have read that book. I want ___________
(Recording 7-6)
UD7
99
Ingls A2
Seccin 4
Whats London like?
Cmo es Londres?
Roger: Where have you been?
Graham: Ive been to London.
Roger: I have never been to London.
Graham: I went last month.
Roger: How long have you been there?
Graham: Two weeks.
Roger: Whats London like?
Graham: Its lovely. Ill go again next year.
Roger: Can I go with you?
Graham: Of course. We can see a lot of things. Ill show you a brochure.
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con el turismo.
Accomodation alojamiento
Admission fee costo de la entrada
Brochure folleto
Camping site sitio para acampar
Car hire alquiler de autos
Cruise crucero
Double room habitacin doble
Double room with twin beds habitacin doble con dos camas
Flight vuelo
Fortnight quincena
Guesthouse casa de huspedes, pensin
Guide gua
Guided tour visita con gua
Hiking trail sendero de caminata
Holidays vacaciones
Holidaymaker veraneante, turista
Hostel hostal
Hotel hotel
(Recording 7-7)
(Recording 7-8)
EDicin 5.0 100
Hotel chain cadena de hoteles
Inn posada
Motorhome autocaravana
Package deal paquete (viaje organizado, oferta
turstica)
Resort lugar de vacaciones
Return ticket viaje de ida y vuelta
Season temporada
Sightseeing tour visita turstica
Single ticket viaje de ida
Single room habitacin simple
Theme park parque de atracciones
Time-sharing tiempo compartido/multipropiedad
Tour operator tour operador
Tourist o ce ocina de turismo
Travel agency agencia de viajes
Travel agent agente de viajes
Waiting list lista de espera
Youth hostel albergue juvenil
To book reservar
To conrm conrmar
To y volar
To go on holiday irse de vacaciones
To go abroad irse al extranjero
To go camping ir de camping
To go climbing ir a escalar
To go hiking hacer senderismo
To go mountaineering hacer alpinismo
To go sightseeing visitar lugares de inters
To go skiing ir a esquiar
To go swimming ir a nadar
To go to the beach ir a la playa
To have a good time pasarlo bien
To have a bad time pasarlo mal
To make a reservation reservar
UD7
101
Ingls A2
To hold a reservation mantener una reserva
To plan organizar
To rent a car alquilar un coche
To stay permanecer, parar (en un hotel, etc.)
To take a holiday tomarse vacaciones
To take a photograph/photo Hacer una fotografa/foto
To travel viajar
Ejercicio 4
Traducir las siguientes oraciones
Me puedes hacer una foto?
Mi primo ha alquilado un coche
Roger trabaja en una agencia de viajes
Mis padres se fueron a un crucero de 15 das
Me encanta ir a la playa en verano
Mi novio ha reservado una habitacin doble
Mi sobrino fue a un parque de atracciones ayer
Robert tiene una cadena de hoteles
Fontica
En ingls existen cinco triptongos que estn formados por un diptongo ms la vo-
cal /o/. Veamos un ejemplo con cada triptongo:
/cio/ player
/io/ employer
/aio/ !Iic
/ouo/ lower
/auo/ tower
(Recording 7-9)
EDicin 5.0 102
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin sobre unas vacaciones que hayas pasado, basndote en lo
que has visto en las Secciones 1 y 4 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
UD7
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo diferenciar entre el Present Perfect y el Past Simple
Puedo utilizar el Present Perfect Continuous
Puedo utilizar One y Ones
Puedo utilizar vocabulario relacionado con el turismo
103
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 104
UD8
Nunca haba hecho eso!
I had never done that!
Seccin 1. I hadnt own before
Seccin 2. The car had broken down
Seccin 3. So do I!
Seccin 4. A special family
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender el Past Perfect, la diferencia entre el Simple
Past y el Past Perfect, So do I, Neither/nor do I, vocabulario relacionado con
las normas de cortesa.
Contenidos
El Past Perfect
La diferencia entre el Past Simple y el Past Perfect
So do I; Neither/nor do I
Vocabulario relacionado con las normas de cortesa
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD8
107
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
I hadnt own before
Nunca haba volando antes
I went to Italy last summer. I went from Malaga to Rome by plane. It was the rst
time I went on a plane. I hadnt own before. I was a bit nervous but I loved the
experience. I had rented a car through internet to travel around Rome before I went
there, but when I arrived at the o ce, the man told me there had been a problem
with the reservation and I couldnt have a car. I spent all my holiday travelling by
bus and train.
Gramtica
El Past Perfect.
Formacin del Past Perfect
El past perfect se forma con el simple past del verbo auxiliar to have (had) y el
participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga:
Forma armativa
Estructura: sujeto + had + participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.
Sin contraer Forma contrada
I had played yo haba jugado, etc. Id played
you had played youd played
He had played Hed played
Forma negativa
Estructura: sujeto + had + not + participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.
Sin contraer Forma contrada
I had not played yo no haba jugado, etc. I hadnt played
you had not played you hadnt played
He had not played He hadnt played
Forma interrogativa
Estructura: had + sujeto + participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.
Had I played? Haba yo jugado?
Had you played?
Had he played?
Forma interrogativo-negativa
(Recording 8-1)
(Recording 8-2)
EDicin 5.0 108
Estructura: had + sujeto + not + participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.
Sin contraer Forma contrada
Had I not played? no haba jugado yo?,
etc.
Hadnt I played?
Had you not played? Hadnt you played?
Had he not played? Hadnt he played?
Usos ms importantes del Past Perfect
1. El past perfect (pretrito pluscuamperfecto) se usa principalmente para una
accin pasada anterior a otra tambin pasada:
When Jane arrived at the station, the
train had already gone
Cuando Jane lleg a la estacin, el tren
se haba ido
2. En estilo indirecto, correspondiendo al simple past o present perfect del
directo (vase Unidad 17):
He said (that) he had studied a lot Dijo que haba estudiado mucho

Ejercicio 1
Construir una oracin con Past Perfect a partir de la situacin
My mother came to my house, but I wasnt there
(I/go/to the university)
Richard went to the cinema, but he was late
(The lm/already start)
There were a lot of things to eat, but I wasnt hungry
(I/ eat/a pizza)
The boy was crying because the window was broken
(The boy/break/the window)
I was nervous because it was the rst time I was ying
(I/not y/before)
UD8
109
Ingls A2
Seccin 2
The car had broken down
El coche se haba averiado
Peter: Hi John.
John: Hello Peter.
Peter: Why didnt you come to the party?
John: When I went for the car to go to your house, I found that it had
broken down.
Peter: What had happened?
John: I didnt know so I had to call the mechanic.
Peter: Is it working now?
John: No, it isnt. The mechanic took the car to the garage and told me
it was the electric system.
Peter: Oh. That doesnt sound good.
John: Its going to cost me a fortune and Im going to be without a car
for a week.
Peter: I can lend you mine.
John: Thank you very much.
Gramtica
Diferencia entre Simple Past y Past Perfect
Ambos tiempos describen acciones nalizadas en el pasado, si bien con algunas
diferencias:
Past Simple: Accin nalizada en el pasado; no se hace referencia a ninguna
conexin con el presente:
I went to the beach yesterday Fui a la playa ayer
(Recording 8-3)
(Recording 8-4)
EDicin 5.0 110
Past Perfect: Equivale al present perfect pero tomando como punto de referencia
un momento en el pasado:
- La accin naliz cerca de dicho momento pasado que es mencionado en la
oracin:
Did you see him when you went to his
house? No, he had left
Lo viste cuando fuiste a su casa? No,
se haba ido
Ejercicio 2
Poner los verbos entre parntesis en Past Perfect o Simple Past
When I arrived at the cinema, the lm ____________ (Begin)
Mary ______ to New York last week (Fly)
_______ you _______ TV last night? (Watch)
He ___________ when we got to the park (Go)
Everything was very silent. Everybody ___________ to bed (Go)
It _________ yesterday, so we went to the beach (Not Rain)
She was very nervous because she __________ the piano in public before (Not Play)
Seccin 3
So do I!
Yo tambin!
Jackie: What are you doing Judith?
Judith: Im going to my painting class.
Jackie: I love painting!
Judith: So do I! I didnt know you like painting.
Jackie: Yes, I do.
Judith: Did you go to classes or have you always known how to paint?
Jackie: Ive painted since I was a child. My mother taught me.
Judith: How lucky you are! I have learned in my classes and Im practicing a lot now.
Jackie: Do you like painting people?
Judith: No, I dont.
Jackie: Neither do I.
Judith: I love painting houses, castles and palaces.
(Recording 8-5)
UD8
111
Ingls A2
Gramtica
So/Neither/Nor.
SO
So sustituye al adverbio tambin en expresiones como:
She likes English and so do I A ella le gusta el ingls y a m tambin
Neither y nor
Neither/nor, con el verbo en forma armativa y producindose inversin de verbo
auxiliar y sujeto, se traducen por tampoco:
He doesnt want to go there. Neither
do I
l no quiere ir all. Ni yo tampoco
I dont like cheese. Nor does my
brother
No me gusta el queso. Ni a mi
hermano tampoco
Ejercicio 3
Aadir la construccin So do I o Neither/nor do I etc. segn convenga
He plays the piano (She)
I like hamburgers (He)
My mother hasnt read that book (I)
Shell have a bacon sandwich (He)
My brother hasnt studied for the exam (I)
Peter liked the TV programme (We)
They went to the cinema yesterday (I)
Jane didnt play tennis last weekend (He)
(Recording 8-6)
EDicin 5.0 112
Seccin 4
A special family
Una familia especial
I live with my parents in a big house. I have got a neighbour and we have
become very good friends. She lives with her parents and her little brother
in the house next to ours. She is fteen years old and Im sixteen years old.
My neighbours are very nice but they are extremely polite. Every time I go to
my friends house they tell me good morning and welcome to our house.
When I have an exam they say good luck. When I pass my exams they say
congratulations. I think people should be polite but sometimes I get a bit
nervous. When I go to their house they start telling me things and I dont
know how to act.
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con las normas de cortesa.
A su/tu salud! Cheers
Adis! Goodbye, Bye-bye, Bye!
Bienvenido! Welcome!
Buena suerte! Good luck!
Buenas noches! Good night
Buenas tardes! Good afternoon
Buenas tardes!; Buenas noches! Good evening
Buenos das! Good morning
Canto lo siento! How sorry I am!
Felicidades! Congratulations
Feliz Ao Nuevo! Happy New Year!
Feliz cumpleaos! Happy Birthday!
Feliz Navidad! Merry Christmas!
(Recording 8-7)
(Recording 8-8)
UD8
113
Ingls A2
Gracias! Thanks!
Hasta la noche! See you tonight
Hasta luego! See you later
Hasta pronto! See you soon
Hola! Hello!; Hi!
Perdn! Excuse me!
Lo siento! Sorry!
Cmo est usted? How do you do?
Cmo est/ests? How are you?
Qu tal? How are things?
Y usted/t? And you?
Agradecer To thank
Bien; Vale OK, okay
Bien, gracias Fine, thanks
De nada; no hay de qu Not at all, thats all right, youre
welcome!
Disculparse To apologize
Encantado de conocerle/te Pleased to meet you
Estrecharle la mano a alguien To shake hands with someone
Le presento a Id like to introduce you to...
Me alegro de verle/te Nice to see you
Muchos recuerdos Kindest regards
Muy bien Very well
Por favor Please
Seor Sir
Seora Madam
S, por favor Yes, please
EDicin 5.0 114
Ejercicio 4
Unir las expresiones de la derecha con su correspondiente traduccin en
ingls de la izquierda
Buena suerte! Id like to introduce you to...
Canto lo siento! Not at all
Feliz Navidad! How sorry I am!
Hasta luego! Yes, please
Qu tal? See you later
De nada; no hay de qu Good luck!
Le presento a Fine, thanks
Bien, gracias Merry Christmas!
Seora How are things?
S, por favor Madam
Fontica
A continuacin vamos a ver las dos ltimas vocales del sistema fonolgico ingls:
// about, letter, Oxford
// hut, cut, but
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin sobre tu primera experiencia viajando en avin, basndote
en lo que has visto en la Seccin 1 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 8-9)
UD8
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar el Past Perfect
Puedo diferenciar entre el Simple Past y el Past Perfect
Puedo utilizar So do I y Neither/Nor do I
Puedo utilizar vocabulario relacionado con las normas de cortesa
115
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 116
UD9
No me encuentro bien
I dont feel well
Seccin 1. Going to the doctors
Seccin 2. I hate hospitals
Seccin 3. My back aches
Seccin 4. The chemists
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender May y Might para expresar posibilidad,
Should/Shouldnt/Ought to para deber, conveniencia o consejo, vocabulario
re lacionado con las enfermedades y dolencias comunes, vocabulario relacio-
na do con la consulta mdica y la farmacia.
Contenidos
May y Might para expresar posibilidad
Should/Shouldnt/Ought to para deber, conveniencia o consejo
Vocabulario relacionado con las enfermedades y dolencias comunes
Vocabulario relacionado con la consulta mdica y la farmacia
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD9
119
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Going to the doctors
Yendo al mdico
Kate: Hello Doctor.
Doctor: Hello Kate. How are you?
Kate: I feel a lot better.
Doctor: Lets see.
Kate: Is everything all right?
Doctor: Yes, it is. But you have to stay
at home.
Kate: Cant I go jogging?
Doctor: No, you have to rest.
Kate: But I have to go to university.
Doctor: Dont worry, you may be
able to go to university next
week.
Gramtica
May y Might para expresar posibilidad
El verbo may tiene las siguientes formas:
Forma armativa e
interrogativa
Forma negativa sin
contraer
Forma negativa
contrada
Presente may may not maynt (poco usada)
Pasado might might not mightnt
Posibilidad con May:
It may rain tomorrow Puede que llueva maana
He may go to London Puede que vaya a Londres
Posibilidad con Might:
El empleo de might en lugar de may indica que la probabilidad es ms remota:
My son might become famous Mi hijo podra hacerse famoso
(Recording 9-1)
(Recording 9-2)
EDicin 5.0 120
Ejercicio 1
Escribir oraciones con May o Might en las siguientes situaciones, segn
el grado de posibilidad
Ejemplo:
The sky is dark
It may rain
There are some clouds in the sky (Rain)
It _________________________
Perhaps Jane is in the cinema (not very sure) (Be)
Jane _______________________
Peter has invited me to have dinner and Im hungry (Go)
I __________________________
I love New York and I have money to go there next year (Go)
I ____________________________
Are you buying a new car? Im not sure (Buy)
I ____________________________
Seccin 2
I hate hospitals
Odio los hospitales
Peter: Whats the matter?
Hannah: I dont want to go to hospital
Peter: Why dont you want to go to hospital?
Hannah: Because I hate hospitals.
Peter: But you should go!
Hannah: I know.
Peter: You are ill and you should have an
operation.
Hannah: But Im rather scared.
Peter: Dont worry. Ill be there with you.
Hannah: OK.
(Recording 9-3)
UD9
121
Ingls A2
Gramtica
Should/Shouldnt
Forma armativa
e interrogativa
Forma negativa
sin contraer
Forma negativa
contrada
Presente y pasado should should not shouldnt
Should expresa la idea de deber moral no muy fuerte, conveniencia o consejo.
Puede traducirse al espaol por presente, pretrito imperfecto o condicional:
You should tidy your room Debes/debas/deberas ordenar tu
cuarto
You shouldnt speak so much No debes/debas/deberas hablar tanto
Ought to
El verbo modal ought to tiene las siguientes formas:
Forma armativa
e interrogativa
Forma negativa
sin contraer
Forma negativa
contrada
Presente y pasado ought to ought not to oughtnt to
Ought to equivale prcticamente a should con el signicado de deber, aunque es
algo menos frecuente que ste, sobre todo en preguntas:
You ought to read more
You should read more Debas/deberas leer ms
You oughtnt to tell him
You shouldnt tell him No debas/deberas decrselo
Ought I to kiss her?
Should I kiss her? Debera besarla?
(Recording 9-4)
EDicin 5.0 122
Ejercicio 2
Completa las frases con should o shouldnt ms uno de los siguientes
verbos
Watch Buy Eat Visit Smoke Go Wear Work
Children __________ more vegetables
You look tired. You __________ to bed
My boyfriend and I watched a very good programme on TV yesterday evening. You
__________ it too
My father works a lot. He ___________ so much
Smoke is bad for your health. You ___________
It is your brothers birthday today. You ___________ him a present
John is in hospital. We ___________ him
Its very hot this morning. You ___________ that jacket
Seccin 3
My back aches
Me duele la espalda
Margaret: Hello Sophie.
Sophie: Hi Margaret.
Margaret: Whats wrong with you?
Sophie: My back aches.
Margaret: Have you been to the doctors?
Sophie: Yes, I have. I was in a terrible pain yesterday.
Margaret: What have you done?
Sophie: I changed the books from the old shelves to the new ones.
Margaret: I understand now.
Sophie: I was alone, so I did it myself.
Margaret: Why didnt you phone me?
Sophie: You were working.

(Recording 9-5)
UD9
123
Ingls A2
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con las enfermedades y dolencias comunes.
To have a cold Estar resfriado
To have u Tener gripe
To have a temperature Tener ebre
To have diarrhoea Tener diarrea
To be ill Estar enfermo
To be sick Vomitar
To be seasick Marearse en un barco
Illness Enfermedad
Pain Dolor
Headache Dolor de cabeza
Toothache Dolor de muelas
Backache Dolor de espalda
Earache Dolor de odo
Stomachache Dolor de estmago/ de barriga
Heart attack Ataque al corazn
Asthma Asma
Disease Enfermedad (causada por infeccin)
Ejercicio 3
Rellenar las siguientes frases con el vocabulario arriba indicado
My grandfather died of a heart _______
Fiona ate a lot last night and now she has (a) ________
My mother has this ______ in her neck from sleeping in the wrong position
My head hurts, so I have a _________
I stayed in bed because I had a _______. I was sneezing all day
My grandmother couldnt move because she had a terrible ________
(Recording 9-6)
EDicin 5.0 124
Seccin 4
The chemists
La farmacia
Chemist: Good morning.
Client: Good morning.
Chemist: Can I help you?
Client: Yes, please. I have got a terrible pain in my arm.
Chemist: OK. Ill give you some painkillers.
Client: I also need some peroxide and cotton wool.
Chemist: Do you need anything else?
Client: No, thank you.
Chemist: Its sixteen euros.
Client: Sorry. How often do I take the painkillers?
Chemist: One every eight hours.
Client: Thank you very much.
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con la consulta mdica y la farmacia.
Consulta mdica (Ambulatorio) Health centre
Paciente Patient
Receta Prescription
Sala de espera Waiting room
Agua oxigenada Peroxide
Alcohol Alcohol
Algodn hidrlo Cotton wool
Analgsico Painkiller
(Recording 9-7)
(Recording 9-8)
UD9
125
Ingls A2
Anlisis de sangre Blood test
Antibitico Antibiotic
Antiinamatorio Anti-inammatory
Vendaje Bandage
Esparadrapo Sticking plaster
Farmacutico/a Chemist
Farmacia (tienda) Chemists
Jarabe para la tos Cough syrup
Medicamento Medicine
Pastilla Tablet; Pill
Pomada Ointment
Supositorio Suppository
Termmetro Thermometer
Tranquilizante Tranquillizer
Tratamiento Treatment
Ejercicio 4
Traducir las siguientes oraciones
John fue a la farmacia a comprar los medicamentos
Estuvimos tres horas en la sala de espera
Mi primo es farmacutico
Mary llevo a su madre al ambulatorio
Te has tomado ya el analgsico?
Dnde has puesto la receta?
El mdico me dijo que me hiciera un anlisis de sangre
EDicin 5.0 126
Fontica
A continuacin vamos a ver la divisin sorda/sonora que existe entre las consonantes
inglesas:
Sordas Sonoras
/p/ paper /b/ boat
/!/ ve
/d/ day
/0/ think
/g/ game
/s/ sun /v/ love
/t/ tall
// this
/lj/ church /d/ joke
/j/ she // pleasure
/k/ car
/z/ rose
/h/ hat /m/ man
/n/ son
/p/ thing
/I/ long
/j/ yes
/v/ water
/i/ rose
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin sobre una visita al mdico, basndote en lo que has visto
en las Secciones 1,3 y 4 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 9-9)
UD9
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar May y Might para expresar posibilidad
Puedo utilizar Should/Shouldnt/Ought to para deber, conveniencia o
consejo
Puedo utilizar vocabulario relacionado con las enfermedades y dolencias
comunes
Puedo utilizar vocabulario relacionado con la consulta mdica y la
farmacia
127
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 128
UD10
Un n de semana inolvidable!
An unforgettable weekend!
Seccin 1. Famous people
Seccin 2. Have you got a house?
Seccin 3. Faster, please!
Seccin 4. Somewhere to go
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender a describir la apariencia fsica y el carcter
de las personas, Have y Have got, la diferencia entre Have to/Must y Dont
have to/Mustnt, los indenidos compuestos.
Contenidos
Vocabulario para describir la apariencia fsica y el carcter de las
personas
Have y Have got
La diferencia entre Have to/Must y Dont have to/Mustnt
Los indenidos compuestos
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD10
131
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Famous people
Gente famosa
ANTONIO BANDERAS
Antonio Banderas is a Spanish actor. He is tall and thin.
He has got short dark hair. He has got brown eyes. He is
very handsome. He is friendly and very pleasant. He is an
honest man and very cheerful.
MADONNA
Madonna is an American singer. She isnt very tall. She
is slim. She has got long wavy hair. She is blonde. She
has got green eyes. She is pretty. She is clever and hard-
working. She isnt very cheerful.
Lxico
Vocabulario para describir la apariencia fsica y el carcter de las personas.
Apariencia fsica: Carcter:
Tall alto/a friendly amigable
Thin delgado/a pleasant amable
Slim delgado/a sensitive sensible
Short bajo/a honest honesto/a
Fat gordo/a cheerful alegre
Beautiful guapa unfriendly no amigable
(Recording 10-1)
(Recording 10-2)
EDicin 5.0 132
Handsome guapo unpleasant desagradable
Good-looking guapo insensitive insensible
Pretty guapa/bonita dishonest deshonesto/a
Ugly feo/a miserable triste
Plain corriente / no muy
atractiva
clever listo/a
(Pelo) (Hair) hard-working trabajador/a
Straight liso lazy vago/a
Wavy ondulado
Curly rizado
Short corto
Long largo
Blond (e) rubio
Dark moreno
Ejercicio 1
Unir las palabras de la derecha con su correspondiente traduccin de la
izquierda
Amigable Miserable
Delgado/a Insensitive
Guapo Ugly
Insensible Friendly
Feo/a Curly
Triste Lazy
Vago/a Slim
Rizado Handsome
UD10
133
Ingls A2
Seccin 2
Have you got a house?
Tienes casa?
Gramtica
Have y Have got
En ingles Britnico se puede utilizar tanto have como have got para expresar pose-
sin y have to y have got to, con el signicado de tener que:
My friend John has got a dog Mi amigo John tiene un perro
George has a blue car George tiene un coche azul
Mary has got to do an exam Mary tiene que hacer un examen
My mother has to go to the doctors Mi madre tiene que ir al mdico
(Recording 10-3)
(Recording 10-4)
EDicin 5.0 134
Si la oracin negativa se construye con el auxiliar dont/doesnt no se pone got:
He doesnt have a car
He hasntgot/hasnt a car l no tiene coche
Lo mismo ocurre en la oracin interrogativa:
Do you have a car?
Have you got/have you a car? Tienes coche?
Ejercicio 2
Completa las frases con el verbo Have got /have en armativa o negativa
y una de las siguientes expresiones
A headache A problem Many books An umbrella Legs A car Two dogs
Its raining and Im getting wet. I _______________
Brian loves animals. He ______________
My brother always goes to work by bus. He ______________
Kate doesnt feel well. She _____________
A snake ______________
My father doesnt read much. He _______________
John is sad. He _______________
Seccin 3
Faster, please!
Ms rpido, por favor!
Bill: I have bought a new car.
Richard: You have to show me your new car.
Bill: We can go to the cinema in my new car
Richard: OK.
Bill: Do you like it?
Richard: Yes, I do. Go faster, please!
Bill: We mustnt run. The police will stop us.
Richard: You have to show me how fast it can run.
Bill: No, I dont have to.
Richard: You are so boring!
(Recording 10-5)
UD10
135
Ingls A2
Gramtica
Diferencia entre Have to/Must y Dont have to/Mustnt
Must es similar a have to y ambos expresan la necesidad de hacer algo y equivalen
a grandes rasgos en espaol a deber/tener que:
George must/has to go to university
George debe/tiene que ir a la
universidad
I havent seen Mary for ages. I must
visit her
No he visto a Mary hace aos. Debo
visitarla
I have to go to the o ce every day Tengo que ir a la ocina todos los das
Mustnt se usa para decir que no se
debe hacer algo:
I mustnt be late
No debo llegar tarde (debo llegar a
tiempo)
Havent to, al igual que neednt, tse
usa para decir que no hay necesidad
de hacer algo:
You dont have to do/you needt do
the exam, but you can if you want to
T no tienes que hacer el examen, pero
puedes si quieres
Ejercicio 3.
Completar las siguientes frases con must/mustnt o have/has to/dont
have to.
Ill tell you a secret, but you _______ tell anyone
You ________ do the exam, but you can if you want to
We ________ arrive late. Richard will get annoyed
I ________ work from eight to three every day
John ______ get up early tomorrow because he _______ do an exam
I havent seen my cousin for ages. I _________ visit her
I ________ go to school from Monday to Friday
Its Sunday tomorrow. We ___________ get up early
(Recording 10-6)
EDicin 5.0 136
Seccin 4
Somewhere to go
Algn lugar donde ir
Carol: Hi Rachel.
Rachel: Hi Carol.
Carol: Im on holiday and I want to go somewhere.
Rachel: Well, last month I was on holiday and I went
to the beach.
Carol: Where did you go?
Rachel: I went to the south of Spain.
Carol: Did you go with anybody?
Rachel: Yes, I did. I went with my boyfriend.
Carol: I want to visit Rome and see everything.
Rachel: Thats a good idea. Are you going alone?
Carol: I think my brother is coming with me.
Gramtica
Los indenidos compuestos
Los compuestos de some, any, no y every son los siguientes:
Somebody/someone Alguien
Anybody/anyone Alguien, nadie, cualquiera, cualquier persona
Nobody/no one Nadie
Something Algo
Anything Algo, nada, cualquier cosa
Nothing Nada
Everybody/everyone Todos
Everything Todo
Somewhere En algn lugar
Anywhere En algn lugar, en un ningn lugar, en cualquier lugar
Nowhere En ningn lugar
Everywhere En todas partes
(Recording 10-7)
(Recording 10-8)
UD10
137
Ingls A2
Los compuestos se utilizan igual en las oraciones armativas, negativas e interro-
gativas que some, any, no. Se pone el verbo en singular:
I can see somebody/someone in the
garden
Puedo ver a alguien en el jardn
You cant give Sue anything No puedes darle nada a Sue
You can do nothing No puedes hacer nada
He can sleep anywhere Puede dormer en cualquier parte
Ejercicio 4
Completar las frases con los compuestos de some, any, no o every
There is ________ in my bedroom. Who is he?
Im very hungry. Im going to have __________ to eat
Are you going ___________ this weekend?
I am alone at home. There is ___________ here
The bag is empty. There isnt __________ inside
My friend lives ____________ in the south of Spain
I arrived at the o ce very early and there wasnt ____________ there
The fridge is empty. There is ___________ inside
Fontica
Formas Fuertes y dbiles
En ingls la mayora de las palabras (nombres, adjetivos, adverbios, verbos, etc.)
slo tienen una pronunciacin posible. Pero algunas palabras, tienen una pro nun-
ciacin con vocal dbil a consecuencia de la debilitacin de las slabas no acentuadas
dentro de la frase, distinta a la que tiene la palabra cuando se pronuncia con forma
fuerte, es decir, aisladamente. Veamos algunos ejemplos:
Forma dbil Forma fuerte
Am
/om/ /m/
An
/on/ /n/
(Recording 10-9)
EDicin 5.0 138
Forma dbil Forma fuerte
And
/ond/ /nd/
Are
/o/ /u:/
At
/ol/ /l/
He
/hI/ /hI:/
Is
/s/, /z/ /iz/
She
/jI/ /jI:/
The
/o/ /I:/
To
/lu/, /lu/, /lo/ /lu:/
You
/ju/, /jo/ /ju:/
Listado completo de palabras que poseen forma dbil y fuerte en ingls:
A, am, an, and, are, as, at, be, been, but, can, could, do/does (auxiliar), for, from,
had/has/have (auxiliar), he, her, him, his, is, me, must, of, or, shall, she, should,
some, than, that, the, them, there, to, us, was, were, will, would, you, your.
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribir una composicin describiendo la apariencia fsica y el carcter de un
famoso o una famosa a la que admires, basndote en lo que has visto en la Seccin
1 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
UD10
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar vocabulario para describir la apariencia fsica y el carcter
de las personas
Puedo utilizar Have y Have got y have to/have got to
Puedo diferenciar Have to/Must y Dont have to/Mustnt
Puedo utilizar los indenidos compuestos
139
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 140
UD11
Cambiando mi vida!
Changing my life!
Seccin 1. You can do it yourself!
Seccin 2. He used to love me!
Seccin 3. What are you looking for?
Seccin 4. The best and the worst
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender los pronombres reexivos y recprocos, used
to, los phrasal verbs ms usuales, los adjetivos comparativos y superlativos
irregulares.
Contenidos
Los pronombres reexivos y recprocos
Used to
Los phrasal verbs ms usuales
Los adjetivos comparativos y superlativos irregulares
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD11
143
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
You can do it yourself!
Puedes hacerlo t mismo/a!
Veronica: Hello Sue.
Sue: Hello Veronica.
Veronica: What are you doing?
Sue: Im trying to x these shelves for my new books.
Veronica: You are a handywoman! (manitas).
Sue: I think I need some help.
Veronica: I think you can do it yourself
Sue: Well, Ive been all morning and I havent nished yet.
Veronica: OK. Ill help you.
Sue: Thank you very much.
Gramtica
Los pronombres reexivos y recprocos
Los pronombres reexivos en ingls son:
myself me, yo mismo
yourself te, t mismo, se, usted mismo
himself se, l mismo
herself se, ella misma
itself se, ello mismo
oneself uno, se, uno mismo
ourselves nos, nosotros mismos
yourselves os, vosotros mismos, se, ustedes mismos
themselves se, ellos mismos, ellas mismas
Ejemplos:
He cut himself with a knife Se cort con un cuchillo
Im angry with myself Estoy enfadado conmigo mismo
She enjoyed herself on the beach Se divirti en la playa
(Recording 11-1)
(Recording 11-2)
EDicin 5.0 144
Los reexivos no pueden utilizarse como recprocos en ingls. Como recprocos se
usan los distributivos each other y one another (vase tambin Seccin 3, Unidad 5):
Peter and Mary looked at each other/
one another
Peter y Mary se miraron (el uno al otro)
= recproco
Peter and Mary looked at themselves Peter y Mary se miraron (cada uno a s
mismo) = reexivo
Ejercicio 1
Completar las frases con el pronombre reexivo correspondiente o con
el pronombre recproco
I cut ________ with a knife last night
They kissed ___________ at the party
My mother cut her hair __________
They love ___________ a lot
He has made that furniture __________
We made lunch ___________
Seccin 2
He used to love me!
Sola quererme!
I used to live in a big house with my husband. We got married three years
ago. He used to love me! One day when I was going back home from work,
I saw him talking to a very pretty woman. I asked him and he said he had
fallen in love with that woman. We got divorced and now Im living in a
small at with a friend. I used to work as a teacher in the village school.
Now Im working in a clothes shop.
Gramtica
Used to
El verbo used to tiene slo esta forma used. Signica soler en espaol, y se tra-
duce por el pretrito imperfecto de dicho verbo:
(Recording 11-3)
(Recording 11-4)
UD11
145
Ingls A2
Forma armativa e
interrogativa
Forma negativa sin
contraer
Forma negativa
contrada
Pasado used to
used not to
(poco usada)
usednt
(poco usada)
Used to se emplea sobre todo en oraciones armativas, para indicar algo que
suceda o se haca en el pasado de manera continuada y que ha dejado de ocurrir
o de hacerse:
I used to play rugby at school
Yo sola jugar/jugaba al rugby en el
colegio
He used to live in London l sola vivir/viva en Londres
She used to play the piano Ella sola tocar/tocaba el piano
En las oraciones interrogativas se suele utiliza use con did (en vez de used to?):
Did she use to study English? Sola estudiar ingls?
En las oraciones negativas se suele utiliza use con didnt (en vez de used not to/
usednt to):
We didnt use to eat hamburgers No solamos comer hamburguesas
Ejercicio 2
Completar las frases con used to + uno de los siguientes verbos
Study Travel Eat Play
Read Swim Watch Live
I _______ a lot and got very good marks
My brother ________ to a lot of dierent countries
We _______ pizzas
She _________ the guitar
Your father ________ that newspaper
I ________ in my parents swimming-pool
Kate _________ a lot of lms on TV
Veronica _________ alone. Now she lives with her boyfriend
EDicin 5.0 146
Seccin 3
What are you looking for?
Qu ests buscando?
Shop assistant: Good morning.
Client: Good morning.
Shop assistant: Can I help you?
Client: Yes, please.
Shop assistant: What are you looking for?
Client: Ive thrown away a lot of old clothes and I need to buy some new
clothes.
Shop assistant: OK. What do you need?
Client: I need some trousers, some shirts and some shoes.
Shop assistant: Lets see.
Gramtica
Phrasal Verbs
Los phrasal verbs (verbos frasales) consisten en un verbo + un adverbio o prepo si-
cin. Algunos phrasal verbs tienen signicados fcilmente deducibles:
To look for sb/sth Buscar a alguien/algo
To pick sb/sth up Recoger a alguien/algo
Sin embargo, existen otros phrasal verbs, cuya traduccin no es tan deducible, por
lo que aprenderlos exige un mayor esfuerzo de memoria:
To get over an illness Recuperarse de una enfermedad
To look into sth Investigar algo
Hay ademas algunos phrasal verbs que pueden tener varios signicados, segn el
contexto:
To take o (clothes) Quitarse (la ropa)
To take o (a plane) Despegar (un avin)
A veces, hay dos partculas:
To look forward to sth Estar deseando algo
To put up with sth/sb Aguantar, soportar algo o a alguien
(Recording 11-5)
(Recording 11-6)
UD11
147
Ingls A2
A continuacin damos un listado de algunos de los phrasal verbs ms usuales:
Break down averiarse
Carry on seguir, continuar
Come back regresar
Find out averiguar
Get o bajar (de un autobus, tren)
Get on subir (a un autobus, tren, moto)
Get on with sb llevarse bien con alguien
Get on with sth hacer progresos en algo
Get over (an illness) recuperarse de una enfermedad
Get up levantarse
Give back devolver
Give up dejar (de fumar, beber)
Look after cuidar
Look for buscar
Look forward to esperar con ilusin,
estar deseando algo
To look into investigar
To pick up recoger
Put o aplazar
Put on ponerse (ropa)
Take o despegar
Take o quitarse (ropa)
Throw away tirar (a la basura)
Turn down bajar (el volumen)
Turn up subir (el volumen)
EDicin 5.0 148
Ejercicio 3
Completar las frases con uno de los siguientes phrasal verbs en su tiempo
correcto
Come back Throw
away
Get o Give up Turn up Take o
I cant hear the radio. Can you _______ it ______?
Roger has gone to the cinema. He will _________ in two hours
My brother _________ smoking last year
I fell when I was __________ the bus
The plane __________ late yesterday because of the fog
Kate __________ a lot of old clothes and bought new ones
Seccin 4
The best and the worst
Lo mejor y lo peor
Jane: Hi John.
John: Hi Jane.
Jane: What did you do last night?
John: I went to the cinema.
Jane: What lm did you see?
John: I saw Lope.
Jane: Was it good?
John: Its the best lm I have ever seen.
Jane: What is it about?
John: Its about a classic Spanish writer.
Jo
Ja
Jo
Ja
Jo
(Recording 11-7)
UD11
149
Ingls A2
Gramtica
Los adjetivos comparativos y superlativos irregulares
Hay una serie de adjetivos comparativos y superlativos en ingls que se forman de
manera irregular:
Good bueno better the best
Bad malo worse the worst
Hay algunos que tienen dos formas en su comparativo y en su superlativo con
pequeos matices en su signicado (vase NOTA):
Late tarde later/latter the latest/the last
Old viejo older/elder the oldest/the eldest
Far lejos farther/further the farthest/the furthest
NOTA:
Later signica ms tarde, latter signica el ltimo de dos mencionados an-
te riormente
The latest signica el ms reciente
The last signica el ltimo
Older y the oldest son las formas ms usuales y signican ms viejo y el ms
viejo
Elder y the eldest se usan slo para personas
Farther y further ambos signican ms lejos
Furthest y farthest signican ambos el ms lejano, lo ms lejos
Further puede tener tambin el signicado de adicional: further information
(informacin adicional).
(Recording 11-8)
EDicin 5.0 150
Ejercicio 4
Traducir las siguientes oraciones
Es la mejor pelcula que he visto en mi vida
Mi casa est ms lejos que la tuya
David es mi hermano mayor
Esta es la casa ms vieja de mi ciudad
El libro nuevo es peor que el antiguo
Ir de compras ms tarde
Fontica
El acento
En ingls nos encontramos con acento en las palabras como en espaol, pero no
existe tilde a diferencia del espaol. Hay muy pocas palabras con tilde en ingls:
Caf /'L!ci/ caf/cafetera
En ingls hay palabras que se escriben igual y se pronuncian de forma diferente,
segn el acento recaiga en una u otra slaba:
Present (sustantivo) /'piczonl/
Present (verbo) /pii'zcnl/
Existen una serie de palabras en ingls con varias slabas que adems de su acento
principal, contienen otro acento llamado secundario, y sirve para impedir que la
vocal que lo lleve se debilite:
Calculation /LILjo'Icijon/
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin con las cosas que solas hacer antes y que ya no haces,
basndote en lo que has visto en la Seccin 2 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta
palabras.
(Recording 11-9)
UD11
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar los pronombres reexivos y recprocos
Puedo utilizar oraciones con Used to
Puedo utilizar los phrasal verbs ms usuales
Puedo utilizar los adjetivos comparativos y superlativos irregulares
151
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 152
UD12
Vida salvaje
Wild life
Seccin 1. Hes about to come
Seccin 2. I enjoy looking after my pets
Seccin 3. As fast as a lion
Seccin 4. Living with animals
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender los verbos que van seguidos de otro
verbo en innitivo con to, los verbos que van seguidos de otro verbo en
gerundio (-ing), el comparativo de igualdad y el de inferioridad, vocabulario
relacionado con la fauna y la ora.
Contenidos
Los verbos que van seguidos de otro verbo en innitivo con to
Los verbos que van seguidos de otro verbo en gerundio (forma en -ing)
El comparativo de igualdad y el de inferioridad
Vocabulario relacionado con la fauna y la ora
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD12
155
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Hes about to come
Est a punto de llegar
Richard: Where is your brother?
Sue: He has gone to the supermarket.
Richard: Hasnt he come yet?
Sue: No, he hasnt. Why?
Richard: I asked him to go to the supermarket to buy something and I need it now.
Sue: Ill phone him on his mobile phone.
Richard: OK.
Sue: Dont worry. Hes about to come with it.
Richard: Thank you Sue.
Gramtica
Verbos que se construyen con innitivo
A continuacin damos una serie de verbos que se construyen con innitivo con to,
es decir, construcciones con un verbo + un innitivo con to:
To agree estar de acuerdo en hacer algo,
acordar
To ask pedir
To be about to estar a punto de
Cannot aord no poder permitirse el lujo de
To decide decidir
To expect esperar (creer que algo va a ocurrir)
To help ayudar
To hope esperar (desear que algo ocurra)
To oer ofrecer
To prepare prepararse para
To promise prometer
To want querer
To wish desear
(Recording 12-1)
(Recording 12-2)
EDicin 5.0 156
Ejercicio 1
Elegir un verbo y ponerlo en innitivo con to en las siguientes oraciones
Go Eat Buy See Help Do
Richard agreed _______ a new car because the old one was broken
My mother decided _________ to the beach because it was very sunny
I wish _______ my brother. I havent seen him for a month
Im very hungry. I want ________ something
She needs some help with the exam, so I promised ________ her
John cant x the furniture. I oered __________ it myself
Seccin 2
I enjoy looking after my pets
Disfruto cuidando de mis animales de compaa
My name is Tony. I live in a house in the country. It is a very
big house because I have a lot of animals. I have dogs, cats,
parrots, hamsters, etc. I enjoy looking after my pets. I know
I have to spend a lot of time with them, but Im very happy
doing it. It is worth having a lot of animals because you are
never alone. The problem is I cant help taking home every
abandoned animal I see in the street.
Gramtica
Verbos que se construyen con la forma en ing
A continuacin damos una serie de verbos que se construyen con -ing, es decir,
construcciones con un verbo + un gerundio (forma en ing):
(Recording 12-3)
(Recording 12-4)
UD12
157
Ingls A2
To avoid evitar
To be worth valer la pena
Cannot help no poder evitar
To consider considerar
To deny negar
To enjoy disfrutar, encantarle a uno hacer algo
To feel like apetecer
To nish terminar
To give up renunciar, dejar de hacer
To look forward to estar deseando
(Not) to mind (no) importar hacer algo
To miss echar de menos
To practise practicar
To suggest sugerir
Verbos que se construyen con innitivo con to o forma en ing sin cambio de
signicado
Hay una serie de verbos que pueden construirse con innitivo to o forma en ing
indistintamente:
To begin empezar
To continue continuar
To hate odiar
To like gustar
To love encantar
To start empezar
EDicin 5.0 158
Ejercicio 2
Poner los verbos entre parntesis en innitivo con to o forma en ing
He agreed ______ to the cinema with me (Come)
My mother doesnt mind ________ me with my homework (Help)
She wants _________ around the world (Travel)
Richard gave up ________ last month (Smoke)
Kate cant aord ________ to New York with us this summer (Go)
I enjoy ________ a lot (Read)
I hope _________ all my exams in June (Pass)
Im looking forward to _______ you next weekend (See)
Seccin 3
As fast as a lion
Tan rpido como un len
Graham: My brother told me you have bought a new car.
Ian: Yes, I have. Do you want to see it?
Graham: Of course. I love cars.
Ian: This is my new car. What do you think?
Graham: Its wonderful.
Ian: Its as fast as a lion.
Graham: Can I try it?
Ian: Of course.
Graham: Where shall we go?
Ian: We can drive on the motorway to the coast and you will see how fast it
can go.
Gramtica
Comparativo de igualdad
El comparativo de igualdad se forma con el adjetivo en grado positivo colocado
entre la estructura asas para las oraciones armativas, y not asas o not soas
en las oraciones negativas:
(Recording 12-5)
(Recording 12-6)
UD12
159
Ingls A2
He is as clever as she Es tan listo como ella
He is not as/so clever as she No es tan listo como ella
Comparativo de inferioridad
El comparativo de inferioridad se forma con el adjetivo en grado positivo colocado
entre la estructura less...than:
Peter is less rich than John Peter es menos rico que John
Ejercicio 3
Poner los adjetivos entre parntesis en comparativo de igualdad o de
inferioridad
He is __________ she. They have passed all their exams (Clever)
Peter is _________ John. Peter cant aord to buy a house (Rich)
Richard is _________ Tony. They are both fat (Fat)
My house is __________ to the beach ______ yours. Yours is nearer than mine
(Near)
We both walk quickly. John walks __________ me (Quickly)
Seccin 4
Living with animals
Viviendo con animales
Mary: Hi Tom.
Tom: Hi Mary.
Mary: What are you doing here?
Tom: Im going to buy a spider.
Mary: You are crazy!
Tom: I know. But I love living with animals.
Mary: But a spider!
Tom: I like all type of animals.
Mary: I like animals, but I wouldnt have a spider in my house.
Tom: I dont like having dogs or cats, I like more exotic pets like spiders and
snakes.
(Recording 12-7)
EDicin 5.0 160
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con la fauna y la ora
Fauna:
Araa Spider
Ballena Whale
Caballo Horse
Camello Camel
Canguro Kangaroo
Cerdo Pig
Cocodrilo Crocodile
Conejo Rabbit
Delfn Dolphin
Elefante Elephant
Gato Cat
Hmster Hamster
Hormiga Ant
Jirafa Girae
Len Lion
Lobo Wolf
Loro Parrot
Mariposa Buttery
Mono Monkey
Mosca Fly
Oso Bear
Pato Duck
Perro Dog
Pingino Penguin
Rana Frog
Rata Rat
Ratn Mouse
Serpiente Snake
Tigre Tiger
(Recording 12-8)
UD12
161
Ingls A2
Toro Bull
Tortuga Tortoise (terrestre); Turtle (marina)
Vaca Cow
Zorro Fox
Flora:
Flor Flower
Ramo Bouquet
Clavel Carnation
Margarita Daisy
Gardenia Gardenia
Lavanda Lavender
Magnolia Magnolia
Orqudea Orchid
Petunia Petunia
Rosa Rose
Tulipn Tulip
Violeta Violet
Ejercicio 4
Unir las palabras de la izquierda con su correspondiente traduccin de la
izquierda
Ballena Ant
Conejo Frog
Hormiga Lavender
Lobo Fox
Oso Whale
Rana Wolf
Serpiente Carnation
Zorro Bear
Clave Rabbit
Lavanda Snake
EDicin 5.0 162
Fontica
Entonacin
La entonacin en ingls es la variacin en el tono de voz que se produce cuando
hablamos. Existen dos tipos fundamentales de entonacin:
La entonacin descendente, usada principalmente en armaciones y en preguntas
que piden una informacin concreta, que se produce bajando el tono de voz:
I want to sleep
What time is it?
La entonacin ascendente, usada principalmente en preguntas que piden s o no
como respuesta y en ruegos o peticiones, se produce subiendo el tono de voz en la
ltima slaba acentuada:
Are we going to the party tonight?
Shall we go to the beach?
Please, close the window
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin sobre tu animal o tus animales domsticos, basndote en
lo que has visto en la Seccin 2 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 12-9)
UD12
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar los verbos que van seguidos de otro verbo en innitivo
con to
Puedo utilizar los verbos que van seguidos de otro verbo en gerundio
(forma en -ing)
Puedo utilizar el comparativo de igualdad y el de inferioridad
Puedo utilizar vocabulario relacionado con la fauna y la ora
163
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 164
UD13
Me encanta mi trabajo
I love my job
Seccin 1. Lunch is served
Seccin 2. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare
Seccin 3. A kind old man
Seccin 4. Work, work, work!
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender las oraciones pasivas en presente, las ora-
ciones pasivas en pasado, la colocacin del adjetivo, vocabulario rela cionado
con el trabajo.
Contenidos
Las oraciones pasivas en presente
Las oraciones pasivas en pasado
La colocacin del adjetivo
Vocabulario relacionado con el trabajo
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD13
167
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Lunch is served
El almuerzo est servido
Peter: Hello.
Fiona: Hi. How has your
day been?
Peter: Im very tired and
very hungry.
Fiona: Well, dont worry.
Lunch is served.
Peter: Oh, thats perfect.
Fiona: What have you done?
Peter: We had to nish a house for today.
Fiona: Have you nished?
Peter: Thats the problem. The house was nished
yesterday afternoon, but the kitchen hasnt
got any ttings.
Fiona: And what are you going to do?
Peter: Im going after lunch to nish it with the rest
of workers.
Gramtica
La voz pasiva - 1
Introduccin.
La voz pasiva se forma con el verbo auxiliar to be (ser) y el participio pasado del
verbo principal.
El sujeto de un verbo en pasiva corresponde al objeto de un verbo en activa:
They murdered him. (active) He was murdered (passive)
Lo asesinaron Fue asesinado
(Recording 13-1)
(Recording 13-2)
EDicin 5.0 168
Para decir quin haca la accin o qu la causaba, se usa by:
The apple was eaten by Peter La manzana fue comida por Peter
La voz pasiva se suele utilizar cuando se desconoce o no interesa mencionar quin
realiza la accin: The house you liked was sold last month La casa que te gustaba
fue vendida/se vendi el mes pasado.
La voz pasiva en presente
Presente simple:
Se forma con el verbo to be en presente (am/is/are) + el participio del verbo prin-
ci pal.
Peter drives the car every day The car is driven every day by Peter
Peter conduce el coche todos los das El coche es conducido todos los das
por Peter
Presente continuo:
Se forma con el verbo to be en presente (am/is/are) + being + el participio del verbo
principal.
They are repairing my car My car is being repaired
Ellos estn reparando mi coche Mi coche est siendo reparado
Ejercicio 1
Poner las siguientes frases en pasiva en present simple o present
continuous
They clean the carpets (alfombras) every month
The workers are building a house
Jackie is cooking lunch
They teach French at that school
My mother is ironing (planchando) my shirt
My father repairs cars
They saw him in Paris
UD13
169
Ingls A2
Seccin 2
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare
Hamlet lo escribi Shakespeare
Sue: What are you reading?
Giselle: Im reading Hamlet.
Sue: Who wrote that?
Giselle: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
Sue: I havent read anything by Shakespeare.
Giselle: He is one of the best writers in England.
Sue: I dont like reading much.
Giselle: I can see that. Its incredible you dont know this writer.
Sue: Well, you know I prefer Science to Literature.
Giselle: That isnt an excuse.
Gramtica
La voz pasiva - 2
La voz pasiva en pasado.
Pasado simple:
Se forma con el verbo auxiliar to be en pasado (was/were) + el participio del verbo
principal.
Agatha Christie wrote this novel This novel was written by Agatha
Christie
Agatha Christie escribi esta novela Esta novela fue escrita por Agatha
Christie
Pasado continuo:
Se forma con el verbo to be en pasado (was/were) + being + el participio del verbo
principal.
They were watering the plants The plants were being watered
Estaban regando las plantas Las plantas estaban siendo regadas
(Recording 13-3)
(Recording 13-4)
EDicin 5.0 170
Ejercicio 2
Poner las siguientes frases en pasiva en past simple o past continuous
Peter drove the car yesterday
They were repairing my car yesterday
The postman brought a registered letter (carta certicada)
My mother was cooking dinner
The workers were building a house
The teacher taught the passive yesterday
The cleaners were cleaning the o ce
Seccin 3
A kind old man
Un hombre mayor y amable
Robert: How are you Victor?
Victor: Im very well. And you?
Robert: Im very busy.
Victor: Why?
Robert: Because Im looking after my wifes father.
Victor: Whats the matter with him?
Robert: He is ill and he is alone.
Victor: Is he staying at your house?
Robert: Yes, he is. He is a kind old man, but we have to be with him all day.
Victor: Oh, thats a pity. You know I can help you.
Robert: Thank you very much.
(Recording 13-5)
UD13
171
Ingls A2
Gramtica
La colocacin del adjetivo
En ingls existe la posibilidad de colocar el adjetivo en dos posiciones distintas:
Posicin atributiva. Se colocan como norma general delante del nombre al que
calican:
An interesting lm Una pelcula interesante
A nice house Una casa bonita
Si existe ms de un adjetivo, se colocan igualmente delante.
A nice big house Una casa grande y bonita
Posicin predicativa. Se colocan detrs del verbo:
This house is big Esta casa es grande
Ms de un adjetivo en la frase
Si hay ms de un adjetivo acompaando al sustantivo en la frase se sigue el si-
guiente orden:
Opinin personal:
Beautiful, ugly, nice, lovely, friendly...
Tamao:
Big, small, huge...
Aspectos generales:
Sporty, dirty, quiet, expensive, strong...
Edad:
Old, new, young...
Forma:
Round, square, wide, narrow...
(Recording 13-6)
EDicin 5.0 172
Personalidad:
Shy, ambitious, arrogant...
Color:
Red, yellow, blue...
Material:
Plastic, wooden, metallic...
Origen:
Russian, Spanish, European...
Ejercicio 3
Poner los adjetivos entre parntesis en la posicin correcta
A _____________ man (old, kind)
A ________________ car (new, small, blue)
She has _________________ hair (black, beautiful, long)
A ___________________ church (old, beautiful, big)
Goya was _________________painter (Spanish, famous)
Jane is a ____________________ woman (young, English, lovely)
I met an ___________________ man (Russian, interesting, young)
Seccin 4
Work, work, work!
Trabajo, trabajo, trabajo!
Victoria: Hello. This is Victoria. Can I speak to Anthony, please?
Anthony: Hello Victoria. This is Anthony.
Victoria: Hi Anthony. Ive been phoning you since last Friday.
Anthony: Well, Ive been very busy working.
Victoria: Work, work, work! You are always working.
Anthony: You are right. But Ive opened a new shop and I have to be there.
Victoria: How many shops have you got now?
Anthony: I have three with the new one.
Victoria: OK. I need your help because .
(Recording 13-7)
UD13
173
Ingls A2
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con el trabajo
Aprendiz Trainee; Apprentice
Contratar To employ
Contrato de trabajo Work contract
Despido Dismissal
Da laborable; Da de trabajo Working day; Workday
Empleado Employee
Empleo Employment; Job
Empresario Employer
Huelga Strike
Jubilacin Retirement
Obrero Worker
Ocio Trade; Craft
Parado Unemployed person
Paro; Desempleo Unemployment
Personal Sta
Salario; Sueldo Pay; Wage; Salary
Solicitar un empleo To apply for a job
Trabajo Work
Ejercicio 4
Traducir las siguientes oraciones
Mi padre ha contratado a una nueva persona este mes
Hay una huelga la semana que viene
Mi abuelo es empresario
Hay mucho personal en mi compaa
Mi salario es muy pequeo
He tenido mucho trabajo ltimamente (lately = ltimamente)
Mi primo est solicitando un trabajo
(Recording 13-8)
EDicin 5.0 174
Ortografa
Modicaciones grcas
Debe tenerse en cuenta las modicaciones siguientes cuando aadamos los sujos
-er y -est para formar el comparativo y superlativo de los adjetivos:
1 . Los terminados en -e aaden slo -r y -st:
nice bonito nicer the nicest
2. Los terminados en -y precedida de consonante transforman -y en -i:
happy feliz happier the happiest
3. Los terminados en una sola consonante, precedida de una vocal escrita con
una sola letra, doblan la consonante nal:
big grande bigger the biggest
hot caliente hotter the hottest
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin utilizando varios adjetivos a la vez en su correcta posicin,
basndote en lo que has visto en la Seccin 3 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta
palabras.
(Recording 13-9)
UD13
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo construir oraciones pasivas en presente
Puedo construir oraciones pasivas en pasado
Puedo colocar los adjetivos en su posicin correcta
Puedo utilizar vocabulario relacionado con el trabajo
175
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 176
UD14
Amistad
Friendship
Seccin 1. Becoming rich
Seccin 2. I have a wonderful friend
Seccin 3. I gave her a present
Seccin 4. New technologies
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender la complementacin copulativa, la comple-
mentacin monotransitiva, la complementacin ditransitiva, vocabulario
re la cionado con la informtica.
Contenidos
La complementacin copulativa
La complementacin monotransitiva
La complementacin ditransitiva
Vocabulario relacionado con la informtica
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD14
179
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Becoming rich
Llegando a ser rico
Margaret: Hi Judith.
Judith: Hello Margaret.
Margaret: What are you doing?
Judith: Im going to buy some lottery.
Margaret: Ive just bought some lottery myself.
Judith: Can you imagine becoming rich?
Margaret I would go crazy.
Judith: I would buy a new house and give money to my family.
Margaret: I would nish paying my house and travel around the world.
Judith: Well, Im going to get the lottery tickets because the shop is going to
close.
Gramtica
Complementacin copulativa
Se forma con el sujeto + verbo + atributo:
Jane is a teacher Jane es profesora
Los verbos copulativos ms usuales son:
To be ser o estar
To feel sentir(se)
To seem parecer
To smell oler
To taste saber
To sound sonar
To stay permanecer
To become llegar a ser
(Recording 14-1)
(Recording 14-2)
EDicin 5.0 180
Ejercicio 1
Poner cada uno de los verbos de la lista de arriba en la frase correcta y en
su tiempo correcto
Mary ______ a policewoman
My cousin ________ a rich man last year
This music _________ very nice
The cake _________ delicious
I _________ in a luxurious hotel this weekend
I __________ sad when my cat died
That meal _________ good
It _________ its going to rain
Seccin 2
I have a wonderful friend
Tengo un amigo maravilloso
Jack: Hello Frank.
Frank: Hello Jack.
Jack: Whats the matter, Frank?
Frank: I have a problem.
Jack: Tell me.
Frank: I have an English exam next week and I dont
know anything.
Jack: Dont worry. Ill help you with the exam. I have
studied English for three years.
Frank: I have a wonderful friend!
Jack: T hank you. Lets meet this afternoon at 5 oclock.
Frank: Thats perfect.
(Recording 14-3)
UD14
181
Ingls A2
Gramtica
Complementacin monotransitiva
Se forma con el sujeto + verbo transitivo + objeto directo:
She bought a book Se compr un libro
Ejercicio 2
Construir frases con los elementos dados en su tiempo correcto
She/buy/a new dishwasher (lavavajillas)
They/eat/pizza/last night
My brother/have/an exam/yesterday
My parents/buy/a new house/next year
I/read/an interesting book/last month
Richard/paint/a room/now
Sue/cook/dinner/tomorrow
Seccin 3
I gave her a present
Le di un regalo
Sue: Good morning. Can I speak to Philip, please?
Philip: This is Philip speaking. Whos phoning?
Sue: Hello Philip. This is Sue.
Philip: Hello Sue. How are you?
Sue: Very well, thanks. Do you know its Kates birthday today?
Philip: Oh, I forgot.
Sue: I gave her a present this morning and she told me she is having a party
tonight.
Philip: OK. Ill go now and buy her a present.
Sue: You can give it to her tonight.
Philip: All right.
(Recording 14-4)
(Recording 14-5)
EDicin 5.0 182
Gramtica
Complementacin ditransitiva
Se forma con el sujeto + verbo + objeto indirecto + objeto directo:
He gave her a present Le dio un regalo
Los siguientes verbos se pueden utilizar para construir estructuras oracionales
ditransitivas:
To give dar
To bring traer
To read leer
To sell vender
To send enviar
To show mostrar
To teach ensear
To tell decir
To write escribir
To buy comprar
Ejercicio 3
Construir frases con los elementos dados en su tiempo correcto
Philip/give/Mary/a present
My mother/buy/me/a new book
My teacher/teach/me/the passive voice/yesterday
Mary/bring/her sister/a beautiful plant
John/send/his cousin/an email/now
Sue/show/me/her new house/last week
Peter/tell/Veronica/a secret
(Recording 14-6)
UD14
183
Ingls A2
Seccin 4
New technologies
Nuevas tecnologas
Richard: Hello Robert.
Robert: Hi Richard.
Richard: What are you doing?
Robert: Im taking my new laptop to the shop.
Richard: Why are you taking it to the shop?
Robert: Because there is something wrong with the driver.
Richard: Whats the matter?
Robert: I try to run a programme and the computer restarts itself.
Richard: That sounds bad.
Robert: I hate new technologies.
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con la informtica
Boot inicio, arranque
Buer memoria intermedia, memoria
simulada
Card tarjeta
Delete borrar, eliminar
Desktop escritorio
Download descarga, descargar
Driver controlador
File archivo, carpeta
Input entrada
Install instalar
Log on iniciar una sesin, entrar en el sistema
Log o salir del sistema
O- line desconectado(a), fuera de (la) lnea
(Recording 14-7)
(Recording 14-8)
EDicin 5.0 184
Online conectado(a), en lnea
Output salida
Password contrasea, clave de acceso
Restart reiniciar
Run ejecutar
Search bsqueda, buscar
Uninstall desinstalar
Update actualizar
Upload subir, cargar, montar (un archivo)
Ejercicio 4
Unir las palabras de la izquierda con su correspondiente traduccin de la
derecha
Desktop Instalar
Download Reiniciar
Driver Subir, cargar, montar (un archivo)
File Iniciar una sesin
Install Escritorio
Log on Archivo, carpeta
Online Bsqueda, buscar
Restart Descarga, descargar
Search Conectado(a), en lnea
Upload Controlador, gestor
Fontica
El ritmo
El ritmo se reere a las palabras con slaba acentuada que destacan claramente
sobre el resto en una frase. Dichas palabras que se pronuncian con mayor intensidad
(Recording 14-9)
UD14
185
Ingls A2
son las que aportan mayor informacin, como por ejemplo, los sustantivos, los ad-
jetivos, los adverbios, los verbos principales. El resto de palabras, como por ejemplo,
los artculos, las preposiciones, los verbos auxiliares, son las que se pronuncian sin
acentuar. Por ejemplo, en la siguiente frase: I went to the cinema with my sister
yesterday, las palabras que se pronuncian con mayor intensidad son went, cinema,
sister y yesterday. El resto se pronuncian sin acentuar.
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin sobre las nuevas tecnologas (ordenadores), basndote
en lo que has visto en la Seccin 4 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
EDicin 5.0 186
UD14
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo construir estructuras oracionales copulativas
Puedo construir estructuras oracionales monotransitivas
Puedo construir estructuras oracionales ditransitivas
Puedo utilizar vocabulario relacionado con la informtica
187
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 188
UD15
Decisiones
Decisions
Seccin 1. My cousin and I
Seccin 2. To go or not to go
Seccin 3. I went but
Seccin 4. This isnt enough
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender las oraciones coordinadas copulativas, las
oraciones coordinadas disyuntivas, las oraciones coordinadas adversativas,
too much/too many/(not) enough.
Contenidos
Las oraciones coordinadas copulativas
Las oraciones coordinadas disyuntivas
Las oraciones coordinadas adversativas
Too much/too many/(not) enough
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD15
191
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
My cousin and I
Mi primo/a y yo
Jackie: Hello. Can I speak to Rose, please?
Rose: This is Rose. Whos speaking?
Jackie: Hello Rose. This is Jackie.
Rose: Hi Jackie. How are you?
Jackie: Very busy. My cousin has come to stay a few days at home.
Rose: Are you doing anything special?
Jackie: My cousin and I are going to the cinema tonight. Tomorrow I want to take
him to the museum and to the zoo.
Rose: Why dont you take him to the Sunday ea market? (ea market= rastro)
Jackie: Thats a very good idea.
Rose: Ill go with you.
Gramtica
Oraciones coordinadas
Las oraciones que forman una oracin compuesta reciben el nombre de coordinadas.
Estn unidas o enlazadas por conjunciones coordinantes. Cada proposicin posee
sentido completo. Sintcticamente las proposiciones son independientes entre s,
aunque gracias a las conjunciones constituyen una oracin completa:
Richard likes apples and I like pears A Richard le gustan las manzanas y a
m me gustan las peras
Oraciones coordinadas copulativas
Son las que aparecen unidas por conjunciones copulativas. Estas conjunciones
tienen un valor aditivo, de suma (and = y):
Mary went to the cinema and Jane
stayed at home
Mary fue al cine y Jane se qued en
casa
Si hay ms de dos oraciones coordinadas, la conjuncin suele aparecer slo entre
las dos ltimas:
We went to the country, played
football and went home
Fuimos al campo, jugamos al ftbol, y
nos fuimos a casa
(Recording 15-1)
(Recording 15-2)
EDicin 5.0 192
Igualmente, cuando el sujeto es el mismo en dos oraciones coordinadas, puede
omitirse en la segunda:
He went to the cinema and saw a lm Fue al cine y vio una pelcula
Ejercicio 1
Poner la conjuncin and en las siguientes frases en su lugar correcto
My brother and I stayed at home watched TV
My cousin is married has got two children
Shall we go out have dinner?
I bought a book I liked it
Mary ate a pizza Peter ate a hamburger
My boyfriend went to the cinema I stayed at home
Sue visited the museum Philip played basketball
Seccin 2
To go or not to go
Ir o no ir
Valerie: Hi Pat.
Pat: How are you, Valerie?
Valerie: I have a dilemma.
Pat: Whats the matter?
Valerie: I received an invitation for a party.
Pat: And?
Valerie: Its my friends
party, but I dont like
her boyfriend.
Pat: That doesnt
matter.
Valerie: Ive been all
day asking myself: To
go or not to go
Pat: I would go and
have a nice time with
your friend and forget
her boyfriend.
(Recording 15-3)
UD15
193
Ingls A2
Gramtica
Oraciones coordinadas disyuntivas
Las oraciones disyuntivas estn conectadas por la conjuncin or = o.
Las oraciones disyuntivas son dos posibilidades alternativas para una misma
realidad:
My mother is at home or in the
supermarket
Mi madre est en casa o en el
supermercado
Cuando la oracin compuesta est formada por ms de dos oraciones coordinadas
disyuntivas, la conjuncin disyuntiva suele aparecer delante de la ltima oracin
del grupo.
Ejercicio 2
Poner and o or en las siguientes frases
Is Mother at home _______ in the supermarket?
I want to buy a book _______ she wants to buy a magazine
Richard has got a house ______ John has got a at
Are you married _______ are you single?
Do you want to go out _______ are you busy?
Im going to the beach _______ my boyfriend is going to the country
Do you work ________ do you study?
Seccin 3
I went but
Fui pero...
George: Hi Sean.
Sean: Hello George.
George: Did you enjoy the party last night?
Sean: No, I didnt.
George: Was anything wrong?
Sean: I went but I was feeling ill.
George: What was the matter?
Sean: I had a car accident in the morning, and my neck was hurting me all day.
George: Why did you go?
Sean: Because it was my fathers ftieth birthday.
(Recording 15-4)
(Recording 15-5)
EDicin 5.0 194
Gramtica
Oraciones coordinadas disyuntivas
Las oraciones adversativas estn conectadas por la conjuncin but = pero. Esta
conjuncin contrapone la oracin que encabeza con la oracin anterior:
I have studied hard, but I have failed
He estudiado duro, pero he
suspendido
Ejercicio 3
Poner and, but o or en las siguientes frases
I have studied hard, _______ I have failed
My boyfriend and I stayed at home ________ watched TV
I bought a magazine yesterday _______ I havent read it yet
Do you want to eat in a restaurant ______ are you too tired?
John and Mary are married, _______ they have no children
Are you staying at home _______ are you going out?
I often go to work by car, __________ today Im going by bus
Seccin 4
This isnt enough
Esto no es suciente
Shop assistant: Good morning.
Client: Hello.
Shop assistant: Can I help you?
Client: Yes, please. I need some apples.
Shop assistant: Shall I give you two kilos?
Client: No, sorry. Two kilos are too many. Give me a kilo.
Shop assistant: Anything else?
Client: Yes, please. I need some sugar.
Shop assistant: Here you are.
Client: This isnt enough. Give me another packet.
Shop assistant: Anything else?
Client: No, thank you.
(Recording 15-6)
(Recording 15-7)
UD15
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Ingls A2
Gramtica
Too much/too many/ (not) enough
Se utiliza too much cuando el sustantivo es incontable. Se traduce como de ma-
siado/a:
I had too much coee Tom demasiado caf
Se utiliza too many cuando el sustantivo es contable. Se traduce como dema-
siados/as:
I bought too many books Compr demasiados libros
Se utiliza enough para sustantivos contables e incontables. Se traduce como bas-
tante/es, suciente. Se suele colocar delante del sustantivo:
There is enough sugar Hay bastante/suciente azcar
There are enough books Hay bastantes/sucientes libros
Cuando queremos negarlo se coloca la partcula not delante de enough:
There isnt enough salt No hay bastante/suciente sal
Ejercicio 4
Poner too much/too many/enough en las siguientes frases
There isnt ________ salt for the food
John drank ________ beer yesterday
I bought _______ magazines
There arent _______ books in this library
I spent ________ money last month
You are eating ________ sweets today
You have put _________ sugar in my tea
(Recording 15-8)
EDicin 5.0 196
Fontica
Los pares mnimos
Los pares mnimos son dos palabras que se diferencian en su pronunciacin
solamente en un fonema. Veamos algunos ejemplos de estos pares mnimos:
Least el que menos List lista
Disk disco Desk pupitre
Aunt ta Ant hormiga
Hot caliente Hat sombrero
Hot caliente Heart corazn
Pork carne de cerdo Park parque
Books libros Box caja
Uncle to Ankle tobillo
Boat barco Bought pasado de to buy
(comprar)
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe un dilogo entre un dependiente y un cliente en una tienda, basndote en
lo que has visto en la Seccin 4 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 15-9)
UD15
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo construir oraciones coordinadas copulativas
Puedo construir oraciones coordinadas disyuntivas
Puedo construir oraciones coordinadas adversativas
Puedo utilizar too much/too many/(not) enough
197
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 198
UD16
Cotilleando
Gossiping
Seccin 1. Do you know what?
Seccin 2. Mystery stories
Seccin 3. Urban legends
Seccin 4. Todays news
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender las oraciones subordinadas sustantivas,
las oraciones de relativo dening, las oraciones de relativo non-dening, la
omisin del relativo.
Contenidos
Las oraciones subordinadas sustantivas
Las oraciones de relativo dening
Las oraciones de relativo non-dening
La omisin del relativo
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD16
201
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Do you know what?
Sabes qu?
Sue: Hello Jane.
Jane: Hi Sue. How are you?
Sue: Very well. And you?
Jane: Not too bad.
Sue: Do you know what?
Jane: Tell me.
Sue: My neighbour from next door has won the lottery.
Jane: How lucky she is!
Sue: Yes, she is. And she has promised me a present.
Jane: How lucky you are!
Gramtica
Oraciones subordinadas sustantivas
Las oraciones subordinadas sustantivas equivalen a un sustantivo, por lo que de-
sempean las mismas funciones que ste (sujeto, atributo, complemento directo).
Vamos a ver dos tipos de oraciones subordinadas sustantivas:
Subordinadas sustantivas con that:
I think that she isnt at home Creo que no est en casa
Its not fair that you have failed No es justo que hayas suspendido
That se suele omitir en lenguaje coloquial:
I think she isnt at home
Subordinadas sustantivas interrogativas indirectas:
Las subordinadas sustantivas interrogativas indirectas van encabezadas por una
partcula interrogativa: who, when, where, what, how, etc.:
I dont know who she is No s quin es ella
(Recording 16-1)
(Recording 16-2)
EDicin 5.0 202
Ejercicio 1
Construir una oracin subordinada sustantiva a partir de la dada
Ive been ringing her all morning but she doesnt answer
I think _____________________________
You have studied a lot, but you have failed
Its not fair _________________________
That person is calling me, but I dont know her
I dont know ________________________
I want to play chess, but nobody knows how to play
Its a pity __________________________
Its my birthday and Im very happy because you have come
Im glad ___________________________
Seccin 2
Mystery stories
Historias de miedo
It was Thursday evening and I was alone at home. It was a dark cold
night and it was raining. I had a bath. Then I went downstairs and I was
preparing something to eat when I heard a noise in the other room. I
went there and I saw a shadow through the window. It was a woman with
a knife in her chest. I started screaming. I took the phone and I wanted to
call the police but I couldnt. I was too nervous. The doorbell rang. I went
to the door and I could hear people talking. I opened the door and the
woman who lives next door was laughing. She and my other two friends
had tried to frighten me because they know Im very afraid when I am
alone at home.
Gramtica
Oraciones de relativo
Introduccin.
Son subordinadas adjetivas las proposiciones que desempean, la funcin de un
adjetivo, es decir, expresan, como el adjetivo, una caracterstica de un nombre de
la proposicin principal, llamado antecedente.Van introducidas por un pronombre
(Recording 16-3)
(Recording 16-4)
UD16
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Ingls A2
relativo (who, whom, whose, which, that), de ah que se llamen corrientemente
oraciones de relativo:
The woman who lives next door is a
teacher
La mujer que vive al lado es una
profesora
Existen dos tipos de oraciones subordinadas adjetivas, dening (especicativas) y
non-dening (explicativas).
Oraciones de relativo dening.
Las subordinadas adjetivas especicativas determinan al antecedente de tal mane-
ra que sin ellas el sentido de la oracin quedara incompleto:
The man who died yesterday was
my cousin
El hombre que muri ayer era
mi primo
Ejercicio 2
Aadir el pronombre relativo en las siguientes frases
The woman ______ lives next door is a teacher
The magazine ______ Im reading is very interesting
The man ______ died yesterday was my cousin
The exam ______ I failed was very di cult
Do you know the man ______ is waiting outside?
Where is the newspaper ______ I was reading?
A dentist is a person ______ looks after your teeth
Seccin 3
Urban legends
Leyendas urbanas
Whats the chicken head story?
Heres the essence of it, as rst reported in the Newport News, Virginia Daily Press
on November 30, 2000: On the night of November 27, Mrs. Katherine Ortega
bought a box of fried chicken wings at a local McDonalds restaurant and took
it home to her family. While she put it on the plate to feed her children, Ortega
(Recording 16-5)
EDicin 5.0 204
noticed that one of the pieces looked, well ... funny. Examining it more closely, she
saw it had eyes and a beak. She screamed. It wasnt a wing at all, she realized; it
was a chickens head, fried, and fully intact.
It sounds like an urban legend, sure enough, that is why some people have
expressed skepticism. The story has earned column inches in newspapers all across
the United States but who trusts the media to give us the facts anymore?
Parts of the story beg for further explanation. Why did Ortega go straight to a
local TV station with her nd, while refusing to allow the owner of the accused
restaurant to examine it? How did a chicken head nd its way into a box of wings
in the rst place?
Gramtica
Oraciones de relativo non-dening
Las subordinadas adjetivas explicativas dan una informacin suplementaria, es
decir, si se suprimiera quedara completo el sentido de la oracin. Se escriben
separadas por una coma del antecedente:
My brother, who lives in Canada,
is a doctor
Mi hermano, que vive en Canad,
es mdico
Ejercicio 3
Aadir el pronombre relativo en las siguientes frases
Henry VIII, _____ married six times, was an English king
This dog, _____ is very big, is my neighbours
My brother, _____ lives in Canada, is a doctor
My cousin, _____ lives in Australia, has just written me an email
My o ce, ______ is on the third oor, is very big
Peters father, ______ is a pilot, has invited me to his birthday party
My new car, _______ can run very fast, is blue
(Recording 16-6)
UD16
205
Ingls A2
Seccin 4
Todays news
Las noticias de hoy
Sean: Hi Brian.
Brian: Hello Sean. What are you doing?
Sean: Im reading the newspaper.
Brian: Is there anything interesting?
Sean: Yes, there is. Do you remember the boy we saw yesterday?
Brian: Yes, I do.
Sean: He had an accident with his motorbike.
Brian: Oh. What happened to him?
Sean: He was going to work when he had a heart attack and ended on the oor.
Brian: How is he now?
Sean: He is in hospital, but the doctors say he wont die.
Gramtica
La omisin del relativo
El pronombre relativo se puede omitir cuando no es sujeto de la oracin de
relativo. Slo se podr omitir el pronombre relativo en las oraciones especicativas
(dening), nunca en la explicativas (non-dening):
The boy (who) we saw yesterday El chico que vimos ayer
Tambin suele omitirse el relativo cuando va precedido de preposicin. En este
caso, se coloca la preposicin al nal:
The man youre talking about El hombre de quien estis hablando
El pronombre relativo whose no se omite nunca:
Hes the director whose lms I like best
Es el director cuyas pelculas me
gustan ms
(Recording 16-7)
(Recording 16-8)
EDicin 5.0 206
Ejercicio 4
Omitir el pronombre relativo donde sea posible
Henry VIII, who married six times, was an English king
The woman who lives next door is my mother-in-law
Have you seen the book which/that I left on the table?
The man who we saw last week is my teacher
The at, which is on the second oor, is very small
The tree which/that we saw in the park is very old
The food which/that I ate was really nice
The disco to which you went was the wrong one
Ortografa
Modicaciones grcas al aadir la forma ing al verbo:
1. Si el verbo termina en -e muda, sta se pierde:
Arrive (llegar) arriving
Live (vivir) living
2. Si el verbo termina en -ie, se cambia -ie en -y:
Die (morir) dying
3. Los verbos monoslabos terminados en una sola consonante precedida de
vocal escrita con una sola letra duplican la consonante nal:
Stop (parar) stopping
4. Si el verbo termina en -l, aunque no lleve el acento en la ltima slaba, se dobla
la -l en ingls britnico, pero no en ingls americano:
Cancel (cancelar) cancelling (IBr.)/canceling (IAm.)
Travel (viajar) travelling (IBr.)/traveling (IAm.)
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una historia de miedo, basndote en lo que has visto en la Seccin 2 de esta
unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 16-9)
UD16
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo construir oraciones subordinadas sustantivas
Puedo construir oraciones de relativo dening
Puedo construir oraciones de relativo non-dening
Puedo omitir el relativo cuando sea posible
207
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 208
UD17
Palabra correcta, palabra incorrecta
Right word, wrong word
Seccin 1. He said he was happy
Seccin 2. Who said that?
Seccin 3. He ordered me to open the window
Seccin 4. Surng on the internet
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender el estilo indirecto en oraciones armativas
y negativas, el estilo indirecto en preguntas, el estilo indirecto en rdenes y
prohibiciones, vocabulario relacionado con internet.
Contenidos
El estilo indirecto en oraciones armativas y negativas
El estilo indirecto en preguntas
El estilo indirecto en rdenes y prohibiciones
Vocabulario relacionado con internet
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD17
211
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
He said he was happy
Dijo que era feliz
Peter: Hello Jack.
Jack: Hello Peter.
Peter: Have you seen John lately?
Jack: No, I havent.
Peter: I phoned him yesterday and he told me he was happy.
Jack: Why?
Peter: Because he has passed all his exams.
Jack: Thats very good news.
Peter: Yes, it is.
Jack: What is he going to do now?
Peter: He has got a job for a very important newspaper.
Jack: We have to celebrate that.
Gramtica
Estilo indirecto
Introduccin.
El estilo indirecto, en ingls Reported Speech, consiste en expresar algo dicho
antes por alguien, es decir, en contar lo que alguien dijo acerca de algo. El estilo
indirecto en ingls es muy similar al espaol.
El estilo directo sera las palabras literales que la persona dijo y que suelen ir entre
comillas.
Al igual que en espaol, al pasar una frase de estilo directo a estilo indirecto, hay que
hacer los cambios oportunos: el presente pasa a pasado, yo pasa a l/ella, etc.:
I love Italian food, he said (estilo directo)
He said that he loved Italian food (estilo indirecto)
En una frase en estilo indirecto podemos encontrar dos partes:
Una primera parte introductoria que incluye el verbo y es el que introduce lo que se
va a contar: say, tell, mention, suggest, ask, wonder, etc.
(Recording 17-1)
(Recording 17-2)
EDicin 5.0 212
John said that...
Jane told me that...
Una segunda parte que es lo que alguien dijo sobre algo:
John said that he had an exam
Jane told me that she was cooking lunch
Estilo indirecto en armativa y negativa.
Las oraciones armativas y negativas, se pasan a estilo indirecto por medio de una
subordinada sustantiva con that:
Mary said: I want to buy a car
Mary dijo: Me quiero comprar un
coche
Mary said (that) she wanted
to buy a car
Mary dijo que quera comprarse
un coche
Peter said: I didnt go to the party Peter dijo: No fui a la esta
Peter said (that) he hadnt gone
to the party
Peter dijo que no haba ido a la esta
Ejercicio 1
Cambiar las siguientes frases a estilo indirecto
Jane said: I want to buy a new house
Jane said _______________________
Tony said: I didnt go to school yesterday
Tony said ___________________________
My mother said: I have been in London for a month
My mother said ______________________________
She said: It isnt as windy as it was yesterday
She said _______________________________
My father said: Im going to the cinema this afternoon
My father said ______________________________________________
Jack said: I read a magazine yesterday
Jack said _______________________________
UD17
213
Ingls A2
Seccin 2
Who said that?
Quin dijo eso?
Veronica: Hello Jackie.
Jackie: Hello Veronica.
Veronica: Have you heard what has
happened?
Jackie: No, I havent.
Veronica: I heard Peter has been to a quiz
programme last week and he has
won the prize (premio).
Jackie: Who said that?
Veronica: John told me that.
Jackie: Its impossible.
Veronica: Why?
Jackie: Because Peter and I were on
holiday in Greece last week.
Veronica: Im going to tell John the truth.
Jackie: Maybe he has confused Peter with
another person.
Veronica: Surely (seguramente).
Gramtica
Estilo indirecto en preguntas
Existen dos tipos fundamentales de preguntas:
1.- Yes/No questions
Las preguntas que responden S/No, es decir, las que comienzan con verbo auxiliar
o modal pasan a estilo indirecto con una subordinada sustantiva interrogativa
indirecta encabezada por if (si):
She asked: Have you done that? Has hecho eso?, pregunt:
She asked if you had done that Pregunt si habas hecho eso
(Recording 17-3)
(Recording 17-4)
EDicin 5.0 214
2.- Wh questions
Las preguntas que empiezan por un interrogativo que piden una informacin
concreta pasan a estilo indirecto con una subordinada sustantiva interrogativa
indirecta encabezada por el interrogativo en cuestin:
She asked: Where are the children?
Ella pregunt:
Dnde estn los chicos?
She asked where the children were
Ella pregunt que dnde
estaban los chicos
Ejercicio 2
Cambiar las siguientes frases a estilo indirecto
My mother asked me: Have you made your bed?
My mother asked me ____________________________
She asked: Where are the children?
She asked _____________________
Kate asked me: What happened to Philip yesterday?
Kate asked me ______________________________
David asked me: Are you working tomorrow?
David asked me ________________________
My friend asked me: Who is playing tennis next week?
My friend asked me ____________________________
He asked me: Did you watch TV last night?
He asked me _________________________
Seccin 3
He ordered me to open the window
Me mand que abriera la ventana
Philip: Hello Sandy.
Sandy: Hi Philip. Whats the matter?
Philip: Im very sad.
Sandy: Why are you sad?
Philip: Because I went to Toms house and his father was there.
Sandy: What happened?
(Recording 17-5)
UD17
215
Ingls A2
Philip: He was angry and he ordered me to open the window.
Sandy: That isnt a problem.
Philip: No. But after I did it, he got angrier because he didnt want the window
open.
Sandy: So he told you o (regaar).
Philip: Yes, he did.
Gramtica
Estilo indirecto en rdenes y prohibiciones
Las rdenes se pasan a estilo indirecto en ingls con un innitivo con to:
He told me: Open the window l me digo: Abre la ventana
He told me to open the window l me dijo que abriera la ventana
Las prohibiciones se pasan a estilo indirecto en ingls con not to:
She told me: Dont close he door Ella me dijo: No cierres la puerta
She told me not to close the door Ella me dijo que no cerrara la puerta
Ejercicio 3
Cambiar las siguientes frases a estilo indirecto
He told me: Open the window
He told me ________________
She told me: Dont close the door
She told me _________________
My mother told me: Dont watch so much TV
My mother told me _______________________
The man told me: Dont touch these things
The man told me ______________________
My friend told me: Come to the cinema with me
My friend told me _________________________
George told me: Write an email to Sue
George told me ____________________
(Recording 17-6)
EDicin 5.0 216
Seccin 4
Surng on the internet
Navegando por internet
My name is Sam. I live in Sydney, Australia. Im seventeen years old. I
live with my parents and my little sister. I go to my last year at school.
I love surng on the internet. When I dont have to do homework or
study for an exam, I spend all afternoon connected. I do the same at
the weekend. My parents are always telling me to study or to go out
with my friends, but I prefer to stay at home and surf on the internet.
I have learnt a lot of things there and Im always meeting new people
on the chat.
Lxico
Vocabulario relacionado con internet
Attachment/attach archivo adjunto
Dot com punto com
Email address direccin de correo electrnico
File transfer transferencia de cheros
Homepage pgina principal, pgina inicial
Inbox bandeja de entrada
Link enlace, vnculo
Outbox bandeja de salida
Outgoing messages mensajes salientes
Sent box elementos enviados
Subject asunto
Surf navegar
Toolbar barra de herramientas
User name nombre de usuario
Web page pgina Web
Web site, site sitio web, sitio
(Recording 17-7)
(Recording 17-8)
UD17
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Ingls A2
Ejercicio 4
Traducir las siguientes oraciones
Te mandar la informacin que necesitas como archivo adjunto
Cul es tu direccin de correo electrnico?
Mi hermano tiene dos cientos mensajes en la bandeja de entrada
He recibido un mensaje sin asunto
Me encanta navegar por internet
Se me olvid mi nombre de usuario
Esa pgina Web est estropeada (broken)
Fontica
Homfonos
Las palabras homfonas son palabras que se escriben de distinta manera, pero que
se pronuncian igual.
Veamos a continuacin unos ejemplos de palabras homfonas en ingls:
Arent /u:nl/
verbo to be
Red /icd/
rojo
Aunt /u:nl/
ta
Read /icd/
pasado verbo read
I /ai/
yo
Right /iail/
derecha
Eye /ai/
ojo
Write /iail/
escribir
Knew /nju:/
pasado verbo
know
See /sI:/
ver
New /nju:/
nuevo
Sea /sI:/
mar
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin sobre internet, basndote en lo que has visto en la Seccin
4 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 17-9)
EDicin 5.0 218
UD17
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar el estilo indirecto en oraciones armativas y negativas
Puedo utilizar el estilo indirecto en preguntas
Puedo utilizar el estilo indirecto en rdenes y prohibiciones
Puedo utilizar vocabulario relacionado con internet
219
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 220
UD18
Qu problema!
What a problem!
Seccin 1. Ill do it if I have time
Seccin 2. I wish you were here
Seccin 3. Unless you help me!
Seccin 4. What an interesting language!
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender las oraciones condicionales del tipo 1, las
oraciones condicionales del tipo 2, las oraciones condicionales con unless,
las variedades geogrcas del ingls.
Contenidos
Las oraciones condicionales del tipo 1
Las oraciones condicionales del tipo 2
Las oraciones condicionales con unless
Las variedades geogrcas del ingls
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD18
223
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Ill do it if I have time
Lo har si tengo tiempo
Patricia: Hello James.
James: Hi mum.
Patricia: Have you nished your homework yet?
James: No, I havent.
Patricia: I want you to go to the supermarket.
James: But I have to nish my homework.
Patricia: OK. But after you have to go shopping.
James: What do I have to buy?
Patricia: Some potatoes, a packet of rice and some bread.
James: OK. Ill do it if I have time.
Patricia: If you dont have time, you can go tomorrow.
James: Thank you, mum.
Gramtica
Oraciones condicionales
Introduccin.
Cuando deseas expresar una condicin de la que depende la realizacin de algo,
debes utilizar una oracin condicional.
Oraciones condicionales del tipo 1.
En este tipo de oraciones condicionales existe una posibilidad real de que suceda
lo que en ellas se expresa.
Se forma de la siguiente manera:
Clausula condicional clausula principal
Will / ll / wont + innitive If + present simple
She will go to the beach if it is sunny Ella ir a la playa si est soleado
(Recording 18-1)
(Recording 18-2)
EDicin 5.0 224
Ejercicio 1
Poner el verbo entre parntesis en su forma correcta del condicional tipo 1
She _________ to the beach if it is sunny (Go)
Jack will not pass the exam if he _________ (Study)
If you _______ my car I will give you ten Euros (Wash)
If Mary ________ to the party she will enjoy it a lot (Come)
I _________ tea if you want some (Make)
You will break the computer if you ________ it right (Not Treat)
I ___________ you if I need any help (Telephone)
Seccin 2
I wish you were here
Ojal estuvieras aqu
Joseph: This is Joseph. Can I speak to Cameron?
Cameron: Hello Joseph. This is Cameron.
Joseph: How are you Cameron?
Cameron: Im very happy with my new job,
but Im very sad because you arent here.
Joseph: Dont worry. Ill go and visit you every
weekend.
Cameron: I wish you were here now.
Joseph: I have three days o next week.
Cameron: Are you coming those days?
Joseph: Yes, Im going at the weekend and
Ill stay there until Wednesday.
Cameron: You are the best boyfriend in the world! d!
(Recording 18-3)
UD18
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Ingls A2
Gramtica
Oraciones condicionales del tipo 2
Este tipo de oraciones condicionales se usa para hablar de cosas cuya realizacin
es improbable.
Se forma de la siguiente manera:
Clausula condicional clausula principal
Would / d / wouldnt + innitive If + past simple
She would go to the beach if it was
sunny
Ella ira a la playa si estuviera soleado
Ejercicio 2
Poner el verbo entre parntesis en su forma correcta del condicional tipo
1 o tipo 2
Kate will go to London next year if she ______ some money (Save)
If I had a computer I ________ you an email (Send)
If my father _______ me a car I would give him the money back next year (Buy)
If my mother buys me the book I ________ it (Read)
Sarah _________ to the beach if it was sunny (Go)
If I _________ the lottery I would buy a bigger house (Win)
Seccin 3
Unless you help me!
A menos que me ayudes!
Jason: Hello dad.
Tom: Hello Jason.
Jason: Are you busy?
Tom: Yes, I am.
Jason: I need some help with my homework.
Tom: Whats the problem?
Jason: I have to do some science exercises and I dont understand them.
Tom: Dont worry. When I nish the gardening Ill help you.
Jason: Thank you dad. I cant do them unless you help me.
Tom: Study while I nish.
(Recording 18-4)
(Recording 18-5)
EDicin 5.0 226
Gramtica
Oraciones condicionales con unless
Existe la posibilidad de cambiar la estructura de una oracin condicional negativa
por unless, es decir, en vez de poner if + el verbo en forma negativa, se utiliza unless
+ el verbo en armativa. Se traduce por a menos que o a no ser que:
Unless you study, you wont pass your
English exam
A menos que estudies no aprobars tu
examen de ingls
Ejercicio 3
Cambiar la estructura de las siguientes oraciones condicionales negativas
por unless
If I dont study hard I will not pass the exam
Unless ______________________________
Kate will not go to London next year if she doesnt save some money
Kate ________________________________________________________
You will break the computer if you dont treat it right
You _______________________________________
Sarah wouldnt go to the beach if it wasnt sunny
Sarah ___________________________________
I wont phone you if I dont need any help
I _________________________________
Seccin 4
What an interesting language!
Qu idioma tan interesante!
English is the primary language in many countries such as Australia, the Bahamas,
the British Indian Ocean Territory, the British Virgin Islands, Canada, Gibraltar,
Ireland , The Isle of Man, Jamaica, New Zealand, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago,
the United Kingdom and the United States.
In some countries where English is not the most spoken language, it is an o cial
language, for example, Ghana, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zimbabwe.
(Recording 18-6)
(Recording 18-7)
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Ingls A2
It is also one of the 11 o cial languages that are given equal status in South Africa
(South African English). English is also the o cial language in current dependent
territories of Australia and of the United States and the former British colony of
Hong Kong.
Because English is so widely spoken, it has often been referred to as a world
language, the lingua franca of the modern era, and while it is not an o cial
language in most countries, it is the language most often taught as a foreign
language. English is an o cial language of the United Nations and many other
international organizations, including the International Olympic Committee.
Fontica
Homgrafos
Las palabras homgrafas son palabras que se escriben igual, pero que se pronuncian
de distinta manera.
Veamos a continuacin unos ejemplos de palabras homgrafas en ingls:
Close cerca, junto a
/LIous/
Close cerrar
/LIouz/
Minute minuto
/'minil/
Minute diminuto
/mai'nju:l/
Read leer
/iI:d/
Read ley
/icd/
Wind viento
/vind/
Wind dar cuerda
/vaind/
Ejercicio 4
Composicin
Escribe una composicin de cosas que hars o haras en un futuro, basndote en lo
que has visto en las Secciones 1 y 2 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
(Recording 18-8)
EDicin 5.0 228
UD18
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo construir oraciones condicionales del tipo 1
Puedo construir oraciones condicionales del tipo 2
Puedo construir oraciones condicionales con unless
Conozco las variedades geogrcas del ingls
229
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 230
UD19
Escocia
Scotland
Seccin 1. She loved me as a friend
Seccin 2. He came to see me
Seccin 3. Living on an island
Seccin 4. I love that accent!
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender las oraciones adverbiales de modo, las
oraciones adverbiales de nalidad, las oraciones adverbiales de causalidad,
la nominalizacin del adjetivo.
Contenidos
Las oraciones adverbiales de modo
Las oraciones adverbiales de nalidad
Las oraciones adverbiales de causalidad
La nominalizacin del adjetivo
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD19
233
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
She loved me as a friend
Me quera como amiga
Paul: Hi Sam.
Sam: Hi Tom.
Paul: Why are you so sad?
Sam: Because Ive had bad news.
Paul: Whats the matter?
Sam: Do you remember the girl I liked?
Paul: Yes, I do.
Sam: I told her and she told me she loved me as a friend.
Paul: You dont have to worry. Its better to have a friend than a girlfriend.
Sam: But I really liked her!
Gramtica
Oraciones adverbiales de modo
Son las que expresan la manera como se lleva a cabo el hecho al que se reere la
oracin principal. Realizan la funcin de complemento circunstancial de modo:
Son introducidas por las conjunciones:
As como, lo mismo que
As if como si
As though como si
He looked as if he had a cold Pareca como si tuviera un resfriado
Ejercicio 1
Completar las frases con as, as if + la informacin del parntesis y el
verbo en su tiempo correcto
I did _____________ (They/instruct/me)
Peter looked ______________ (He/have/a cold)
Mary looks very tired. She looks _______________ (She/need/a rest)
You are dressed ________________ (You/go/to a party)
Sarah is late. It looks ___________________ (She/not come)
(Recording 19-1)
(Recording 19-2)
EDicin 5.0 234
Seccin 2
He came to see me
Vino a verme
Barbara: Hello Karen.
Karen: Hi Barbara.
Barbara: I saw Tony yesterday.
Karen: But Tony is in his village with his parents.
Barbara: Yes, I know. But he came to see me.
Karen: How is he?
Barbara: He is very well.
Karen: Is he staying here?
Barbara: No, he isnt. He is thinking of buying a house in the village and living there.
Karen: Thats a good idea. He loves his village and he likes working with his
uncle on that farm.
Barbara: Thats right. But there is a problem.
Karen: What problem?
Barbara: Its very far and I would miss him a lot.
Gramtica
Oraciones adverbiales de nalidad
Expresan la intencin o nalidad con que se realiza lo expresado en la principal.
Se construyen con innitivo con to o con las conjunciones in order to/so that:
He studied English to work in England Estudi ingls para trabajar en
Inglaterra
He learnt English in order to go to
England
Aprendi ingls para irse a Inglaterra
Ejercicio 2
Unir las frases con la conjuncin dada
Mary studied English. She wanted to work in England (to)
My brother learnt English. He wanted to go to Australia (in order to)
My father worked hard. He wanted to send us to university (to)
She went to the beach. She wanted to sunbathe (in order to)
My mother gave me so money. I wanted to buy the books (so that)
Ill write an email. I wanted to apply for the job (to)
(Recording 19-3)
(Recording 19-4)
UD19
235
Ingls A2
Seccin 3
Living on an island
Viviendo en una isla
My name is Fred. I am thirty-ve years old. I was born in New York, but I have been
living on an island for three years. I worked as a lawyer in San Francisco and I saw
a programme on TV about living on an island. I went to an island on holiday and I
deciced I wanted to live there because I love the way they live there. They dont
have to work so hard, and they live with few things. I eat what I sh and plant in my
garden. I help other people on the island and sail when I have free time. I am the
happiest man in the world since I came here.
Gramtica
Oraciones adverbiales de causalidad
Las subordinadas adverbiales causales expresan la causa de la accin de la principal.
Las conjunciones causales son:
Because porque
As porque, como
He didnt come because he was ill No vino porque estaba enfermo
Ejercicio 3
Unir las frases con una conjuncin causal
Jane didnt come to the o ce; she was ill
______________________________
She was one hour late; there was a lot of tra c
______________________________
I went to bed early; I was very tired
______________________________
They watched TV all afternoon; they didnt have anything to do
____________________________________________________
I couldnt visit my grandfather; he was on holiday
_________________________________________
(Recording 19-5)
(Recording 19-6)
EDicin 5.0 236
Seccin 4
I love that accent!
Me encanta ese acento!
Sandy: Hello Roger.
Roger: Hi Sandy.
Sandy: What are you doing tonight?
Roger: Im having dinner with a new friend.
Sandy: Who is she?
Roger: I met her on internet.
Sandy: Where is she from?
Roger: She is from Scotland, but she is studying here.
Sandy: Do you like her?
Roger: Yes, I do. I love that accent she has.
Gramtica
La nominalizacin del adjetivo
Los adjetivos pueden nominalizarse en ingls, es decir, hacer funcin de nombre.
En este caso van precedidos del artculo the:
Plural genrico:
The poor los pobres
The rich los ricos
The sick los enfermos
Neutro singular (poco frecuente):
The unknown lo desconocido
The unreal lo irreal
(Recording 19-7)
(Recording 19-8)
UD19
237
Ingls A2
Ejercicio 4
Unir las palabras de la izquierda con su correspondiente traduccin de la
derecha
Los pobres the unknown
Lo irreal the rich
Los enfermos the poor
Lo desconocido the unreal
Los ricos the sick
Fontica
Pronunciacin de la -s del plural, de la s de tercera persona
del singular del simple present
Segn la terminacin de la palabra fonticamente hablando, nos podemos en-
contrar con cuatro posibilidades de pronunciacin de la s del plural (tambin se
emplean estas reglas para la s de tercera persona del singular del present simple):
1. Si el sustantivo en singular termina en consonante sorda de sonido no silbante
/p, t, k, f, t /, la -s se pronuncia con s sorda /s/:
Cups, cats, socks, months
2. Si el sustantivo termina en consonante sonora de sonido no silbante /b, d, g, v,
d, m, n, p, r, l/ o vocal, la -s del plural se pronuncia con s sonora /z/:
Cobs, cards, ags, trains, songs
3. Si la ltima letra pronunciada es una -s o sonido silbante similar /s, z, j, lj, x,
d, /, la terminacin -es del plural se pronuncia /iz/
Classes, buzzes, wishes, watches, judges
4. En algunas palabras acabadas en -th se cambia /0/ en //:
Mouth mouths
(Recording 19-9)
EDicin 5.0 238
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe una composicin de algo que quieres hacer indicando la causa y la nalidad,
basndote en lo que has visto en las Secciones 2 y 3 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas
sesenta palabras.
UD19
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo construir oraciones adverbiales de modo
Puedo construir oraciones adverbiales de nalidad
Puedo construir oraciones adverbiales de causalidad
Puedo utilizar la nominalizacin del adjetivo
239
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 240
UD20
Palabras confusas!
Confusing words!
Seccin 1. Possible or impossible
Seccin 2. My boyfriend is a psychologist
Seccin 3. I hate washing-machines
Seccin 4. Are you constipated?
Objetivos
En esta unidad vamos a aprender los prejos, los sujos, las palabras
compues tas, los false friends.
Contenidos
Los prejos
Los sujos
Las palabras compuestas
Los false friends
Se trabajar la comprensin oral y lectora como la expresin e interaccin
escrita.
idiomas
UD20
243
Ingls A2
Seccin 1
Possible or impossible
Posible o imposible
John: Hello Sam.
Sam: Good morning John.
John: What are you doing?
Sam: Im trying to send this application (solicitud) for a course.
John: What is the course about?
Sam: Its a French course.
John: Whats the matter with the application?
Sam: I think it is outdated.
John: Is it possible or impossible to apply for it?
Sam: I hope it is possible.
Gramtica
Prejos
Anti: against anti-war, anti-government
bi: two biannual
dis: the opposite of dishonest, disorderly
in/im/ill/irr: not incomplete, impossible, illegible, irreplaceable
inter: between interactive, intercontinental
mal: badly maladjusted, malodorous
mis: wrongly/badly misguided, misinformed
mono: one monolingual, monosyllabic
multi: many multi-purpose, multi-cultural
out: beyond outside, outdated, outlive
over: too much overactive, overworked
post: after post-war, post-industrial
pre: before pre-war, pre-industrial
pro: in favour of pro-western, pro-European
semi: half semi-precious, semi-professional
sub: under, below subtropical, subconscious
un: not unimportant
under: not enough undercooked, underpaid
(Recording 20-1)
(Recording 20-2)
EDicin 5.0 244
Ejercicio 1
Unir los prejos de la izquierda con la palabra correspondiente de la
derecha
Anti professional
Un guided
Mis complete
Dis side
Semi war
Multi honest
In cultural
Out important
Seccin 2
My boyfriend is a psychologist
Mi novio es psiclogo
Judith: Hi Julia.
Julia: Hello Judith.
Judith: How are you?
Julia: Im very well. And you?
Judith: Im very happy.
Julia: Why?
Judith: Because Im moving to a new house with
my boyfriend.
Julia: Thats good news.
Judith: Are you working?
Julia: Yes, I am.
Judith: What does your boyfriend do?
Julia: He is a psychologist.
Judith: You have to give a party.
Julia: I will do it.
(Recording 20-3)
UD20
245
Ingls A2
Gramtica
Sujos
-able adjustable, believable, breakable
-al economical, historical
-ation education, organization
-dom freedom, kingdom
-er banker, driver
-ess princess, waitress
-ful cheerful, truthful, hopeful
-ic electric, symphonic, atmospheric
-ing farming, shing
-ish tallish, reddish, warmish
-ism impressionism, racism
-ist psychologist, psychiatrist
-ive impressive, responsive, intensive
-less cordless, stainless; fearless
-ment agreement, arrangement
-ness happiness, madness
-ous humorous, luxurious, harmonious
-ship championship, friendship
-th depth, truth
-y misty, handy; pricey
Ejercicio 2
Unir las palabras de la izquierda con su correspondiente sujo de la derecha
Adjust- -ful
Economic- -ous
Hope- -ish
Electr- -able
Red- -ive
Impress- -al
Fear- -ic
Humour- -less
(Recording 20-4)
EDicin 5.0 246
Seccin 3
I hate washing-machines
Odio las lavadoras
Robert: Hi mum.
Jane: Hello Robert.
Robert: What are you doing here?
Jane: Ive come to see how things are?
Robert: Everything is perfect. But there is a problem with the washing-machine.
Jane: Whats the problem?
Robert: I dont know how to put it on.
Jane: That isnt a problem. You have to learn.
Robert: But I have tried and its impossible.
Jane: Ill show you. Let me see.
Robert: I hate washing-machines.
Gramtica
Palabras compuestas
La lengua inglesa ha tenido siempre una gran facilidad para formar palabras compuestas.
Damos a continuacin algunas de las palabras compuestas ms usuales:
Nombres compuestos
armchair silln
bathroom cuarto de bao
bedroom dormitorio
postcard tarjeta postal
dining-room comedor
breakfastdesayuno
underclothes ropa interior
mother-in-law suegra
Adjetivos compuestos
homesick con morria
sky blue azul celeste
light-green verde claro
absent-minded distraido
blue eyed de ojos azules
good-looking guapo, atractivo
hard-working trabajador
Verbos compuestos
To babysit cuidar de un beb
(Recording 20-5)
(Recording 20-6)
UD20
247
Ingls A2
Ejercicio 3
Unir las palabras de la izquierda con las de la derecha para formar
palabras compuestas
Arm sick
Post in-law
Break minded
Mother looking
Home chair
Absent sit
Good fast
Baby card
Seccin 4
Are you constipated?
Ests estreido?
Sean: Hello Peter.
Peter: Hello dad.
Sean: How are you?
Peter: I think Im ill.
Sean: Whats the matter?
Peter: I have a temperature and a cough.
Sean: You have a cold.
Peter: I think so.
Sean: Lets go to the doctors.
Peter: OK.
(Recording 20-7)
EDicin 5.0 248
Lxico
False friends
Se denominan false friends (falsos amigos) a las palabras que por escribirse de la
misma forma (o parecida) en espaol son confundidas, pero que en realidad en
ingls signican otra cosa.
Por ejemplo, constipated en ingls no signica constipado, sino que se reere a
estar estreido. Aqu se encuentra una lista de los false friends ms conocidos:
actually: en realidad (y no actualmente, que se dice nowadays, at present)
argument: discusin, pelea (y no argumento de un libro/una pelcula, que se
dice plot)
to assist: ayudar (y no asistir a un lugar, que se dice to attend)
brave: valiente (y no bravo, que se dice erce)
carpet: alfombra (y no carpeta, que se dice folder)
collar: cuello de las prendas de vestir (y no collar, que se dice necklace)
conductor: director/a de orquesta o cobrador (y no conductor, que se dice
driver)
date: fecha (y no dato, que se dice a piece of information o data)
dessert: postre (y no desierto, que se dice desert)
embarrassed: avergonzado/a (y no embarazada, que se dice pregnant)
exit: salida (y no xito, que se dice success)
by heart: de memoria (y no de corazn, que se dice from ones heart)
jam: mermelada (y no jamn, que se dice ham)
large: grande (y no largo, que se dice long)
library: biblioteca (y no librera, que se dice bookshop)
notice: nota, anuncio (y no noticia, que se dice a piece of news)
preservative: conservante (y no preservativo, que se dice condom)
(Recording 20-8)
UD20
249
Ingls A2
recipe: receta de cocina (y no recibo, que se dice receipt)
salad: ensalada (y no salado, que se dice salty)
sensible: sensato/a (y no sensible, que se dice sensitive)
sensitive: sensible (y no sensitivo, que se dice related to the senses)
signature: rma (y no asignatura, que se dice subject)
sympathetic: comprensivo/a (y no simptico, que se dice nice, likeable)
Ejercicio 4
Unir las palabras de la izquierda con su correspondiente traduccin de la
derecha
Carpet biblioteca
Embarrassed grande
Jam comprensivo/a
Large avergonzado/a
Library sensato/a
Recipe mermelada
Sensible alfombra
Sympathetic receta de cocina
Fontica
Pronunciacin de la terminacin ed
Depende de la terminacin del innitivo:
1. Si el innitivo termina en consonante sorda ( p, k, f, s, , , ), excepto -t, la
terminacin ed se pronuncia /t/:
Helped, laughed, missed, xed, looked, shed, etc.
(Recording 20-9)
EDicin 5.0 250
2. Si el innitivo termina en consonante sonora ( b, g, v, , z,, m, n, , l),
excepto -d, o vocal, -ed se pronuncia /d/:
Saved, massaged, signed, peeled, breathed, etc.
3. Si el innitivo termina en -d o -t, -ed se pronuncia /d/:
Decided, waited.
Ejercicio 5
Composicin
Escribe un dilogo sobre tu experiencia al independizarte, basndote en lo que has
visto en la Seccin 3 de esta unidad. Utiliza unas sesenta palabras.
UD20
lo que he aprendido en la unidad es...
Progress Portfolio
Puedo utilizar los prejos
Puedo utilizar los sujos
Puedo utilizar las palabras compuestas
S distinguir los false friends
251
Ingls A2
EDicin 5.0 252
Ingls A2
solucioNes
Unit 1.
1.
Closes
Speaks
Dont like
Do live
Do
Doesnt play
Does watch
Doesnt work
2.
Is wearing
Is learning
Im not reading
Are watching
Isnt writing
Are playing
Is singing
Arent swimming
3.
Go
Is cooking
Is learning
Wear
Do understand
Is forgetting
Is reading
Doesnt like
4.
Crew
Team
Sta
Flock
Brood
Herd
Swarm
Bunch
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 2.
1.
Went
Did stay
Saw didnt see
Did nish
Ate
Didnt nish
Didnt go
Did learn
2.
Were living
Wasnt raining
Was watching
Was waiting
Was doing
Wasnt sleeping
Were eating
Was losing
3.
I live in the outskirts
Im buying some trousers/a pair of trousers
My father always sleeps in pyjamas
They stopped me at the customs
My father needs a pair of pliers
My boyfriend wears glasses
The scissors are in the drawer
Can you show me your credentials?
4.
OK
My grandfather bought a work of Monets
My mother went to the doctors yesterday
All my family had lunch at my uncles
OK
OK
She works at the grocers
OK
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 3.
1.
Are going to watch
Im going to study
Are going to travel
Im going to eat
Are going to watch
Are going to play
Is going to buy
Are going to wear
2.
Will like
Will meet
Wont rain
Will pass
will look
will be
Will buy
Wont go
3.
will phone
Will do
Wont answer
Will lend
Will do
will drink
Wont go
Wont buy

4.
-----
-----
The
The
-----
-----
-----
The
5.
Respuesta libre.
Unit 4
1.
Goes
Went
Shes going to study
Is sitting
Play
Was reading arrived
Will go
Is writing
2.
Have a nice day!
Be careful! Those animals are very dangerous
Please, stop! Dont go very fast
Lets not go to the cinema
Lets go to the beach
Help! The snake has come in/into the house
Stop! The exercise is wrong
Look! A boy is climbing the tree
3.
How much
A lot of
A lot of
Little
Few
How many
Both
Much
4.
The teacher was ill
The exams were di cult
The students bought the ruler and the scissors
My brother went to a boarding school
I have a lot of homework
I study in the library
My sister has got a lot of classmates
She lives in a dorm/hall of residence
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 5
1.
Have been
Has travelled
Has driven
Ive seen
Has written
Has own
Have driven
Has played
2.
How long has Peter been in London?
How long have they been married?
How long has your sister been a teacher?
How long have you had a red car?
How long has John worked in Scotland?
How long have you known John?
3.
Each
Every
Every
Each
Every
Each
4.
The newspaper has got a supplement
My little brother reads a lot of comics
My father writes cinema reviews
My mother is always watching soap operas
She is always losing the remote control
I like quizz shows/game shows
My sister Kathy is the hostess
My boyfriend doesnt like advertisements
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 6
1.
I have just washed my hands/I have already washed my hands
I have just had lunch/I have already had lunch
Has just left/has already left
Hasnt told me yet
2.
For
Ago
Since
Since
Ago
For
For
Since
3.
You cant walk on the grass
You never know what the future holds
You cant buy things without money
You eat less in summer
You live better in America
4.
Photography
Antiques
Musical instruments
Cooking
Dance
Museum
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 7
1.
Las formas verbales correctas son:
Have you seen
Went
Has already brushed
Wrote
Has lived
Hasnt nished
Went
2.
Has broken
Has painted
Have been repairing
Has been reading
Has been playing
Has eaten
Has been watching
Have been learning
3.
A clean one
A second-hand one
A luxury one
A black one
A chocolate one
A smaller one
A new one
4.
Can you take a photo of me?
My cousin has rented a car
Roger works in a travel agency
My parents went on a fortnight cruise
I love going to the beach in summer
My boyfriend has booked a double room
My nephew went to a theme park yesterday
Robert has got a hotel chain
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 8
1.
I had gone to the university
The lm had already started
I had eaten a pizza
The boy had broken the window
I hadnt own before
2.
Had begun
Flew
Did watch
Had gone
Had gone
Didnt rain
Hadnt played
3.
And so does she
And so does he
And neither/nor have I
And so will he
And neither/nor have I
And so did we
And do did I
And neither/nor did he
4.
Buena suerte! Good luck!
Canto lo siento! How sorry I am!
Feliz Navidad! Merry Christmas!
Hasta luego! See you later
Qu tal? How are things?
Bien gracias Fine, thanks
Le presento a Id like to introduce you to...
De nada; No hay de qu Not at all
Seora Madam
S, por favor Yes, please
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 9
1.
It might rain
Jane might be in the cinema
I may go to have dinner with Peter
I may go to New York next year
I might buy a new car
2.
Should eat
Should go
Should watch
Shouldnt work
Shouldnt smoke
Should buy
Should visit
Shouldnt wear
3.
Attack
Stomachache
Pain
Headache
Cold
Backache
4.
John went to the chemists to buy some medicine
We were three hours in the waiting room
My cousin is a chemist
Mary took her mother to the health centre
Have you taken the painkiller yet?
Where have you put the prescription?
The doctor told me to take/have a blood test
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 10
1.
Amigable Friendly
Delgado/a Slim
Guapo Handsome
Insensible Insensitive
Feo/a Ugly
Triste Miserable
Vago/a Lazy
Rizado Curly
2.
Havent got an umbrella
Has got two dogs
Hasnt got a car
Has got a headache
Hasnt got legs
Hasnt got many books
Has got a problem
3.
Mustnt
Dont have to
mustnt
Have to
Must Has to
Must
Have to
Dont have to
4.
Somebody
Something
Anywhere
Nobody
Anything
Somewhere
Anybody
Nothing
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 11
1.
Myself
Each other/one another
Herself
Each other/one another
Himself
Ourselves
2.
Used to study
Used to travel
Used to eat
Used to play
Used to read
Used to swim
Used to watch
Used to live
3.
Turn up
Come back
Gave up
Was getting o
Took o
Threw away
4.
It is the best lm I have ever seen
My house is farther than yours
David is my elder brother
This is the oldest house in my town
The new book is worse than the old one
I will go/Ill go shopping later
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 12
1.
To buy
To go
To see
To eat
To help
To do
2.
To come
Helping
To travel
Smoking
To go
Reading
To pass
Seeing
3.
As clever as
Less rich than
As fat as
Less near to the beach than
As quickly as
4.
Ballena Whale
Conejo Rabbit
Hormiga Ant
Lobo Wolf
Oso Bear
Rana Frog
Serpiente Snake
Zorro Fox
Clavel Carnation
Lavanda Lavender
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 13
1.
The carpets are cleaned every month
A house is being built by the workers
Lunch is being cooked by Jackie
French is taught at that school
My shirt is being ironed by my mother
Cars are repaired by my father
He was seen in Paris
2.
The car was driven yesterday by Peter
My car was being repaired yesterday
A registered letter was brought by the postman
Dinner was being cooked by my mother
A house was being built by the workers
The passive was taught yesterday by the teacher
The o ce was being cleaned (by the cleaners)
3.
A kind old man
A small new blue car
She has beautiful long black hair
A beautiful big old church
Goya was a famous Spanish painter
Jane is a lovely young English woman
I met an interesting young Russian man
4.
My father has employed a new person this month
There is a strike next week
My grandfather is an employer
There is a lot of sta in my company
My salary is very small
I have had a lot of work lately
My cousin is applying for a job
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 14
1.
Is
Became
Sounds
Tastes
Am staying
Felt
Smells
Seems
2.
She bought a new dishwasher
They ate pizza last night
My brother had an exam yesterday
My parents will buy/are going to buy a new house next year
I read an interesting book last month
Richard is painting a room now
Sue is going to cook dinner tomorrow
3.
Philip gave Mary a present
My mother bought me a new book
My teacher taught me the passive voice yesterday
Mary brought her sister a beautiful plant
John is sending his cousin an email now
Sue showed me her new house last week
Peter told Veronica a secret
4.
Desktop escritorio
Download descarga, descargar
Driver controlador, gestor
File archivo, carpeta
Install instalar
Log on iniciar una sesin
Online conectado(a), en lnea
Restart reiniciar
Search bsqueda, buscar
Upload subir, cargar, montar (un archivo)
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 15
1.
My brother and I stayed at home and watched TV
My cousin is married and has got two children
Shall we go out and have dinner?
I bought a book and I liked it
Mary ate a pizza and Peter ate a hamburger
My boyfriend went to the cinema and I stayed at home
Sue visited the museum and Philip played basketball
2.
Or
And
And
Or
Or
And
Or
3.
But
And
But
Or
But
Or
But
4.
Enough
Too much
Too many
Enough
Too much
Too many
Too much
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 16
1.
I think that she isnt at home
Its not fair that you have failed
I dont know who that person is
Its a pity that nobody cant play chess (with me)
Im glad that you have come to my party
2.
Who
That/Which
Who
That/Which
Who
That/Which
Who
3.
Who
Which
Who
Who
Which
Who
Which
4.
No
No
S
S
No
S
S
S
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 17
1.
Jane said that she wanted to buy a new house
Tony said he hadnt gone to school the previous day/the day before
My mother said she had been in London for a month
She said it wasnt as windy as it had been the previous day/the day before
My father said he was going to the cinema that afternoon
Jack said he had read a magazine the previous day/the day before
2.
My mother asked me if I had made my bed
She asked where the children were
Kate asked me what had happened to Philip the previous day/the day before
David asked me if I was working the following day/the next day
My friend asked me who was playing tennis the following week/the next week
He asked me if I had watched TV the previous night/the night before
3.
He told me to open the window
She told me not to close the door
My mother told me not to watch TV the following day/the next day
The man told me not to touch those things
My friend told me to come to the cinema with him
George told me to write an email to Sue
4.
Ill send you the information you need as an attachment/attach
What is your email address?
My brother has got two hundred messages in the inbox
I have received a message without subject
I love surng on the internet
I forgot my user name
This Web page is broken
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 18
1.
Will go
Doesnt study
Wash
Comes
Will make
Dont treat
Will telephone
2.
Saves
Would send
Bought
Will read
Would go
Won
3.
Unless I study hard I will not pass the exam
Kate will not go to London next year unless she saves some money
You will break the computer unless you treat it right
Sarah wouldnt go to the beach unless it was sunny
I wont phone you unless I need some help
4.
Respuesta libre
Unit 19
1.
I did as they instructed me
As if he had a cold
As if she needs a rest
As if you are going to a party
As if she isnt coming
2.
Mary studied English to work in England
My brother learnt English in order to go to Australia
My father worked hard in order to send us to university
She went to the beach in order to sunbathe
My mother gave me some money so that I buy the books
Ill write an email to apply for the job
3.
Jane didnt come to the o ce because she was ill/As she was ill, Jane...
She was an hour late because there was a lot of tra c/As there was a lot of
tra c...
I went to bed early because I was very tired/As I was very tired, I went...
They watched TV all afternoon because they didnt have anything to do/As they
didnt have...
I couldnt visit my grandfather because he was on holiday/As he was on holiday...
4.
Los pobres the poor
Lo irreal the unreal
Los enfermos the sick
Lo desconocido the unknown
Los ricos the rich
5.
Respuesta libre
Unit 20
1.
anti-war
dishonest
incomplete
misguided
multi-cultural
outside
semi-professional
unimportant
2.
Adjustable
Economical
Hopeful
Electric
Reddish
Impressive
Fearless
Humorous
3.
Armchair
Postcard
Breakfast
Mother-in-law
Homesick
Absent-minded
Good-looking
Babysit
4.
Carpet alfombra
Embarrassed avergonzado/a
Jam mermelada
Large grande
Library biblioteca
Recipe receta de cocina
Sensible sensato/a
Sympathetic comprensivo/a
5.
Respuesta libre
idiomas
I ngl s A2