these

See also: These, thèse, and þese

English

Etymology

From Middle English þes, from Old English þas, from Proto-West Germanic *þes-, a form of Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”), from Proto-Indo-European *só. Compare with German diese.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, Canada) enPR: thēz; IPA^(key): /ðiːz/

  • Audio (UK):

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ðiz/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -iːz

Determiner

these

1. plural of this
   • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

     He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.

   • Seinfeld, The Alternate Side

     These pretzels are making me thirsty.

   • 2019 September 20, “MDF vs HDF: Understanding Differences and Best Uses in Woodworking”, in Forest Plywood‎^[1]:

     MDF and HDF – or medium-density fiberboard and high-density fiberboard – are two of the trendiest materials in woodworking these days.

Translations

plural of this

• Arabic: (nonhuman pl) هٰذِهِ f (hāḏihi), هٰؤُلَاءِ pl (hāʔulāʔi)

  Gulf Arabic: هذيل (haḏēl), هذيلي (haḏēli), هذول (haḏōl)

  Hijazi Arabic: هذول (hādōl, hadōl), هذولا (hādōla, hadōla), ذول (dōl), ذولا (dōla)

• Armenian: այս (hy) (ays)
• Azerbaijani: bunlar
• Beja: een m, taan f
• Belarusian: гэ́тыя pl (hétyja)
• Bulgarian: ти́я (tíja), те́зи (bg) (tézi)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 呢啲 (ni¹ di¹, nei¹ di¹)

  Hakka: 這兜 / 这兜 (yá-têu, liá-têu)

  Hokkien: 遮的 (zh-min-nan) (chiâ-ê, chiah-ê, chia-ê), 拽 (choâi, choai)

  Mandarin: 這些 / 这些 (zh) (zhèxiē)

  Teochew: 只撮 (zi² coh⁴)

• Czech: tito (cs), tyto (cs), tato (cs)
• Dutch: die (nl) m or f, deze (nl) m or f
• Esperanto: ĉi tiuj, tiuj ĉi
• Estonian: need (et) pl
• Finnish: nämä (fi), nää (fi) (colloquial)
• French: ces (fr) m or f, ces …-ci pl
• Georgian: ესენი (eseni)
• German: diese (de)
• Greenlandic: makku
• Guarani:

  Paraguayan Guarani: ^{(please verify)} ko'ã

• Hopi: ima
• Hungarian: ezek (hu), ezeket (hu)
• Icelandic: þessir (is) m, þessar (is) f, þessi (is) n
• Ido: ici (io) pl, ci (io) pl
• Ingrian: nämät
• Interlingua: iste (ia)
• Italian: questi (it)
• Japanese: この (ja) (kono) (same as singular), (for plural) これらの (korera-no)
• Kazakh: бұлар (būlar)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: ev (ku), van (ku)

• Latin: hī (la) m pl, hae (la) f pl, haec (la) n pl
• Macedonian: овие pl (ovie)
• Maltese: dawn
• Māori: ēnei
• Nahuatl:

  Classical Nahuatl: inihqueh in

• Norwegian: disse (no)
• O'odham: 'idam
• Persian: این (fa) (in)
• Polish: te (pl) pl or f, ci (pl) pl or m (see: ten for all forms)
• Portuguese: estes (pt) (1st person, close to the speaker); esses (pt) (2nd person, close to the listener)
• Romanian: acești m pl, aceste f pl, ăștia m pl (informal), astea f pl (informal)
• Russian: э́ти (ru) pl (éti)
• Scots: thir
• Scottish Gaelic: seo
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ови pl

  Latin: ovi (sh) pl

• Slovak: títo
• Slovene: ti (sl) pl
• Spanish: estos (es) m pl, aquestos (es) m pl (poetic), estas (es) f pl, aquestas (es) f pl (poetic)
• Swedish: de här (sv), dessa (sv), dom här (informal)
• Thai: เหล่านี้ (làoníi)

  Asalemi: ام (əm)

• Ukrainian: ці (uk) pl (ci)
• Walloon: ces (wa) m or f (followed by adverb "ci" or "cial" or "vola" after noun)
• Welsh: hyn, yma

known (things) that the speaker does not think is known to the audience

• Spanish: unos tales m pl, unas tales f pl

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Aramaic:

  Hebrew script: ^{(please verify)} הלין c (hāleyn, holeyn)

  Syriac: ^{(please verify)} ܗܠܝܢ c (hāleyn, holeyn)

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} deze (nl)
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} questi (it)
• Japanese: ^{(please verify)} これら (ja) (korera)
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 이것들 (igeotdeul), ^{(please verify)} 이걸 (igeol)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: ئەمانە (emane)

• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} dessa (sv), ^{(please verify)} de här (sv)
• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} bunlar (tr)

Pronoun

these

1. plural of this

Translations

plural of this

• Aramaic:

  Turoyo: ܗܰܢܝ (hani)

• Armenian: սրանք (hy) (srankʻ)

  Old Armenian: սոքա (sokʻa)

• Bulgarian: ти́я (tíja), те́зи (bg) (tézi)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 這些 / 这些 (zhèxiē)

• Czech: tito (cs)
• Finnish: nämä (fi)
• French: ceux-ci (fr), celles-ci (fr)
• Georgian: ესენი (eseni)
• German: diese (de) pl
• Greenlandic: makku
• Hungarian: ezek (hu), ezeket (hu)
• Ido: ici (io) pl, ci (io) pl
• Ingrian: nämät
• Italian: questi (it) m pl
• Japanese: これら (ja) (korera)
• Kannada: ಇವರು m or f (ivaru), ಇವುಗಳು n (ivugaḷu), ಇವು (kn) (ivu)
• Latin: hī (la) m pl, hae (la) f pl, haec (la) n pl
• Persian: این‌ها, اینها (fa) (inhâ)
• Polish: te (pl) pl or f pl, ci (pl) m pl (see: ten for all forms)
• Portuguese: esses (pt), estes (pt) m pl
• Quechua: kaykuna
• Russian: э́ти (ru) (éti)
• Scots: thir anes
• Scottish Gaelic: iad seo
• Slovak: títo
• Spanish: estos (es) n pl or m pl, éstos (es) n pl or m pl (optional disambiguation), aquestos (es) n pl or m pl (poetic), estas (es) f pl, éstas (es) f pl (optional disambiguation), aquestas (es) f pl (poetic)
• Tamil: இவை (ta) (ivai)
• Turkish: bu (tr), bunlar (tr) pl
• Ukrainian: ці (uk) (ci)
• Welsh: y rhain

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: ^{(please verify)} هٰذِهِ (hāḏihi)
• Aramaic:

  Hebrew script: ^{(please verify)} הלין c (hāleyn, holeyn)

  Syriac: ^{(please verify)} ܗܠܝܢ c (hāleyn, holeyn)

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} deze (nl)
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 이것들 (igeotdeul), ^{(please verify)} 이걸 (igeol)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: ئەمانە (emane)

• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} dessa (sv), ^{(please verify)} de här (sv)

Derived terms

• between you and me and these four walls
• if these walls could talk
• one of these days
• one of these odd-come-shortlies
• these days
• these islands
• these ones
• these things happen
• with friends like these who needs enemies

Anagrams

• Sheet, seeth, sheet, thees

Dutch

Alternative forms

• thesis (dated)

Etymology

Borrowed from French thèse, from Latin thēsis, from Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈteː.zə/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: the‧se
• Rhymes: -eːzə

Noun

these f (plural theses or thesen, no diminutive)

1. statement, thesis, proposition

   Synonym: stelling

2. thesis (lengthy essay)

   Synonyms: scriptie, proefschrift, dissertatie

Usage notes

• These and proefschrift are general terms for any thesis or dissertation submitted for the attainment of an academic degree, whereas scriptie usually refers specifically to a final assignment as part of a bachelor's or master's degree and dissertatie usually refers to a doctoral (Ph.D.) thesis.

Related terms

• antithese
• hypothese
• metathese
• synthese

Latin

Noun

these

1. ablative singular of thesis

Middle English

Determiner

these

1. alternative spelling of þese

Pronoun

these

1. alternative spelling of þese

Noun

these

1. alternative spelling of þese (plural of þe (“thigh”))

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þes, *þat, from Proto-Germanic *þat, whence also Old English þes.

Determiner

these

1. this, these

Inflection

Declension of these

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
nominative	these	thit	thiusa	thiese
accusative	thesen	thit	thesa	thesa
genitive	theses	theses	therro	therre
dative	thesemo	thesemo	therro	thesum
instrumental	thise

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: dēse, deze
  • Dutch: deze, dit
  • Limburgish: deze

Further reading

• “these”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þes, *þat, from Proto-Germanic *þat.

Determiner

these m

1. this, these

   an thesum uueroldrīkea uuirkean scoldin: They should work on this world.

   • Heliand, verse 2026-2027

     Te huī sprikis thū thes wīf, sō filu manos mī far thesoro mėnigi?

     Why do you speak of that, woman, so much (you) remind me pressingly in front of this crowd?

Declension

Declension of these

	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	these	thit	thius	thesa
accusative	thesan	thit	thesa	thesa
genitive	theses	theses	thesaro	thesaro
dative	thesemu	thesemu	thesaru	thesum
instrumental	thîs		—

Descendants

• Low German: düsse, disse

Portuguese

Noun

these f (plural theses)

1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of tese