Papers by Rasha El-Ghazawy
The goal of this investigation is to obtain alkyd resins using recycled poly (ethylene terephthal... more The goal of this investigation is to obtain alkyd resins using recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate), PET, and different vegetable oils. Glycolysis of PET waste using pentaerytheritol (PEr) was used to produce suitable hydroxyl oligomers, GPEr, for alkyd resin. The glycolysis was carried out in the presence of manganese acetate as a catalyst and m-cresol as a solvent at 220 o C. Alkyd resins were prepared using phthalic anhydride, PET waste, glycerin, sunflower oil or linseed oil and ethylene glycol to produce PET-based alkyd resin. GPEr was used instead of PRT waste to produce the second type of alkyd resin based on GPEr. The reactions were carried out in the presence of butylhydroxytin oxide as a catalyst to prepare alkyd resins. The curing characteristics of the resins produced were investigated. Corrosion resistivity based on salt spray and cathodic disbondment were evaluated for the cured alkyd as organic coating for carbon steel.
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 2013
The main target of this work is to solve the transportation problems associated with the waxy cru... more The main target of this work is to solve the transportation problems associated with the waxy crude oil particularly the deposition of paraffin wax during transportation and storage if the temperature of the crude drops below certain temperatures. This work aims to prepare different copolymers based on vinyl acetate and methacrylic acid monomers. The reactions involve copolymerization of vinyl acetate with methacrylic acid in different monomer ratios. The prepared copolymers then esterified using stearyl and behenyl alcohols. The chemical structure of the prepared copolymers and their characteristics were evaluated using FTIR and 1 HNMR spectroscopic techniques. The molecular weight of the polymeric additives was measured using GPC. The efficiency of the prepared copolymers were studied for their capability as pour point depressants (PPD) and flow improvers for Egyptian waxy crude oil to solve the problem of wax deposition during transportation and storage. The study showed that gen...
The goal of this investigation is to obtain alkyd resins using recycled poly (ethylene terephthal... more The goal of this investigation is to obtain alkyd resins using recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate), PET, and different vegetable oils. Glycolysis of PET waste using pentaerytheritol (PEr) was used to produce suitable hydroxyl oligomers, GPEr, for alkyd resin. The glycolysis was carried out in the presence of manganese acetate as a catalyst and m-cresol as a solvent at 220 o C. Alkyd resins were prepared using phthalic anhydride, PET waste, glycerin, sunflower oil or linseed oil and ethylene glycol to produce PET-based alkyd resin. GPEr was used instead of PRT waste to produce the second type of alkyd resin based on GPEr. The reactions were carried out in the presence of butylhydroxytin oxide as a catalyst to prepare alkyd resins. The curing characteristics of the resins produced were investigated. Corrosion resistivity based on salt spray and cathodic disbondment were evaluated for the cured alkyd as organic coating for carbon steel.
This work aims to improve the adhesive force of epoxy coating with a wood-plastic composite (WPC)... more This work aims to improve the adhesive force of epoxy coating with a wood-plastic composite (WPC) surface. First, WPC was formulated using the extrusion technique through different percentages of wood flour (WF) with virgin polyethylene (PE) in the presence of a coupling agent. Dynamic mechanical analysis and water percentage gain (WPG%) were performed to find the optimized WF/PE mixing ratio. The optimized formula was subjected to surface treatment by different methods, including chromic acid oxidation, ultraviolet irradiation, and flame and heat treatment. Then the treated surface of WPC was coated with nano-modified epoxy resin using carboxylated carbon nanotube, organically modified nanoclay (Cloisite-30B), and reactive rubber nanoparticles. The surface treatment of the WPC was characterized with contact angle measurement and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), while the interaction between the WPC and epoxy coat was investigated by attenuated total reflection FTIR microscopy ana...
Polymer Science Series A, 2013
This work provides an insight into the effect of incorporating of magnetite nanoparticles on the ... more This work provides an insight into the effect of incorporating of magnetite nanoparticles on the rheology of fluids. In this respect, polymer-stabilized magnetite nanoparticles were obtained using sodium salt of poly (2 acrylamido 2 methylpropanesulfonate (PAMPS Na). Monodisperse polymer coated magne tite nanoparticles Fe 3 O 4 /poly(styrene-AMPS) copolymer nanoparticles with diameters of 50-300 nm were prepared by radical polymerization in the presence of a ferrofluid coated with PAMPS Na. The magnetic nanoparticles were easily separated in a magnetic field. The structure of the obtained magnetic nanoparticles was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology and size of the mag netic nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR and TEM revealed that the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were incorporated into the shells of poly(styrene-AMPS). Aqueous dispersed solutions of a charged hydrophobically modified Fe 3 O 4 /poly(styrene-AMPS) copolymer nanoparticles exhibit high viscosities even at low polymer concentrations (0.1 wt %), which is an interesting feature in con nection with enhanced oil recovery. Effects of temperature and addition of sodium chloride on the viscosity properties of a semidilute dispersed solution of Fe 3 O 4 /poly(styrene-AMPS) copolymer nanoparticles are examined. The results indicated that Fe 3 O 4 /poly(styrene-AMPS) copolymer nanoparticles disclose strong interactions between magnetite and coated polymers of both PAMPS Na and styrene-AMPS copolymers.
Egyptian Journal of Petroleum
Progress in Organic Coatings
Egyptian Journal of …, 2011
... Ahmed M. Al-Sabagh a , Nadia G. Kandile b , Rasha A. El-Ghazawy a , Mahmoud R. Noor El-Din a ... more ... Ahmed M. Al-Sabagh a , Nadia G. Kandile b , Rasha A. El-Ghazawy a , Mahmoud R. Noor El-Din a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The ... The mixture was stirred and was placed in a (100 ml) graduated bottle (Sani-glass) tightly stoppered with Teflon lids. ...
Surfactants in Tribology, Volume 2, 2011
Journal of Chemistry
The present work has main target to study the effect of additives molecular weight and compositio... more The present work has main target to study the effect of additives molecular weight and composition on the flow characteristics of wax crude oil at low temperature below pour point temperature. In this respect, maleic anhydride ester-co-vinyl acetate copolymers with varied monomers feed ratios and different alkyl ester lengths, namely, dodecyl, stearyl, and behenyl alkyl chains, were prepared. These polymeric materials were characterized by FTIR, 1 HNMR, and GPC. The performance of these additives as pour point depressants and flow improver for Egyptian waxy crude oil was evaluated through measurements of pour point and rheological parameters (viscosity and yield stress). It was observed that stearyl maleate-vinyl acetate copolymer with 1 : 2 feed ratio shows the best efficiency as pour point depressant even at low concentration while octadecyl maleate-vinyl acetate copolymers with 2 : 1 feed ratio are effective as flow improver.
Journal of Polymer Research, 2014
A series of comb-like crosslinked dodecyl acrylateco-octadecyl acrylate-co-vinyl acetate terpolym... more A series of comb-like crosslinked dodecyl acrylateco-octadecyl acrylate-co-vinyl acetate terpolymers (DOVs) were synthesized with four different feed ratios of vinyl acetate while keeping other monomer ratios constant. Crosslinking was carried out using trimethylol propane triacrylate (hexafunctional) or divinyl benzene (tetrafunctional). Terpolymers were characterized by FTIR spectroscopic analysis and their swelling properties, such as oil sorbency, were evaluated. Structure-performance relationship was discussed, especially in regards to crystallinity, crosslinker type, and feed ratio. Moreover, network parameters including polymer solvent interaction (χ), effective crosslink density (ν e), equilibrium modulus of elasticity (G T), and average molecular weight between crosslinks (M c), were determined and correlated to the efficiency of the synthesized terpolymers. The highest oil absorbency of crosslinked DOVs is 43.22 gg −1 attained after 20 min of immersion.
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2014
ABSTRACT Polymeric flow improvers represent one of the most important chemicals used in oil indus... more ABSTRACT Polymeric flow improvers represent one of the most important chemicals used in oil industry especially with waxy crudes. The chemical structure of such chemicals is particularly important. In this study, we prepared a family of additives by chemical modification of octadecene-co-maleic anhydride copolymers (OM). The copolymerization of octadecene (OD) with maleic anhydride (MA) was performed at variable ratios of OD: MA (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1). OM copolymers were chemically modified by grafting three different alcohols dodecanol, hexadecanol or docosanol. Grafts were characterized through molecular weight using GPC, melting temperature and enthalpy of melting by DSC and chemical structure through 1HNMR. The comb like copolymers were assessed as flow improver for an Egyptian waxy crude oil by measuring their performance as pour point depressant in addition to their assessment as viscosity improver through rheological behavior. The data indicate that, the additive must retain a hydrophobic-lypophobic balance, low crystallinity and matching melting temperature with that of crude wax in order to inhibit the paraffin and wax crystal depositions.
In using recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as a petroleum sorbent we tried to achieve t... more In using recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as a petroleum sorbent we tried to achieve two important objectives simultaneously. PET waste was glycolized using trimethylolpropane (TMp) or pentaerytheritol (PEr) to produce suitable polyol oligomers for polyurethane (PU) foams. The glycolysis was carried out in the presence of manganese acetate as a catalyst under normal pressure in m-cresol at 220 • C. Producing polyols, PEr degraded PET into lower molecular weights than TMp. So prepared oligomers were reacted with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate providing several types of PU foam. The effect of various variables (polyol reactivity, water content, type of catalyst, isocyanate amount and surfactant) on the foam structure and properties were analyzed. Porosity of the PU foams was examined using environmental scanning electron microscopy.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2004
... scattering studies for some novel aliphatic polyester surfactants RA El-Ghazawy1, R. Abdel Ra... more ... scattering studies for some novel aliphatic polyester surfactants RA El-Ghazawy1, R. Abdel Raheem2 and AM Al-Sabagh1* ... 328 33.74 0.50 1.25 132.93 36.60 7.76 246 RA El-Ghazawy, RA Raheem and AM Al-Sabagh Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Polym. Adv. ...
Materials and Corrosion, 2011
Linear and heavy alkyl benzene (HAB) were sulfonated with fuming sulfuric acid (oleum) and the su... more Linear and heavy alkyl benzene (HAB) were sulfonated with fuming sulfuric acid (oleum) and the sulfonated products were esterified with tri and poly ethanolamine (d ¼ 4 and 6). The prepared three esters from each series were quaternized with n-butyl bromide. The resulted six quaternized ester of linear and HAB sulfonate were named as (L1Q, L2Q, L3Q, H1Q, H2Q, and H3Q). The surface and thermodynamic properties of these compounds have been investigated. From the data obtained, it was found that surface tension and surface active properties for the HAB derivatives were better than which obtained from linear alkyl benzene (LAB) derivatives. From the results obtained from the surface activity, the best performance compound from each group was selected to study the corrosion inhibition efficiency of them relative to the surface activity. The obtained results show that the LAB derivative L3Q exhibited inhibition efficiency (93.1%) at 1000 ppm but H3Q exhibited (97%) at 600 ppm. The diversity of the resulted data obtained was discussed in the light of chemical structure of the alkyl benzene sulfonate.
Journal of Polymer Research, 2014
Based on the Ullmann synthetic protocol, melamine-based porous organic networks, to be used for h... more Based on the Ullmann synthetic protocol, melamine-based porous organic networks, to be used for hydrogen storage, were prepared by a facile one-pot approach. These polymers were produced by condensation of melamine with different aryl halides under mild conditions, using a soluble copper(I) complex as catalyst. These materials exhibit Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas up to 19.8 m 2 /g as measured by N 2 adsorption at 77 K, and exhibit gravimetric storage capacities up to 1.17 wt.%, at 20 bar and 77 K.
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2007
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2009
Pure oleic acid and four hydrolyzed products of locally fatty oils (namely, coconut, soybean, lin... more Pure oleic acid and four hydrolyzed products of locally fatty oils (namely, coconut, soybean, linseed, and castor oils) were monoesterified individually with two different polyalkylene polyamines. The produced monoesters were used as precursors for imidazoline derivatives. These oil soluble imidazolines were ethoxylated by ethylene oxide gas with different ethylene oxide contents (5, 10, and 20) to prepare water soluble stable
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2010
Page 1. Synthesis and Preliminary Demulsification Efficiency Evaluation of New Demulsifiers Based... more Page 1. Synthesis and Preliminary Demulsification Efficiency Evaluation of New Demulsifiers Based on Fatty Oils Rasha A. El-Ghazawy, 1 Ahmed M. Al-Sabagh, 1 Nadia G. Kandile, 2 and Mahmoud R. Noor El-Din 1 1Egyptian ...
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Papers by Rasha El-Ghazawy