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rum

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "rum"
Languages (25)
Translingual • English
Chuukese • Classical Gaelic • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Fiji Hindi • German • Gothic • Hungarian • Irish • Italian • Kashubian • Lower Sorbian • Old English • Pennsylvania German • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Sumerian • Swedish • Tarifit • Tok Pisin • Vietnamese
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Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping of English Rumanian.

Symbol

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rum

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2/B language code for Romanian.

See also

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English

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɹʌm/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌm

Etymology 1

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In common use since at least 1654,[1] of uncertain origin. Theories include:

  • that it is a shortening of rumbullion[2] or rumbustion,[3] names for rum also attested in the Caribbean during the mid-17th century,
  • that it derives from rummer, from Dutch roemer,[4]
  • that it is from a Romani word for "strong, potent" which is (perhaps) the source of ramboozle and rumfustian (however, these drinks were not originally made with rum),
  • that it derives from rum ("fine, good") or from the last syllable of Latin saccharum (given the harsh taste of earlier rum, this origin is now considered unlikely)[5]

Alternative forms

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  • rhum (obsolete or archaic except Philippines)

Noun

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rum (countable and uncountable, plural rums)

  2. (uncountable) A spirit distilled from various preparations of sugarcane, particularly fermented cane sugar and molasses.
    Coordinate term: grog
    • 1639 September 24, John Josselyn, Journal in An Account of Two Voyages to New-England... (1673), p. 24:
      ... I went aboard the Fellowship of 100 and 70 Tuns a Flemish bottom, the Master George Luxon of Bittiford in Devonshire, several of my friends came to bid me farewell, among the rest Captain Thomas Wannerton who drank to me a pint of kill-devil alias Rhum at a draught ...
    • 1661 July 3, Orders of the Governor and Council of Jamaica in Colonial Papers: America and West Indies (1880), §123:
      That the former orders concerning rum, sugar, and hammocks be still in force, viz., one half to be forfeited to the King, and one half to the informer.
    The Royal Navy used to issue a rum ration to sailors.
    1. (countable) A serving of rum.
      Jake tossed down three rums.
    2. (countable) A kind or brand of rum.
      Bundaberg is one of my favourite rums.
  3. (inexact) A similar spirit distilled from similar preparations of sugarbeets, sorghum, etc.
  4. (obsolete, slang) A strange person or thing.
  5. (obsolete, slang) A country parson.
Synonyms
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Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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From the earlier form rome (“good”, slang); possibly of Romani origin; compare rom.

Adjective

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rum (comparative rummer, superlative rummest)

  1. (obsolete) Fine, excellent, valuable. [16th c.]
    having a rum time
  2. (UK, informal, dated) Strange, peculiar. [18th c.]
    a rum idea; a rum fellow
    • 1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:
      "Lor, Noah!" said Charlotte, "What a rum creature you are! Why don't you let the boy alone?"
    • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 27, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:
      [H]e stared after Pynsent stupidly, and pronounced to the landlord over the counter that he was a rum one.
    • 1878, Henry James, An International Episode‎[1]:
      The young men had exchanged few observations; but in crossing Union Square, in front of the monument to Washington—in the very shadow, indeed, projected by the image of the pater patriae—one of them remarked to the other, “It seems a rum-looking place.”
      “Ah, very odd, very odd,” said the other, who was the clever man of the two.
    • 1951, C. S. Lewis, Prince Caspian‎[2]:
      "Can't you see him?"
      "Well, I almost thought I did—for a moment. It's such a rum light."
    • 1957, Sydney J. Bounds, The Robot Brains, London: Digit Books, page 35:
      "But you think he's right?" "Could be. They're rum birds, all right."
    • 1976, James Herriot, All Things Wise and Wonderful, page 346:
      "She's as 'appy as Larry, but she'll neither move nor eat. It's a rum 'un, isn't it?" It was very rum indeed.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Noun

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rum (plural rums)

  1. (British, colloquial, dated) Any odd person or thing.
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Shortening of rummy.

Noun

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rum

  1. (rare) The card game rummy.
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ In that year, Connecticut ordered confiscation of "whatsoever Barbados liquors, commonly called rum, kill devil and the like". See Charles A. Coulombe, Rum (2005), →ISBN.
  2. ^ “rum”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  3. ^ “rum”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  4. ^ Anthony Dias Blue, The Complete Book of Spirits : A Guide to Their History, Production, and Enjoyment (2004, HarperCollins, →ISBN
  5. ^ Wayne Curtis, And a Bottle of Rum (2006, Random House, →ISBN, pages 34–35.

See also

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Chuukese

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English room.

Noun

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rum

  1. room

Classical Gaelic

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Pronoun

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rum

  1. first-person singular of re

Czech

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Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from German Rum, from English rum, originally rumbullion.[1]

Noun

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rum m inan

  1. rum
Declension
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Declension of rum (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative rum rumy
genitive rumu rumů
dative rumu rumům
accusative rum rumy
vocative rume rumy
locative rumu rumech
instrumental rumem rumy

Etymology 2

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Probably from German Rummel (“bustle”).[2]

Noun

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rum m inan

  1. rubble
    Synonym: suť
Declension
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Declension of rum (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative rum rumy
genitive rumu rumů
dative rumu rumům
accusative rum rumy
vocative rume rumy
locative rumu rumech
instrumental rumem rumy
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2007), “rum²”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda
  2. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2007), “rum¹”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

Further reading

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Danish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse rúm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą (“room, open space”), cognate with English room, German Raum, Dutch ruim, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌼 (rum).

Noun

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rum n (singular definite rummet, plural indefinite rum)

  1. room (part of a building)
  2. compartment
  3. (chiefly definite) space (the universe except Earth and its atmosphere)
    De fravalgte at udforske rummet.
    They chose not to explore space.
    rumfarttøj (“space vehicle”), rumrejse (“space travel”)
Declension
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Declension of rum
neuter
gender 		singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative rum rummet rum rummene
genitive rums rummets rums rummenes
Derived terms
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part of building
compartment
space

Etymology 2

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From Old Norse rúmr, from Proto-Germanic *rūmaz (“roomy, spacious, open”), cognate with English room (archaic), German raum (archaic), Dutch ruim, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍃 (rums). Related to the noun.

Adjective

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rum (neuter rumt, plural and definite singular attributive rumme)

  2. (archaic) wide, spacious
    in the modern language only in the expressions i rum sø (“in open sea”) and rum tid (“long time”)
Inflection
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Inflection of rum
positive comparative superlative
indefinite common singular rum rummere rummest2
indefinite neuter singular rumt rummere rummest2
plural rumme rummere rummest2
definite attributive1 rumme rummere rummeste

1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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rum

  1. imperative of rumme

Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English rum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rum m (uncountable, no diminutive)

  1. rum (alcoholic beverage)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Fiji Hindi

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English room.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rum

  1. room

References

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German

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Etymology

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From dialectal German (e)rum, reduced form of herum and in some dialects darum.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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rum

  1. (colloquial) alternative form of herum (“around”)

Usage notes

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  • While most or all instances of standard herum can be replaced with rum in the vernacular, compounds that are inherently colloquial will typically sound odd when herum is used in them. These will appear in writing with rum or not at all.

Derived terms

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Gothic

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Romanization

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rum

  1. romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from German Rum,[1] from English rum.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈrum]
  • Hyphenation: rum
  • Rhymes: -um

Noun

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rum (plural rumok)

  1. rum (a distilled spirit)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative rum rumok
accusative rumot rumokat
dative rumnak rumoknak
instrumental rummal rumokkal
causal-final rumért rumokért
translative rummá rumokká
terminative rumig rumokig
essive-formal rumként rumokként
essive-modal — —
inessive rumban rumokban
superessive rumon rumokon
adessive rumnál rumoknál
illative rumba rumokba
sublative rumra rumokra
allative rumhoz rumokhoz
elative rumból rumokból
delative rumról rumokról
ablative rumtól rumoktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		rumé rumoké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		ruméi rumokéi
Possessive forms of rum
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. rumom rumjaim
2nd person sing. rumod rumjaid
3rd person sing. rumja rumjai
1st person plural rumunk rumjaink
2nd person plural rumotok rumjaitok
3rd person plural rumjuk rumjaik

Derived terms

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Compound words

References

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  1. ^ rum in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • rum in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Irish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English rum.

Noun

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rum m (genitive singular rum, nominative plural rumanna)

  1. rum

Declension

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Declension of rum (fourth declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative rum rumanna
vocative a rum a rumanna
genitive rum rumanna
dative rum rumanna
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an rum na rumanna
genitive an rum na rumanna
dative leis an rum
don rum 		leis na rumanna

Further reading

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Italian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English rum.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrum/
  • Rhymes: -um
  • Hyphenation: rùm

Noun

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rum m (invariable)

  1. rum (distilled spirit)

Derived terms

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Kashubian

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-?
Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH-der.
Proto-Germanic *rūmą
Proto-West Germanic *rūm
Old Saxon rūm
German Low German Ruumbor.
Kashubian rum

    Borrowed from German Low German Ruum.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈrum/
    • Rhymes: -um
    • Syllabification: rum

    Noun

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    rum m inan

    1. room, space

    Further reading

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    • “rum”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

    Lower Sorbian

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from German Low German Ruum, from Middle Low German rûm, Old Saxon rūm, from Proto-West Germanic *rūm.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    rum m inan (diminutive rumk)

    1. room, space

    Declension

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    Declension of rum
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative rum ruma rumy
    Genitive ruma rumowu rumow
    Dative rumoju rumoma rumam
    Accusative rum ruma rumy
    Instrumental rumom rumoma rumami
    Locative rumje rumoma rumach

    Derived terms

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    Old English

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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      From Proto-West Germanic *rūm. Cognate with Old Saxon rūm, Dutch ruim, Old High German rūm, Old Norse rúmr, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍃 (rums).

      Adjective

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      rūm

      1. spacious, roomy
      2. long, extended (of time)
      3. liberal, extensive, ample, abundant, bountiful, expansive, generous
      Declension
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      Declension of rūm — Strong
      Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
      Nominative rūm rūm rūm
      Accusative rūmne rūme rūm
      Genitive rūmes rūmre rūmes
      Dative rūmum rūmre rūmum
      Instrumental rūme rūmre rūme
      Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
      Nominative rūme rūma, rūme rūm
      Accusative rūme rūma, rūme rūm
      Genitive rūmra rūmra rūmra
      Dative rūmum rūmum rūmum
      Instrumental rūmum rūmum rūmum
      Declension of rūm — Weak
      Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
      Nominative rūma rūme rūme
      Accusative rūman rūman rūme
      Genitive rūman rūman rūman
      Dative rūman rūman rūman
      Instrumental rūman rūman rūman
      Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
      Nominative rūman rūman rūman
      Accusative rūman rūman rūman
      Genitive rūmra, rūmena rūmra, rūmena rūmra, rūmena
      Dative rūmum rūmum rūmum
      Instrumental rūmum rūmum rūmum

      Etymology 2

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      From Proto-West Germanic *rūm.

      Noun

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      rūm n or m

      1. room, space
      2. a space of time, an interval
      3. opportunity
      Declension
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      Neuter

      Strong a-stem:

      singular plural
      nominative rūm rūm
      accusative rūm rūm
      genitive rūmes rūma
      dative rūme rūmum
      Masculine

      Strong a-stem:

      singular plural
      nominative rūm rūmas
      accusative rūm rūmas
      genitive rūmes rūma
      dative rūme rūmum
      Derived terms
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      Descendants
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      Pennsylvania German

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      Etymology

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      Compare German herum.

      Adverb

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      rum

      1. around

      Polish

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      Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia pl
      rum

      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      Borrowed from English rum.

      Noun

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      rum m inan

      1. rum (distilled spirit)
      2. rum (serving)
      Derived terms
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      adjective

      Etymology 2

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      Borrowed from Middle High German rūm, roum, from Old High German rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą.

      Noun

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      rum m inan

      1. (archaic, geology) broken debris, rock crumbs
      Declension
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      Declension of rum
      singular plural
      nominative rum rumy
      genitive rumu rumów
      dative rumowi rumom
      accusative rum rumy
      instrumental rumem rumami
      locative rumie rumach
      vocative rumie rumy

      Further reading

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      • rum in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
      • rum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

      Portuguese

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      Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia pt

      Alternative forms

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      • rhum (pre-standardization spelling)

      Etymology

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      Borrowed from English rum.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      rum m (countable and uncountable, plural runs)

      1. rum

      Further reading

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      Romanian

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      Noun

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      rum n (plural rumuri)

      1. alternative form of rom

      Sumerian

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      Romanization

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      rum

      1. romanization of 𒀸 (rum)

      Swedish

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      Etymology

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      From Old Norse rúm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą, from Proto-Indo-European *rewh₁-.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      rum n

      1. a room (in a building)
        Jag vill ha en lägenhet med två rum
        I want a flat with two rooms
      2. space, room
        Har du rum i din väska så att du kan lägga ner min bok också?
        Do you have room in your bag so that you could put my book in it too?
        det kröka rummet
        curved space
      3. (mathematics) a space
        vektorrum ― vector space

      Declension

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      Declension of rum
      nominative genitive
      singular indefinite rum rums
      definite rummet rummets
      plural indefinite rum rums
      definite rummen rummens

      Hyponyms

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      part of a building
      space
      mathematics

      Derived terms

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      part of a building
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      See also

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      References

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      Anagrams

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      Tarifit

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      Noun

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      rum pl (Tifinagh spelling ⵔⵓⵎ)

      1. alternative spelling of řum: straw

      Tok Pisin

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      Etymology

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      From English room.

      Noun

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      rum

      1. room

      Derived terms

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      Vietnamese

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
      Particularly: “Compare Hindi कुसुम (kusum) and Indonesian kesumba. The sound change *-s- > /r-/ is regular; compare the cases of rái, rết, rắn, etc. Couldn't find anything Nôm-related so probably a recent loan?”

      Noun

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      (classifier cây, hoa, bông) rum

      1. safflower

      Etymology 2

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      (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

      Noun

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      (classifier con) rum

      1. (North Central Vietnam) sea cucumber
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