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vir

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Vir, VIR, viř, vír, Vir., -vir-, and вир

Afrikaans

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Dutch voor (“for; before”) or rather the dialectal variant veur (compare deur with Dutch door). The Afrikaans distinction between vir (“for”) and voor (“before”) may have been influenced by corresponding German für and vor.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /fər/, [fɨr]
  • Audio:(file)

Preposition

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vir

  1. for
    Dit is vir jou! ― It is for you!
  2. Used to indicate the addressee of a communicative act.
    Sy roep vir haar sussie. ― She is calling to her little sister.
    Amen, sê ek vir julle. ― Amen, I say to you.
    Die ou man het gesein vir die motorbestuurder. ― The old man signalled to the car driver.
  3. Direct object marker.
    Die vrou moer vir die inbreker toe met 'n hamer. ― The woman then whacked the burglar with a hammer.

Derived terms

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Baure

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Noun

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vir

  1. wind

Czech

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Etymology

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Borrowed from modern European languages, English virus, French virus, German Virus, which are all from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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vir m inan

  1. alternative form of virus

Declension

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Declension of vir (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative vir viry
genitive viru virů
dative viru virům
accusative vir viry
vocative vire viry
locative viru virech
instrumental virem viry

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Galician

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Galician-Portuguese vĩir, from Latin venīre.

Verb

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vir (first-person singular present veño, first-person singular preterite vin, past participle vindo)
vir (first-person singular present venho, first-person singular preterite vim, past participle vindo, reintegrationist norm)

  1. to come
    Antonym: ir
  2. (infinitive) to have just [with de (+ infinitive) ‘done something’]
    Veño de pechar Baiona
    cunha chave pequeniña,
    tamén teño de pechar
    o teu corazón, meniña     (folk song)
    I just locked Baiona
    with a little key;
    I also ought to lock
    your heart, girl.
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of vir (irregular)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti) 		Third-person
(el / ela / Vde.) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal vir
Personal vir vires vir virmos virdes viren
Gerund
vindo
Past participle
Masculine vindo vindos
Feminine vinda vindas
Indicative
Present veño vés vén vimos vindes, vides veñen
Imperfect viña viñas viña viñamos viñades viñan
Preterite vin viñeches veu viñemos viñestes viñeron
Pluperfect viñera viñeras viñera viñeramos viñerades viñeran
Future virei virás virá viremos viredes virán
Conditional viría virías viría viriamos viriades virían
Subjunctive
Present veña veñas veña veñamos veñades veñan
Imperfect viñese viñeses viñese viñésemos viñésedes viñesen
Future viñer viñeres viñer viñermos viñerdes viñeren
Imperative
Affirmative ven veña veñamos vinde, vide veñan
Negative (non) non veñas non veña non veñamos non veñades non veñan
    Reintegrated conjugation of vir (irregular) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti / tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal vir
Personal vir vires vir virmos virdes virem
Gerund
vindo
Past participle
Masculine vindo vindos
Feminine vinda vindas
Indicative
Present venho vés, vens vem vimos vindes venhem, vêm, vém1
Imperfect vinha vinhas vinha vínhamos vínhades, vínheis, vínhais1 vinham
Preterite vim vinheste, vieste, vinheche1 véu, veio vinhemos, viemos vinhestes, viestes vinhérom, vieram
Pluperfect vinhera, viera vinheras, vieras vinhera, viera vinhéramos, viéramos vinhérades, viéreis, vinhérais1 vinheram, vieram
Future virei virás virá viremos viredes, vireis virám, virão
Conditional viria virias viria viríamos viríades, viríeis, viríais1 viriam
Subjunctive
Present venha venhas venha venhamos venhades, venhais venham
Imperfect vinhesse, viesse vinhesses, viesses vinhesse, viesse vinhéssemos, viéssemos vinhéssedes, viésseis vinhessem, viessem
Future vinher, vier vinheres, vieres vinher, vier vinhermos, viermos vinherdes, vierdes vinherem, vierem
Imperative
Affirmative vem venha venhamos vinde venham
Negative (nom) nom venhas nom venha nom venhamos nom venhades, nom venhais nom venham

1Less recommended.

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Etymology 2

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Inflected form of ver (“to see”).

Verb

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vir

  1. first/third-person singular future subjunctive of ver

References

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Latin

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Italic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognates include Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Old Prussian wijrs, Lithuanian vyras, Latvian vīrs, Old Irish fer, Old Norse verr, Ossetian ир (ir, “Ossetians”) and Old English wer (English were-; also see world).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    vir m (genitive virī); second declension

    1. man (adult male human)
    2. brave or courageous man, hero, warrior
    3. husband
    4. (military) foot soldier

    Usage notes

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    Vir has the sense of adult male human being. In reference to age or maturity, it is used in opposition to puer (“boy”); in reference to gender or sex, it is used in opposition to or coordination with fēmina or mulier (“woman”). In the context of ancient Roman society, vir connoted a man of freeborn status rather than an enslaved man or freedman.[1] Though typically used of human men, vir is sometimes applied in the sense of "male mate" or "husband" to nonhuman males, either deities or animals. "Man" in the sense of "human being" is rendered by Latin homō (e.g., as opposed to bēstia (“beast”) or deus (“god”)); in the sense of male, by Latin mās (as opposed to fēmina (“female”)).

    Declension

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    Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -r, alternative genitive plural in -um).

    singular plural
    nominative vir virī
    genitive virī virōrum
    virum
    dative virō virīs
    accusative virum virōs
    ablative virō virīs
    vocative vir virī

    Hypernyms

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    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • → Italian: viro (learned)

    References

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    1. ^ Hagelin, L. (2020), "Homo inter homines sum. The importance of age for freedmen's construction of masculinity in Late Republican and Early Imperial Rome", page 131

    Further reading

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    • “vir”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “vir”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “vir”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
      • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus
      • a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
      • a man of ability: vir magno ingenio, ingeniosus
      • a man of ability: vir magno ingenio praeditus
      • a man of learning; a scholar; a savant: vir or homo doctus, litteratus
      • a great scholar: vir doctissimus
      • a man of profound erudition: vir perfecte planeque eruditus
      • a man perfect in all branches of learning: vir omni doctrina eruditus
      • the learned men are most unanimous in..: summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)
      • a man of character, with a strong personality: vir constans, gravis (opp. homo inconstans, levis)
      • a man who has held every office (up to the consulship): vir defunctus honoribus
      • a hero: vir fortissimus
      • (ambiguous) many learned men; many scholars: multi viri docti, or multi et ii docti (not multi docti)
      • (ambiguous) to separate (of the woman): repudium remittere viro (Dig. 24. 3)
      • (ambiguous) statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes
      • (ambiguous) men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)

    Livonian

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Finnic *virek.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈviˀr/, [ˈviˀr]

    Noun

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    vi’r

    1. ripple (small, faint waves)

    Declension

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    Declension of vi’r (84)
    singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
    nominative (nominatīv) vi’r virūd
    genitive (genitīv) vi’r virūd
    partitive (partitīv) vi’rtõ virīdi
    dative (datīv) vi’rrõn virūdõn
    instrumental (instrumentāl) vi’rkõks virūdõks
    illative (illatīv) vi’rrõ virīž
    inessive (inesīv) vi’rsõ vi’rši
    elative (elatīv) vi’rstõ vi’ršti

    References

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    • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “vi’r”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[2] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

    Luxembourgish

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    Pronunciation

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    Adverb

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    vir

    1. ahead, at the front, at the fore

    Derived terms

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    Northern Kurdish

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    Etymology 1

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    Pronoun

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    vir

    1. here

    Etymology 2

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    Alternative forms

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    Noun

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    vir ?[1]

    1. lie
      vir kirin ― to lie
      vir kirin nav rûya ― to lie to one's eyes, lie blatantly
    Derived terms
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    References

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    1. ^ Kurdojev, K. K. (1960), “vir II”, in Курдско-русский словарь [Kurdish–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Государственное издательство иностранных и национальных словарей, page 781b

    Old Swedish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Old East Norse *wīʀ, (compare Old West Norse vér), from Proto-Germanic *wīz.

    Pronoun

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    vīr

    1. we
      vīr ærum brø̄þer ― we are brothers

    Declension

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    Old Swedish personal pronouns
    nominative accusative dative genitive
    singular first iak, iæk mik, mek mǣ(r), mik mīn
    second þū þik þǣ(r), þik þīn
    third m han hōnum, hānum hans
    f hōn hana, hōna hænni hænna(r)
    n þæt þȳ, þī þæs
    Dual first vit oker okar
    second it *iker *ikar
    plural first vī(r) os, ōs vār
    second ī(r) iþer iþar
    third m þē(r) þā þēm, þø̄m, þom þēra
    f þā(r)
    n þø̄n, þē(n)
    reflexive – sik sǣ(r), sik sīn

    Descendants

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    • Swedish: vi

    Picard

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    Etymology

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    From Old French veoir, veir, from earlier vedeir, from Latin vidēre.

    Verb

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    vir

    1. to see

    Piedmontese

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    Noun

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    vir m (plural vir)

    1. turn
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    Portuguese

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Old Galician-Portuguese viir~vĩir, from Latin venīre. The sense of “to achieve orgasm” is probably a semantic loan from English come.

    Alternative forms

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    Verb

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    vir (first-person singular present venho, first-person singular preterite vim, past participle vindo)

    2. (intransitive) to come (to move towards the speaker or the agent)
      Ele veio me cumprimentar.
      He came to greet me.
    4. (intransitive) to come; to arrive (to reach a destination, especially where the speaker is)
      Synonym: chegar
      Venha antes das seis se quiser jantar.
      Come before six if you want to have dinner.
    6. (intransitive) to come (to manifest itself; to occur)
      Os meses vêm e vão.
      The months come and go.
    8. (intransitive) to come (to be located in a certain position in a sequence)
      A palavra coçar vem depois de cocar no dicionário.
      The word coçar comes after cocar in the dictionary.
    10. (intransitive) to come from; to be from (to have as one’s place of origin) [with de ‘somewhere’]
      Synonym: ser de
      Eles vêm de vários países.
      They come from various countries.
      Estas botas são porcarias e baratas porque vêm da China.
      These boots are crap and cheap because they are from China.
    12. (intransitive) to be caused by; to be due to [with de ‘a cause’]
      Meu sofrimento vem das misérias da vida.
      My suffering is due to life’s miseries.
    14. to come back; to return [with de ‘from somewhere’]
      Synonyms: volta, retornar, tornar
      Quando que o pai vem das férias?
      When is dad coming back from his vacation?
    16. (auxiliary) have/has been (forms the present perfect progressive aspect) [with gerund]
      Eu venho comendo pizza todos os dias.
      I have been eating pizza every day.
    18. (auxiliary) to end up (to eventually do) [with a (+ infinitive) ‘doing something’]
      Synonym: acabar
      Meu irmão veio a se tornar padre.
      My brother ended up becoming a priest.
    20. (intransitive, colloquial) to bitch; to whine (to complain, especially unnecessarily) [with indirect personal pronoun ‘to whom’ (Portugal, optional) and com ‘about someone/something’ (optional)]
      Não venha com essa.
      Don't start whining.
      Nem me venhas.
      Don't complain to me.
    22. (reflexive, often vulgar, slang) to cum; to come (to achieve orgasm)
      Não pares, vou-me vir! (Portugal, featuring clitic climbing)
      Don't stop, I'm gonna come!
    Conjugation
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        Conjugation of vir (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
    Singular Plural
    First-person
    (eu)     		Second-person
    (tu)     		Third-person
    (ele / ela / você)     		First-person
    (nós)     		Second-person
    (vós)     		Third-person
    (eles / elas / vocês)
    Infinitive
    Impersonal vir
    Personal vir vires vir virmos virdes virem
    Gerund
    vindo
    Past participle
    Masculine vindo vindos
    Feminine vinda vindas
    Indicative
    Present venho vens vem vimos vindes vêm
    Imperfect vinha vinhas vinha vínhamos vínheis vinham
    Preterite vim vieste veio viemos viestes vieram
    Pluperfect viera vieras viera viéramos viéreis vieram
    Future virei virás virá viremos vireis virão
    Conditional viria virias viria viríamos viríeis viriam
    Subjunctive
    Present venha venhas venha venhamos venhais venham
    Imperfect viesse viesses viesse viéssemos viésseis viessem
    Future vier vieres vier viermos vierdes vierem
    Imperative
    Affirmative vem venha venhamos vinde venham
    Negative (não) não venhas não venha não venhamos não venhais não venham
    Quotations
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    For quotations using this term, see Citations:vir.

    Etymology 2

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    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Verb

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    vir

    1. first/third-person singular future subjunctive of ver
    Quotations
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    For quotations using this term, see Citations:ver.

    Further reading

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    Serbo-Croatian

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *virъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    vir m inan (Cyrillic spelling вир)

    1. whirlpool
    2. (regional) source

    Declension

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    Declension of vir
    singular plural
    nominative vir virovi
    genitive vira virova
    dative viru virovima
    accusative vir virove
    vocative vire virovi
    locative viru virovima
    instrumental virom virovima

    Further reading

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    • “vir”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

    Slovene

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    Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia sl

    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *virъ. First attested in the 18th century.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    vȋr m inan

    1. source (of water; e.g. a spring or well)
    2. source, origin

    Declension

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    Unknown tone or non-tonal
    		 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
    Masculine inan., hard o-stem
    nom. sing. vír
    gen. sing. víra
    singular dual plural
    nominative
    (imenovȃlnik)     		vír víra víri
    genitive
    (rodȋlnik)     		víra vírov vírov
    dative
    (dajȃlnik)     		víru víroma vírom
    accusative
    (tožȋlnik)     		vír víra víre
    locative
    (mẹ̑stnik)     		víru vírih vírih
    instrumental
    (orọ̑dnik)     		vírom víroma víri

    Further reading

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    • “vir”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
    • “vir”, in Termania, Amebis
    • See also the general references
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