sono

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sono"

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese sono.

Verb

sono

1. to sleep

   Synonym: tidor

   Ale sono dolo bar barmaeng.

   You sleep first, then you can play.

Noun

sono

1. sleep

   Synonym: tidor

Derived terms

• tasono (“to fall asleep”)

References

• D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998), Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia‎^[1], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈsɔ.nu]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈsɔ.no]

Verb

sono

1. first-person singular present indicative of sonar

Czech

Etymology

From sonografie, from Latin sono.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsono]

Noun

sono n

1. (informal) sonography

   Synonym: sonografie

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Related terms

• See sonet

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin sonus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsono/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ono
• Syllabification: so‧no

Noun

sono (accusative singular sonon, plural sonoj, accusative plural sonojn)

1. sound

Derived terms

• sonaparato (“sound system, stereo system”)

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin somnus.

Noun

sono m (plural sonos) (ORB, broad)

1. sleep

References

• sommeil in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• sono in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Further information

• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 643: “ho sonno” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
• ALF: Atlas Linguistique de la France^[2] – map 1712 – on lig-tdcge.imag.fr
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “sŏmnus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 12: Sk–š, page 92

French

Etymology

From the apocope of sonorisation.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Switzerland (Valais)):

  (file)

Noun

sono f (plural sonos)

1. (music, electronics) sound system, PA system, public address system

   Synonyms: sonorisation, système de sonorisation

   Je me branche sur votre sono.

   I'm plugging into your PA system.

Further reading

• “sono”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Galician

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sono, from Latin somnus, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos, from *swep- + *-nós.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsono/ [ˈs̺o.nʊ]
• Rhymes: -ono

Noun

sono m (usually uncountable, plural sonos)

1. sleep; state of sleep
2. sleepiness

Related terms

• soñar
• soño

References

• “sono”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sono”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “sono”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “sono”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Ido

Etymology

Esperanto sono, in turn from Latin

Noun

sono (plural soni)

1. sound

Italian

Alternative forms

• son (apocopate)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈso.no/
• Rhymes: -ono
• Hyphenation: só‧no

Verb

sono

1. first-person singular present indicative of essere: (I) am, I'm

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin sunt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈso.no/
• Rhymes: -ono
• Hyphenation: só‧no

Verb

sono

1. third-person plural present indicative of essere: (they) are, they're

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɔ.no/
• Rhymes: -ɔno
• Hyphenation: sò‧no

Noun

sono m (plural soni) (Latinism and poetic)

1. alternative form of suono

Verb

sono

1. first-person singular present indicative of suonare

Anagrams

• noso-

Italiot Greek

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian suono, from Latin sonus.

Noun

sono m (Greek spelling σόνο) (Apulia)

1. music
2. sound

Japanese

Romanization

sono

1. Rōmaji transcription of その

Javanese

Romanization

sono

1. nonstandard spelling of sana, romanization of ꦱꦤ
2. nonstandard spelling of sona, romanization of ꦱꦺꦴꦤ

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈsɔ.noː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈsɔː.no]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *swonaō, from Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂- (“to sound, resound”); cognate to Sanskrit स्वनति (svanati, “to sound, resound”), Proto-Slavic *zvoniti (“to ring”).

Verb

sonō (present infinitive sonāre, perfect active sonuī or sonāvī, supine sonitum or sonātum); first conjugation
sonō (present infinitive sonere, perfect active sonuī, supine sonitum); third conjugation (pre-classical)

1. (intransitive) to sound, resound, make a sound or noise (and various sounds in-context)
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.149:

     [...] tēla sonant umerīs [...].

     [Apollo:] arrows rattle [in the quiver] on his shoulder [...].
     (The sonic detail of arrows rattling as if eager to fly also implies that Apollo is “arcitenens”: bow-carrying. Cf. Iliad, 1.46: ἔκλαγξαν δ’ ἄρ’ ὀϊστοὶ ἐπ’ ὤμων χωομένοιο, [...]. — Arrows clatter on the shoulders of the angry god, [...].)

2. (transitive) to sound, utter, speak, express, call
3. (transitive) to cry out, call; sing; celebrate, praise, extol

Conjugation

The typical forms during the Classical period were the perfect active sonuī and supine sonitum, with the sonāvī and sonātum being sporadic until Late Latin: sonātūrum can be found in the Satires by Horace, sonāverint in Ad Scapulam by Tertullian, sonāvērunt three times in the Vulgate, and the syncopated form sonārit in Juvencus.

   Conjugation of sonō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sonō		sonās		sonat		sonāmus		sonātis		sonant
	imperfect	sonābam		sonābās		sonābat		sonābāmus		sonābātis		sonābant
	future	sonābō		sonābis		sonābit		sonābimus		sonābitis		sonābunt
	perfect	sonuī, sonāvī		sonuistī, sonāvistī, sonāstī1		sonuit, sonāvit, sonāt1		sonuimus, sonāvimus, sonāmus1		sonuistis, sonāvistis, sonāstis1		sonuērunt, sonuēre, sonāvērunt, sonārunt, sonāvēre1
	pluperfect	sonueram, sonāveram, sonāram1		sonuerās, sonāverās, sonārās1		sonuerat, sonāverat, sonārat1		sonuerāmus, sonāverāmus, sonārāmus1		sonuerātis, sonāverātis, sonārātis1		sonuerant, sonāverant, sonārant1
	future perfect	sonuerō, sonāverō, sonārō1		sonueris, sonāveris, sonāris1		sonuerit, sonāverit, sonārit1		sonuerimus, sonāverimus, sonārimus1		sonueritis, sonāveritis, sonāritis1		sonuerint, sonāverint, sonārint1
passive	present	sonor		sonāris, sonāre		sonātur		sonāmur		sonāminī		sonantur
	imperfect	sonābar		sonābāris, sonābāre		sonābātur		sonābāmur		sonābāminī		sonābantur
	future	sonābor		sonāberis, sonābere		sonābitur		sonābimur		sonābiminī		sonābuntur
	perfect	sonitus or sonātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	sonitus or sonātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	sonitus or sonātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sonem		sonēs		sonet		sonēmus		sonētis		sonent
	imperfect	sonārem		sonārēs		sonāret		sonārēmus		sonārētis		sonārent
	perfect	sonuerim, sonāverim, sonārim1		sonuerīs, sonāverīs, sonārīs1		sonuerit, sonāverit, sonārit1		sonuerīmus, sonāverīmus, sonārīmus1		sonuerītis, sonāverītis, sonārītis1		sonuerint, sonāverint, sonārint1
	pluperfect	sonuissem, sonāvissem, sonāssem1		sonuissēs, sonāvissēs, sonāssēs1		sonuisset, sonāvisset, sonāsset1		sonuissēmus, sonāvissēmus, sonāssēmus1		sonuissētis, sonāvissētis, sonāssētis1		sonuissent, sonāvissent, sonāssent1
passive	present	soner		sonēris, sonēre		sonētur		sonēmur		sonēminī		sonentur
	imperfect	sonārer		sonārēris, sonārēre		sonārētur		sonārēmur		sonārēminī		sonārentur
	perfect	sonitus or sonātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	sonitus or sonātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		sonā		—		—		sonāte		—
	future	—		sonātō		sonātō		—		sonātōte		sonantō
passive	present	—		sonāre		—		—		sonāminī		—
	future	—		sonātor		sonātor		—		—		sonantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		sonāre			sonārī			sonāns			—
future		sonitūrum esse, sonātūrum esse			sonitum īrī, sonātum īrī			sonitūrus, sonātūrus			sonandus
perfect		sonuisse, sonāvisse, sonāsse1			sonitum esse, sonātum esse			—			sonitus, sonātus
future perfect		—			sonitum fore, sonātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		sonitūrum fuisse, sonātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		sonandī		sonandō		sonandum		sonandō		sonitum, sonātum		sonitū, sonātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Found in the third conjugation in the pre-Classical period: sonĕre (infinitive) occurs twice in De rerum natura by Lucretius, and according to Nonius Marcellus, the poets Ennius and Accius both used sonit and sonunt, with Ennius' use of the latter also being corroborated by Priscian.

   Conjugation of sonō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sonō		sonis		sonit		sonimus		sonitis		sonunt
	imperfect	sonēbam		sonēbās		sonēbat		sonēbāmus		sonēbātis		sonēbant
	future	sonam		sonēs		sonet		sonēmus		sonētis		sonent
	perfect	sonuī		sonuistī		sonuit		sonuimus		sonuistis		sonuērunt, sonuēre
	pluperfect	sonueram		sonuerās		sonuerat		sonuerāmus		sonuerātis		sonuerant
	future perfect	sonuerō		sonueris		sonuerit		sonuerimus		sonueritis		sonuerint
passive	present	sonor		soneris, sonere		sonitur		sonimur		soniminī		sonuntur
	imperfect	sonēbar		sonēbāris, sonēbāre		sonēbātur		sonēbāmur		sonēbāminī		sonēbantur
	future	sonar		sonēris, sonēre		sonētur		sonēmur		sonēminī		sonentur
	perfect	sonitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	sonitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	sonitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	sonam		sonās		sonat		sonāmus		sonātis		sonant
	imperfect	sonerem		sonerēs		soneret		sonerēmus		sonerētis		sonerent
	perfect	sonuerim		sonuerīs		sonuerit		sonuerīmus		sonuerītis		sonuerint
	pluperfect	sonuissem		sonuissēs		sonuisset		sonuissēmus		sonuissētis		sonuissent
passive	present	sonar		sonāris, sonāre		sonātur		sonāmur		sonāminī		sonantur
	imperfect	sonerer		sonerēris, sonerēre		sonerētur		sonerēmur		sonerēminī		sonerentur
	perfect	sonitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	sonitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		sone		—		—		sonite		—
	future	—		sonitō		sonitō		—		sonitōte		sonuntō
passive	present	—		sonere		—		—		soniminī		—
	future	—		sonitor		sonitor		—		—		sonuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		sonere			sonī			sonēns			—
future		sonitūrum esse			sonitum īrī			sonitūrus			sonendus, sonundus
perfect		sonuisse			sonitum esse			—			sonitus
future perfect		—			sonitum fore			—			—
perfect potential		sonitūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		sonendī		sonendō		sonendum		sonendō		sonitum		sonitū

Derived terms

• assonō
• circumsonō
• cōnsonō
• dissonō
• exsonō
• īnsonō
• intersonō
• obsonō
• personō
• praesonō
• resonō
• sonābilis
• sonāns
• sonāx
• sonitō
• sonitus
• sonor
• sonus
• subsonō

Related terms

• sonipēs
• sonivius
• sonōrē
• sonōritās
• sonōrus

Descendants

• Aromanian: asun, asunari
• Asturian: sonar
• Catalan: sonar
• Dalmatian: sonur
• English: sonant, sound, sonnet
• French: sonner
• Friulian: sunâ
• Galician: soar
• Italian: suonare, sonare
• Lombard: sonà
• Neapolitan: sonare
• Occitan: sonar
• Piedmontese: soné
• Portuguese: soar
• Romanian: suna, sunare
• Romansh: sunar, suner
• Sardinian: sonai, sonare
• Sicilian: sunari
• Spanish: sonar
• Venetan: sonar

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

sonō

1. dative/ablative singular of sonus

References

• “sono”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sono”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “sono”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quid significat, sonat haec vox?
    

Lingala

Etymology

Borrowed from Swahili shona.

Verb

sono

1. to sew

Macanese

Noun

sono

1. alternative form of sôno: sleep; dream

Old Galician-Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsono/
• Rhymes: -ono
• Hyphenation: so‧no

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin somnum.

Alternative forms

• sopno

Noun

sono m (plural sonos)

1. sleep (state of reduced consciousness)
   • 13th century, Paio Soares de Taveirós, Qvantꝰ aquj deſpanha ſon; republished as Angelo Colocci, compiler, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, Italy, c. 1525–1526, cantiga 149:

     Qvantꝰ aquj deſpanha ſon
     todꝰ perderom o dormir
     con gran ſabor que am deſſir
     mais eu nũca ſono perdi
     deſquando deſpanha ſay
     ca mhyo perdera ia enton

     How many here are from Spain, that have lost their sleep over their great urge to leave? I've never lost my sleep since I've left Spain, because I've lost it there already.

2. sleepness
   • 1390, [Miragres de Santiago]; republished as José Luís Pensado Tomé, editor, Os miragres de Santiago: versión gallega del códice latino del siglo XII, atribuído al papa Calisto II, 1958:

     (please add the primary text of this quotation)

     [ […] et Ferragudo ouve sono et deitouse a dormir […] ]

     And Ferragudo felt sleepy and went to bed.

     (literally, “And Ferragudo had sleepness and lay down sleeping.”)

Descendants

• Galician: sono
• Portuguese: sono

Etymology 2

Noun

sono m (plural sonos)

1. alternative form of sonho (“dream”)

References

• Ferreiro, Manuel (2014–2026), “sono”, in Universo Cantigas: edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa [Universo Cantigas: critical edition of Galician-Portuguese medieval poetry] (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN
• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “sono”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “sono”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sono, from Latin somnus, from Proto-Italic *swepnos, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos, from *swopnos (“dream”), both from *swep-. Compare Galician sono, Spanish sueño, Italian sonno and French sommeil.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsõ.nu/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsõ.nu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈso.no/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈso.nu/

• (Porto) IPA^(key): [ˈswɐ.nu]

• Audio (Brazil (Caipira)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -onu
• Hyphenation: so‧no

Noun

sono m (plural sonos)

1. sleep
2. sleepiness

   Estou com sono. ― I'm sleepy. (literally, “I am with sleepiness.”)

Derived terms

• cair no sono
• doença do sono
• ensonado
• paralisia do sono
• pingar de sono
• soneca
• sono da beleza

Related terms

• sonho

Descendants

• Macanese: sôno, sono
• → Ambonese Malay: sono
• → Manado Malay: tasono

References

• “sono”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “sono” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

Further reading

• “sono”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Zulu

Noun

sono class 7

1. simple singular of ísôno