laut

See also: Laut and ļaut

Basque

Noun

laut inan

1. lute

Brunei Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /laut/
• Hyphenation: la‧ut

Noun

laut

1. sea (body of water)

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lautta, from Proto-Germanic *lautō, *lautiz. Compare Old Norse laut and Old Swedish lȫt. Cognate to Votic lauttõ.

Noun

laut (genitive lauda, partitive lauta)

1. barn (for animals), coop

Declension

Declension of laut (ÕS type 22u/leib, t-d gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		laut	laudad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	lauda
genitive			lautade
partitive		lauta	lautu lautasid
illative		lauta laudasse	lautadesse laudusse
inessive		laudas	lautades laudus
elative		laudast	lautadest laudust
allative		laudale	lautadele laudule
adessive		laudal	lautadel laudul
ablative		laudalt	lautadelt laudult
translative		laudaks	lautadeks lauduks
terminative		laudani	lautadeni
essive		laudana	lautadena
abessive		laudata	lautadeta
comitative		laudaga	lautadega

German

Etymology 1

From Middle High German lūt, from Old High German lūt, akin to Old Saxon hlūd, from Proto-West Germanic *hlūd.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /laʊ̯t/

• Audio (Germany):

  (file)

• Audio (Austria):

  (file)

Adjective

laut (strong nominative masculine singular lauter, comparative lauter, superlative am lautesten)

1. loud, noisy

   Synonym: geräuschvoll

   Antonym: leise

Declension

Positive forms of laut

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist laut	sie ist laut	es ist laut	sie sind laut
strong declension (without article)	nominative	lauter	laute	lautes	laute
	genitive	lauten	lauter	lauten	lauter
	dative	lautem	lauter	lautem	lauten
	accusative	lauten	laute	lautes	laute
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der laute	die laute	das laute	die lauten
	genitive	des lauten	der lauten	des lauten	der lauten
	dative	dem lauten	der lauten	dem lauten	den lauten
	accusative	den lauten	die laute	das laute	die lauten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein lauter	eine laute	ein lautes	(keine) lauten
	genitive	eines lauten	einer lauten	eines lauten	(keiner) lauten
	dative	einem lauten	einer lauten	einem lauten	(keinen) lauten
	accusative	einen lauten	eine laute	ein lautes	(keine) lauten

Comparative forms of laut

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist lauter	sie ist lauter	es ist lauter	sie sind lauter
strong declension (without article)	nominative	lauterer	lautere	lauteres	lautere
	genitive	lauteren	lauterer	lauteren	lauterer
	dative	lauterem	lauterer	lauterem	lauteren
	accusative	lauteren	lautere	lauteres	lautere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der lautere	die lautere	das lautere	die lauteren
	genitive	des lauteren	der lauteren	des lauteren	der lauteren
	dative	dem lauteren	der lauteren	dem lauteren	den lauteren
	accusative	den lauteren	die lautere	das lautere	die lauteren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein lauterer	eine lautere	ein lauteres	(keine) lauteren
	genitive	eines lauteren	einer lauteren	eines lauteren	(keiner) lauteren
	dative	einem lauteren	einer lauteren	einem lauteren	(keinen) lauteren
	accusative	einen lauteren	eine lautere	ein lauteres	(keine) lauteren

Superlative forms of laut

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am lautesten	sie ist am lautesten	es ist am lautesten	sie sind am lautesten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	lautester	lauteste	lautestes	lauteste
	genitive	lautesten	lautester	lautesten	lautester
	dative	lautestem	lautester	lautestem	lautesten
	accusative	lautesten	lauteste	lautestes	lauteste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der lauteste	die lauteste	das lauteste	die lautesten
	genitive	des lautesten	der lautesten	des lautesten	der lautesten
	dative	dem lautesten	der lautesten	dem lautesten	den lautesten
	accusative	den lautesten	die lauteste	das lauteste	die lautesten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein lautester	eine lauteste	ein lautestes	(keine) lautesten
	genitive	eines lautesten	einer lautesten	eines lautesten	(keiner) lautesten
	dative	einem lautesten	einer lautesten	einem lautesten	(keinen) lautesten
	accusative	einen lautesten	eine lauteste	ein lautestes	(keine) lautesten

Derived terms

• halblaut

Descendants

• → Esperanto: laŭta

Etymology 2

Shortened version of Middle High German nach lūt, alternatively nach lūte, with the modern German meaning of nach dem Wortlaut (“according to the wording”).

Preposition

laut [with dative or (less common) genitive]

1. according to

   Synonym: lt.

Usage notes

The preposition laut governs either the dative or genitive case. Originally used with genitive, the dative has been more common since 1900:

• laut einem Bericht (also: eines Berichts) — according to a report.

The dative case is always used for plural nouns not preceded by an article, determiner, or adjective:

• laut Berichten (not: Berichte) — according to reports.

An isolated noun of the strong declension remains uninflected in the singular:

• laut Bericht (not: Berichts) — according to the report.

Descendants

• → Esperanto: laŭ

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

laut

1. (also Early New High German, rare after that period, now archaic) third-person singular present of lauten; alternative form of lautet

Hunsrik

Etymology

Inherited from Middle High German lūt.

Cognate with German laut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlaʊ̯t/
• Rhymes: -aʊ̯t
• Syllabification: laut
• Homophone: Laut

Adjective

laut (comparative lauter, superlative lautest)

1. loud (of a sound; of great intensity)

   Synonym: hart

   Sprech en bissje lauter.

   Speak a bit louder.

2. loud; noisy

   Antonyms: hehlich, ruhich

   Die Mussik is zu laut.

   The music is too loud.

Declension

Declension of laut (see also Appendix:Hunsrik adjectives)

		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
weak inflection	nominative	laut	laut	laut	laute
	accusative	laute	laut	laut	laute
	dative	laute	laute	laute	laute
strong inflection	nominative	lauter	laute	lautes	laute
	accusative	laute	laute	lautes	laute
	dative	lautem	lauter	lautem	laute

References

• André Kuster-Cid, Eduardo Fausto Kuster Cid (2018), “alto (volume)”, in Dicionário renano-hunsrik: português (in Portuguese), Vitória: Cousa, →ISBN, page 22, column 2
• Boll, Piter Kehoma (2021), “laut”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português, 3rd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 101, column 2

Icelandic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈløyːt/
• Rhymes: -øyːt

Noun

laut f (genitive singular lautar, nominative plural lautir)

1. hollow, depression

   Synonyms: lægð, dæld, gróf

Declension

Declension of laut (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	laut	lautin	lautir	lautirnar
accusative	laut	lautina	lautir	lautirnar
dative	laut	lautinni	lautum	lautunum
genitive	lautar	lautarinnar	lauta	lautanna

Etymology 2

Verb

laut

1. first/third-person singular past indicative active of lúta

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• laoet (1901–1947)

Etymology

From Malay laut, from Classical Malay laut (“sea”), from Proto-Malayic *laut (“towards the sea”), replaces an earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈlaut/ [ˈla.ʊt̪̚]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aut
• Syllabification: la‧ut

Noun

laut (plural laut-laut)

1. sea (body of water)

Derived terms

• kelautan
• lautan
• melaut
• melauti
• melautkan
• pelaut
• pelautan

Compounds

• barat laut
• timur laut

Further reading

• “laut”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Kapampangan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud influenced by Malay laut, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlaut/ [ˈläː.ut]
• Hyphenation: la‧ut

Noun

láut

1. gulf
2. deep sea; high seas

Derived terms

• kalautan (“depth”)

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [læːʊt]

Noun

laut (+ dative)

1. according to

Synonyms

• no

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *laut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Displaced earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)). Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Balinese lot (“sea”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /laot/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /laʊt/
• Rhymes: -aot, -ot

• Audio (Malaysia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ut

Noun

laut (Jawi spelling لاٴوت, uncountable)

1. sea (body of water)
2. (obsolete, before 14th century) north

   Synonym: (modern) utara

Derived terms

• kelautan
• lautan
• melaut
• melautkan
• pelaut
• pelautan

• barat laut
• timur laut
• Laut Rum
• Laut Kulzum

Descendants

• Indonesian: laut

References

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “لاوت laoet”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 114
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “لاٴوت laut”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 593
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “laut”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 28
• “laut”, in Kamus Dewan [The Institute Dictionary] (in Malay), Fourth edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2005, →ISBN

Further reading

• "laut" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

laut

1. past of lyta and lyte

Anagrams

• luta

Sundanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.

Noun

laut (Sundanese script ᮜᮅᮒ᮪)

1. sea

   Synonym: sagara

   Laut Jepang

   Sea of Japan

Derived terms

• angin laut
• bidara laut
• budah laut
• bungka laut
• kuda laut
• lalautan
• lautan
• sisi laut
• waru laut

Further reading

• "LAOET", in Coolsma, S (1913), Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij
• "laut" in Maman Sumantri; Atjep Djamaludin; Achmad Patoni; R.H. Moch. Koerdie; M.O. Koesman; Epa Sjafei Adisastra. (1985), Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lautta.

Noun

laut

1. raft

Declension

Inflection of laut (inflection type 5/sana)
nominative sing.	laut
genitive sing.	lautan
partitive sing.	lautad
partitive plur.	lautoid
	singular	plural
nominative	laut	lautad
accusative	lautan	lautad
genitive	lautan	lautoiden
partitive	lautad	lautoid
essive-instructive	lautan	lautoin
translative	lautaks	lautoikš
inessive	lautas	lautoiš
elative	lautaspäi	lautoišpäi
illative	lautaha lautha	lautoihe
adessive	lautal	lautoil
ablative	lautalpäi	lautoilpäi
allative	lautale	lautoile
abessive	lautata	lautoita
comitative	lautanke	lautoidenke
prolative	lautadme	lautoidme
approximative I	lautanno	lautoidenno
approximative II	lautannoks	lautoidennoks
egressive	lautannopäi	lautoidennopäi
terminative I	lautahasai lauthasai	lautoihesai
terminative II	lautalesai	lautoilesai
terminative III	lautassai	—
additive I	lautahapäi lauthapäi	lautoihepäi
additive II	lautalepäi	lautoilepäi