sumar

See also: šumar, šumař, and șumar

Asturian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suˈmaɾ/ [suˈmaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: su‧mar

Verb

sumar (first-person singular indicative present sumo, past participle sumáu)

1. to add, sum
2. to add to

Conjugation

Conjugation of sumar

infinitive		sumar
gerund		sumando
past participle		m sumáu, f sumada, n sumao, m pl sumaos, f pl sumaes
person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
indicative	present	sumo	sumes	suma	sumamos	sumáis	sumen
	imperfect	sumaba	sumabes	sumaba	sumábemos, sumábamos	sumabeis, sumabais	sumaben
	preterite	sumé	sumasti, sumesti	sumó	sumemos	sumastis, sumestis	sumaron
	pluperfect	sumare, sumara	sumares, sumaras	sumare, sumara	sumáremos, sumáramos	sumareis, sumarais	sumaren, sumaran
	future	sumaré	sumarás	sumará	sumaremos	sumaréis	sumarán
	conditional	sumaría	sumaríes	sumaría	sumaríemos, sumaríamos	sumaríeis, sumaríais	sumaríen
subjunctive	present	sume	sumes, sumas	sume	sumemos	suméis	sumen, suman
	imperfect	sumare, sumara	sumares, sumaras	sumare, sumara	sumáremos, sumáramos	sumareis, sumarais	sumaren, sumaran
imperative		—	suma	—	—	sumái	—

Further reading

• “sumar”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1ª edición, Academia de la Llingua Asturiana, 2000, →ISBN

Bavarian

Noun

sumar

1. (Timau) summer

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin summare (“to add up”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [suˈma]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [suˈmaɾ]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Verb

sumar (first-person singular present sumo, first-person singular preterite sumí, past participle sumat)

1. to add, add up
2. (reflexive) to join, join up

   Et vols sumar? ― Do you want to join?

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sumar (first conjugation)

infinitive			sumar
gerund			sumant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sumat		sumada
		plural		sumats		sumades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	sumo	sumes	suma	sumem	sumeu	sumen
	imperfect	sumava	sumaves	sumava	sumàvem	sumàveu	sumaven
	future	sumaré	sumaràs	sumarà	sumarem	sumareu	sumaran
	preterite	sumí	sumares	sumà	sumàrem	sumàreu	sumaren
	conditional	sumaria	sumaries	sumaria	sumaríem	sumaríeu	sumarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	sumi	sumis	sumi	sumem	sumeu	sumin
	imperfect	sumés	sumessis	sumés	suméssim	suméssiu	sumessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	suma	sumi	sumem	sumeu	sumin
	negative (no)	—	no sumis	no sumi	no sumem	no sumeu	no sumin

Further reading

• “sumar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “sumar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “sumar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Central Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish sumar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suˈmaɾ/ [suˈmaɾ]
• Hyphenation: su‧mar

Verb

sumár (plural surumar, Basahan spelling ᜐᜓᜋᜍ᜔)

1. (mathematics) to add; to add up; to sum up

   Synonyms: dagdag, dugang

Derived terms

• magsumar
• pagsumar
• sumaron

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse sumar (neuter), earlier sumarr (masculine), from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsʏːma(ː)r/
• Rhymes: -ʏːmar

Noun

sumar n (genitive singular sumars, nominative plural sumur)

1. summer

Declension

Declension of sumar (neuter)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sumar	sumarið	sumur	sumrin1, sumurin2
accusative	sumar	sumarið	sumur	sumrin1, sumurin2
dative	sumri	sumrinu	sumrum	sumrunum
genitive	sumars	sumarsins	sumra	sumranna

¹When referring to summers in general.
²When referring to a specific number of summers.

See also

Seasons in Icelandic · árstíðir (layout · text) · category
vor (“spring”)	sumar (“summer”)	haust (“autumn”)	vetur (“winter”)

Anagrams

• samur

Latin

Verb

sūmar

1. first-person singular future passive indicative of sūmō

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• sommar
• såmmår (dialectal)

Etymology

From Old Norse sumar n, sumarr m, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz. Cognates include Norwegian Bokmål sommer, English summer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²sʊm(ː)ar/
• Hyphenation: sù‧mar

Noun

sumar m (definite singular sumaren, indefinite plural sumrar, definite plural sumrane)

1. summer

   Om sumaren er dagane lengre.

   In the summer, the days are longer.

Derived terms

• busumar
• ettersumar
• fjorsumar
• forsumar
• føresumar
• førsumar
• høgsumar
• leiksumar
• midtsumar
• seinsumar
• sumarbeite
• sumarbustad
• sumardekk
• sumarferie
• sumarfugl
• sumarføre
• sumargjest
• sumarhalvår
• sumarhus
• sumarkjole
• sumarkurs
• sumarkveld
• sumarkål
• sumarleg
• sumarleik
• sumarleir
• sumarmånad
• sumarnatt
• sumaropphald
• sumarpels
• sumarregn
• sumarrug
• sumarrute
• sumarsko
• sumarskrud
• sumarsol
• sumarsolkverv
• sumarsolsnu

Related terms

• symre (“windflower”)

References

• “sumar” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sumaraz, whence also Old English sumor, Old Saxon sumar, Old Norse sumarr, sumar.

Noun

sumar m

1. summer

Declension

Declension of sumar (masculine a-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	sumar	sumarā, sumara
accusative	sumar	sumarā, sumara
genitive	sumares	sumaro
dative	sumare	sumarum
instrumental	sumaru	—

Descendants

• Middle High German: sumer
  • German: Sommer
  • Hunsrik: Sommer
  • Luxembourgish: Summer
  • Mòcheno: summer
  • Silesian East Central German: Summer
  • Vilamovian: zumer
  • Yiddish: זומער (zumer)

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *sumaraz, whence also Old Saxon and Old High German sumar, Old Frisian sumur, Old English sumor.

Alternative forms

• sumarr m
• somar n, somarr m

Noun

sumar n (genitive sumars, plural sumur)

1. summer

Declension

Declension of sumar (strong a-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sumar	sumarit	sumur	sumurin
accusative	sumar	sumarit	sumur	sumurin
dative	sumri	sumrinu	sumrum	sumrunum
genitive	sumars	sumarsins	sumra	sumranna

Derived terms

• sumra (“to become summer”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: sumar
• Faroese: summar
• Norn: sommer
• Norwegian Nynorsk: sumar
• Jamtish: somarr, samarr
• Elfdalian: såmår
• Old Swedish: somar, sumar
  • Swedish: sommar
• Old Danish: somær, sumær
  • Danish: sommer
    • Norwegian Bokmål: sommer
  • Scanian: sǫmmar
• Gutnish: summar

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “sumar”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Etymology 2

Pronoun

sumar

1. feminine nominative/accusative plural of sumr

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sumar, see also Old English sumor, Old Frisian sumur, Old Norse sumarr, sumar, Old High German sumar.

Noun

sumar m

1. summer

Descendants

• Middle Low German: somer, sommer
  • Low German: Sommer
    • German Low German: Summer, Sommer, Sömmer
      • Westphalian:

        Paderbornisch: Sumer

        Sauerländisch: Suemer, Sūmer, Summer, Sommer

        Westmünsterländisch: Sommer

  • Plautdietsch: Somma

Romagnol

Noun

sumar m (plural sumër)

1. donkey

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin summarius or French sommaire.

Adjective

sumar m or n (feminine singular sumară, masculine plural sumari, feminine/neuter plural sumare)

1. succinct, short

Declension

Declension of sumar

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	sumar		sumară		sumari	sumare
	definite	sumarul		sumara		sumarii	sumarele
genitive- dative	indefinite	sumar		sumare		sumari	sumare
	definite	sumarului		sumarei		sumarilor	sumarelor

Noun

sumar n (plural sumari)

1. summary, abstract

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	sumar	sumarul		sumari	sumarile
genitive-dative	sumar	sumarului		sumari	sumarilor
vocative	sumarule			sumarilor

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin summāre (“to add up”), from Latin summa (“sum”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suˈmaɾ/ [suˈmaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: su‧mar

Verb

sumar (first-person singular present sumo, first-person singular preterite sumé, past participle sumado)

1. to add

   Synonym: añadir

2. (mathematics) to add, to add up

   Antonym: sustraer

3. (reflexive) to join up

   Synonym: unir

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sumar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			sumar
gerund			sumando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sumado		sumada
		plural		sumados		sumadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sumo	sumastú sumásvos	suma	sumamos	sumáis	suman
	imperfect	sumaba	sumabas	sumaba	sumábamos	sumabais	sumaban
	preterite	sumé	sumaste	sumó	sumamos	sumasteis	sumaron
	future	sumaré	sumarás	sumará	sumaremos	sumaréis	sumarán
	conditional	sumaría	sumarías	sumaría	sumaríamos	sumaríais	sumarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sume	sumestú sumésvos2	sume	sumemos	suméis	sumen
	imperfect (ra)	sumara	sumaras	sumara	sumáramos	sumarais	sumaran
	imperfect (se)	sumase	sumases	sumase	sumásemos	sumaseis	sumasen
	future1	sumare	sumares	sumare	sumáremos	sumareis	sumaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		sumatú sumávos	sume	sumemos	sumad	sumen
	negative		no sumes	no sume	no sumemos	no suméis	no sumen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of sumar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive sumar	dative	sumarme	sumarte	sumarle, sumarse	sumarnos	sumaros	sumarles, sumarse
	accusative	sumarme	sumarte	sumarlo, sumarla, sumarse	sumarnos	sumaros	sumarlos, sumarlas, sumarse
with gerund sumando	dative	sumándome	sumándote	sumándole, sumándose	sumándonos	sumándoos	sumándoles, sumándose
	accusative	sumándome	sumándote	sumándolo, sumándola, sumándose	sumándonos	sumándoos	sumándolos, sumándolas, sumándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative suma	dative	súmame	súmate	súmale	súmanos	not used	súmales
	accusative	súmame	súmate	súmalo, súmala	súmanos	not used	súmalos, súmalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative sumá	dative	sumame	sumate	sumale	sumanos	not used	sumales
	accusative	sumame	sumate	sumalo, sumala	sumanos	not used	sumalos, sumalas
with formal second-person singular imperative sume	dative	súmeme	not used	súmele, súmese	súmenos	not used	súmeles
	accusative	súmeme	not used	súmelo, súmela, súmese	súmenos	not used	súmelos, súmelas
with first-person plural imperative sumemos	dative	not used	sumémoste	sumémosle	sumémonos	sumémoos	sumémosles
	accusative	not used	sumémoste	sumémoslo, sumémosla	sumémonos	sumémoos	sumémoslos, sumémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative sumad	dative	sumadme	not used	sumadle	sumadnos	sumaos	sumadles
	accusative	sumadme	not used	sumadlo, sumadla	sumadnos	sumaos	sumadlos, sumadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative sumen	dative	súmenme	not used	súmenle	súmennos	not used	súmenles, súmense
	accusative	súmenme	not used	súmenlo, súmenla	súmennos	not used	súmenlos, súmenlas, súmense

Derived terms

• suma y sigue
• sumador
• sumar peras con manzanas

Related terms

• suma
• sumamente
• sumo

Further reading

• “sumar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025