morale

See also: morāle and morālē

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-der.

Proto-Italic *mōs

Latin mōs

Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-

Proto-Indo-European *-is

Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?

Proto-Italic *-ālis

Latin -ālis

Latin mōrālislbor.

French moralebor.

English morale

Borrowed from French morale.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /məˈɹɑːl/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (US, Canada) IPA^(key): /məˈɹæl/
• Rhymes: -æl

Noun

morale (countable and uncountable, plural morales)

1. The mental and emotional state of a person or group, especially their level of confidence, enthusiasm, and loyalty with regard to a function or task.

   Synonym: esprit de corps

   After the layoffs, morale was at an all time low; the staff were so dispirited nothing was getting done.

   Morale is an important quality in soldiers. With good morale they'll charge into a hail of bullets; without it they won't even cross a street.

   A morale-boosting exercise

   • 2012 November 2, Ken Belson, New York Times‎^[1], retrieved 2 November 2012:

     Proponents of the race — notably Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Mary Wittenberg, director of the marathon — said the event would provide a needed morale boost, as well as an economic one.

Derived terms

• morale-booster
• morale-boosting
• morale patch

Descendants

• → Welsh: morâl

Translations

the capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others — see also enthusiasm

• Albanian: please add this translation if you can
• Arabic: رُوح مَعْنَوِيَّة f (rūḥ maʕnawiyya)
• Armenian: բարոյահոգեբանական վիճակ (hy) (baroyahogebanakan vičak)
• Belarusian: дух m (dux), мара́льны дух m (marálʹny dux)
• Bulgarian: дух (bg) m (duh), мора́лно състоя́ние n (morálno săstojánie), мора́лен дух m (morálen duh)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 士氣 / 士气 (si⁶ hei³)

  Mandarin: 士氣 / 士气 (zh) (shìqì), 信心 (zh) (xìnxīn)

• Czech: morálka (cs) f
• Danish: moral (da) c
• Dutch: moreel (nl) n
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Estonian: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: moraali (fi)
• French: moral (fr) m
• Galician: ánimo (gl), disposición (gl) f, moral (gl) f, azo m, folgo m
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Moral (de) f
• Greek: ηθικό (el) n (ithikó), φρόνημα (el) n (frónima)
• Hebrew: מוֹרָל (he) m (morál), רוח קרב f (rúakh krav)
• Hindi: मनोबल (hi) m (manobal), जोश (hi) m (joś), हौसला (hi) m (hauslā)
• Hungarian: please add this translation if you can
• Indonesian: korsa, daya juang (id), moral (id)
• Irish: meanma f, misneach (ga) m, sprid (ga) f
• Italian: morale (it) m
• Japanese: 士気 (ja) (しき, shiki)
• Korean: 사기(士氣) (ko) (sagi)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: ورە (wire)

• Latin: animus (la)
• Latvian: please add this translation if you can
• Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
• Persian: روحیه (fa) (ruhiyye)
• Polish: morale (pl) n
• Portuguese: ânimo (pt), disposição (pt), moral (pt) m
• Russian: дух (ru) m (dux), боево́й дух m (bojevój dux), настро́й (ru) m (nastrój), мора́льное состоя́ние n (morálʹnoje sostojánije), мора́льный дух m (morálʹnyj dux)
• Sanskrit: मनोबल m (manobala)
• Scottish Gaelic: meanmna m, misneachd f, spiorad m, smior m
• Shan: ႁႅင်းၸႂ် (héng tsǎue)
• Slovak: morálka f
• Spanish: ánimo (es) m, disposición (es) f
• Swedish: -moral c, stridsmoral (sv) c, arbetsmoral c
• Tagalog: katatagang-loob
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: дух m (dux), мора́льний дух m (morálʹnyj dux)
• Vietnamese: tinh thần (vi)
• Welsh: morâl m

Further reading

• morale on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Lamore, Melora, Merola

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Esperanto moralo

Proto-Italic *-ēd

Old Latin -ēd

Latin -ebor.

Russian -е (-e)influ.

▲

Polish -einflu.

▲

Czech -einflu.

Esperanto -e

Esperanto morale

From moralo + -e.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moˈrale/
• Rhymes: -ale
• Syllabification: mo‧ra‧le

Adverb

morale

1. morally

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin mōrālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔ.ʁal/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Paris)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Noun

morale f (plural morales)

1. ethics, morality

Adjective

morale

1. feminine singular of moral

Further reading

• “morale”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Italian

Etymology

From Latin mōrālis, derived from mōs (“custom, way; law”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moˈra.le/
• Rhymes: -ale
• Hyphenation: mo‧rà‧le

Adjective

morale m or f by sense (plural morali)

1. moral

Noun

morale f (plural morali)

1. morals
2. moral philosophy

Noun

morale m (plural morali)

1. morale

Related terms

• moralista
• moralistico
• moralità
• moralizzare
• moralizzatore
• moralmente

Anagrams

• Merola, malore, molare, molera, molerà

Latin

Adjective

mōrāle

1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of mōrālis

References

• "morale", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔˈra.lɛ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -alɛ
• Syllabification: mo‧ra‧le

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin mōrāle.

Noun

morale n (indeclinable)

1. morale (capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others)
2. morals (moral practices or teachings; modes of conduct)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

morale m inan

1. locative/vocative singular of morał

Further reading

• “morale”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “morale”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[3] (in Polish)
• morale in PWN's encyclopedia

Spanish

Verb

morale

1. second-person singular voseo imperative of morar combined with le