in

See also: Appendix:Variations of "in"

㏌ U+33CC, ㏌ SQUARE IN ← ㏋ [U+33CB] CJK Compatibility ㏍ → [U+33CD]

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Indonesian.

Symbol

in

1. (international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 639-1 language code for Indonesian.

   Synonym: id (current)

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Indonesian terms

English

Pronunciation

• (weak form) IPA^(key): /ən/, enPR: ən
• (strong form) IPA^(key): /ɪn/, enPR: ĭn
• (New Zealand, weak form) IPA^(key): /ɘn/

• Audio (UK, weak form); “in a while” /ən‿ə waːl/:

  (file)

• Audio (UK, strong form):

  (file)

• Audio (US, strong form):

  (file)

• Audio (General Australian, strong form):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪn
• Homophones: an (weak form), and (weak form), inn

Etymology 1

PIE word
*h₁en

Preposition and verb from Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Adverb, noun and adjective from Middle English in, from Old English inn and inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.

Sense 1/2 "in"/"into" are from the original PIE prefix, with locative/accusative case respectively. Sense 3/4 "qualification"/"means" are from the PIE metaphor of all infinitives coming from locatives.

Alternative forms

• i' (colloquial, poetic)

Preposition

A ship in a bottle.

A dog in a sink.

in

1. Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or abstract limits.
   1. Contained by; inside.

      The dog is in the kennel.

      There were three pickles in a jar.

   2. Within the bounds or limits of.

      I like living in the city.

      There are lots of trees in the park.

      He sat in the chair.

      She stood in the spotlight.

      • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

        GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory.

   3. Surrounded by; among; amidst.

      We are in the enemy camp.

      Her plane is in the air.

      Waiter! There's a fly in my soup!

   5. Wearing (an item of clothing).

      I glanced over at the pretty girl in the red dress.

      Who’s the blonde in the sunhat over there?

   6. Expressing abstract containment.

      There wasn't much of interest in her speech.

      He hasn't got an original idea in him.

   7. Part of; a member of; out of; from among.

      You are one in a million.

      She's in an orchestra.

   9. During (a period of time).

      My birthday is in the first week of December.

      Easter falls in the fourth lunar month.

      The country reached a high level of prosperity in his first term.

   11. Within (a certain elapsed time); by the end of.

       Will you be able to finish this in a week?

       The massacre resulted in over 1000 deaths in three hours.

   13. At the end of (a period of time).

       They said they would call us in a week.

   14. (grammar, phonetics) Characterized by.

       Many English nouns in -is form their plurals in -es, while those in kn- are pronounced just /n/-.

2. Into.

   Less water gets in your boots this way.

   She stood there looking in the window longingly.

   • 2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3-1 Newcastle”, in BBC:

     The ball was accidentally kicked in Kevin Nolan's face in the opening seconds of the contest – an incident that set the tone for an extremely uncomfortable encounter for the Premier League side.

3. By (doing something); indicating action causing an effect or achieving a purpose.

   In replacing the faucet washers, he felt he was making his contribution to the environment.

   In trying to make amends, she actually made matters worse.

   My aim in travelling there was to find my missing friend.

   • [1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:

     In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.

4. Indicating an order or arrangement.

   My fat rolls around in folds.

   The planes flew over in waves.

   Arrange the chairs in a circle.

6. Denoting a state of the subject.

   He stalked away in anger.

   John is in a coma.

   My fruit trees are in bud.

   The company is in profit.

7. Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics.

   You've got a friend in me.

   He's met his match in her.

9. Pertaining to; with regard to.

   There has been no change in his condition.

   What grade did he get in English?

10. Used to indicate means, medium, format, genre, or instrumentality.
    1. (of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.

       Please pay me in cash — preferably in tens and twenties.

       The deposit can be in any legal tender, even in gold.

       Her generosity was rewarded in the success of its recipients.

       • 2014, Carla Bethmann, Clean, Friendly, Profitable?: Tourism, page 114:

         […] tourists sometimes attempt to pay in euros or British pounds.

    2. Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.

       Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5" in C minor is among his most popular.

       His speech was in French, but was simultaneously translated into eight languages.

       When you write in cursive, it's illegible.

       Military letters should be formal in tone, but not stilted.

Derived terms

• 6in4
• add-in
• bail in
• ben
• built-in
• calcin
• caytaxin
• come in
• drop-in
• end in
• grid-in
• herein
• inable
• inband
• in between
• inbetwixt
• inblown
• inborne
• inbound
• inbox
• inbreath
• inburnt
• inburst
• inclearing
• incross
• indeed
• indegree
• indrift
• indriven
• infill
• in-fill
• in-flight
• in-footed
• inframe
• in funds
• ingate
• ingoer
• ingoing
• inkneed
• inlane
• inlier
• inlink
• inly
• inmeats
• inmost
• innage
• innermost
• inness
• in on
• in one's eyes
• inorder
• inpatient
• inplane
• inroad
• inrun
• inservice
• inshave
• inshoot
• inside
• insole
• in someone's eyes
• insomuch
• insooth
• insourcing
• inspan
• in-state
• instead
• instead of
• instealing
• in steam
• instore
• instroke
• insucking
• inswinging
• inswung
• intext
• into
• intoed
• intown
• in-town
• inwards
• inwash
• inwicking
• inworld
• live-in
• mixin
• opt-in
• piss in the popcorn
• plugin
• puss in a bag
• therein
• tuck-in
• wherein
• whipper-in
• within

Related terms

• in a hurry
• in a jiffy
• in haste
• in love
• in situ
• in tatters
• in the long term
• in the short term
• in turn

Translations

See in/translations § Preposition.

Verb

in (third-person singular simple present ins, present participle inning, simple past and past participle inned)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To enclose.
2. (obsolete, transitive) To take in; to harvest.
   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop.

Adverb

in (not comparable)

1. At or towards the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.

   Suddenly a strange man walked in.

   Would you like that to take away or eat in?

   He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and dived in.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

2. Towards the speaker or other reference point.

   They flew in from London last night.

   For six hours the tide flows in, then for another six hours it flows out.

3. So as to be enclosed or surrounded by something.

   Bring the water to the boil and drop the vegetables in.

4. After the beginning of something.

   The show still didn't become interesting 20 minutes in.

   • 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2-2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport‎^[2]:

     The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.

5. (in combination, after a verb) Denotes a gathering of people assembled for the stated activity, sometimes, though not always, suggesting a protest.

   sing-in, pray-in, hug-in; see also be-in, love-in, sit-in, teach-in.

Translations

See in/translations § Adverb.

Noun

in (plural ins)

1. A position of power or influence, or a way to get it.

   His parents got him an in with the company.

   • 1987 February 1, T. R. Witomski, “Zeitgeist or Poltergeist? Why Gay Books Are So Bad”, in Gay Community News, volume 14, number 28, page 9:

     Holleran's and White's diminishing capacities as writers does not affect their publishing ins': the writer the house knows is always better than the writer the house doesn't know.

2. (chiefly in the plural) One who, or that which, is in; especially, one who is in office.

   Antonym: out

   • 1827, Benjamin Chew, A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World, page 192:

     This memoir has nothing to do with the question between the ins and the outs; it is intended neither to support nor to assail the administration; it is general in its views upon a general and national subject; […]

3. (sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting; see innings.

Antonyms

• out

Related terms

• ins and outs

Translations

See in/translations § Noun.

Adjective

in (comparative more in, superlative most in)

1. (not comparable) Located indoors, especially at home or at one's office or place of work.

   Is Mr. Smith in?

2. (not comparable) Located inside something.

   Little by little I pushed the snake into the basket, until finally all of it was in.

   The bullet is about five centimetres in.

3. (sports, of the ball or other playing implement) Falling or remaining within the bounds of the playing area.

   If the tennis ball bounces on the line then it's in.

4. Inserted or fitted into something.

   I've discovered why the TV wasn't working – the plug wasn't in!

5. Having been collected or received.

   The replies to the questionnaires are now all in.

6. In fashion; popular.

   Skirts are in this year.

   • 1996, “The Great Southern Trendkill”, performed by Pantera:

     Pierce a new hole
     If Hell was in you'd give your soul
     To the great southern trendkill

7. Incoming.

   the in train

8. (nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.
9. Of the tide, at or near its highest level.

   You can't get round the headland when the tide's in.

10. (law) With privilege or possession; used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin

    in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband

11. (cricket) Currently batting.
12. Having familiarity or involvement with somebody.

    He is very in with the Joneses.

    • 2010, Joe R. Lansdale, Flaming Zeppelins: The Adventures of Ned the Seal, page 123:

      “ […] He […] took a rifle out of the batch and shot at me. I was lucky he was such a crummy shot.”
      “Why would he do that?”
      “I think he's in with them, Doctor.”
      “Them? You mean Ned and Cody?”
      “All of them. Hickok, the split tail, the whole lot.”

13. (informal) Having a favourable position, such as a position of influence or expected gain, in relation to another person.

    I need to keep in with the neighbours in case I ever need a favour from them.

    I think that bird fancies you. You're in there, mate!

    • 2004, The Streets, “Could Well Be In”:

      I saw this thing on ITV the other week,
      Said, that if she played with her hair, she's probably keen
      She's playing with her hair, well regularly,
      So I reckon I could well be in.

14. (of fire or fuel) (British, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) Burning; ablaze.
    • 1888, H.C. O’Neill, Edith A. Barnett, Our Nurses and the Work They Have to Do‎^[3], page 81:

      Blocks of compressed coal keep the fire in for a long time, but they give out very little heat.

    • 1894, Henry Kingsley, The Recollections of Geoffry Hamlyn - Volume 2‎^[4], page 183:

      “At all events,” said the Doctor, “the fire’s in, and here’s the camp-oven, too. Somebody will be here soon. I will go in and light my pipe.”

    • 1901, William Francis Barry, The Wizard’s Knot‎^[5], page 231:

      Was there any person in your own house at Renmore to keep the fire in while you were here?.

    • 2011, Rosemary Sutcliff, The Eagle of the Ninth Chronicles‎^[6]:

      Normally when they camped in the wild they took turns to sit up and keep the fire in while the others slept, […].

    • 2019, A.L.Lester, Shadows on the Border‎^[7]:

      He turned and started making up the range to keep the fire in overnight, and heard the front door click and Grant’s motor fire up. Sleep. He needed to sleep.

15. Having used, consumed , or invested a certain amount.

    I'm three drinks in right now.

    I was 500 dollars in when the stock crashed.

Translations

See in/translations § Adjective.

Descendants

• → Portuguese: in

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• in.

Noun

in (plural ins or in)

1. Abbreviation of inch or inches.
   • 2025 June 3, Mark O’Connell, “‘The Mozart of the attention economy’: why MrBeast is the world’s biggest YouTube star”, in The Guardian‎^[8], archived from the original on 7 June 2025:

     Donaldson is not by any means one of God’s chosen entertainment-industry stars. He’s not especially handsome, and neither is he particularly funny-looking. At 6ft 5in, and with the sparse reddish beard he nowadays sports, he has the charmingly awkward aspect of a teen who has recently put on a growth spurt and hasn’t quite settled into himself.

References

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Anagrams

• N.I., NI, ni

Abinomn

Pronoun

in

1. he; she

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch in, from Middle Dutch in, from Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ən/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

in

1. in; inside; within

Preposition

in

1. in
2. into

Derived terms

• daarin
• hierin
• innie

Akkadian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Preposition

in

1. alternative form of ina (“in, on, at”)

Ayomán

Noun

in

1. water

References

• Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)

Baure

Noun

in

1. water

References

• Swintha Danielsen, Baure: An Arawak Language of Bolivia

Central Nahuatl

Article

in

1. the.

Chamorro

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Pronoun

in

1. we (exclusive)

Usage notes

• in is used solely as a subject of a transitive verb, while ham is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or an object of a transitive verb.

See also

Chamorro personal pronouns

	singular	plural inclusive	plural exclusive
hu-type pronouns
1st person	hu	ta	in
2nd person	un	en
3rd person	ha	ma
yoʼ-type pronouns
1st person	yoʼ	hit	ham
2nd person	hao	hamyo
3rd person	gueʼ	siha
emphatic pronouns
1st person	guahu	hita	hami
2nd person	hagu	hamyo
3rd person	guiya	siha

References

• Donald M. Topping (1973), Chamorro Reference Grammar‎^[9], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Champenois

Numeral

in

1. one

Chinese

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): in¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: in¹
    • Yale: īn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: in¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: in¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iːn⁵⁵/

Etymology 1

From English in.

Adjective

in

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) in fashion; popular

Antonyms

• out (au¹)

Etymology 2

Clipping of English interview.

Verb

in

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to interview
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Etymology 3

Clipping of English integrate.

Verb

in

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, mathematics) to integrate

Coordinate terms

• d (di¹, “to differentiate”)

References

• English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese

Chuukese

Noun

in

1. mother

Cimbrian

Etymology 1

From Middle High German in, from Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in (“in”).

Preposition

in

1. (Luserna, Sette Comuni, + dative) in

Alternative forms

• inn (Sette Comuni)

Etymology 2

From Middle High German in, from Old High German inan, from Proto-Germanic *inǭ.

Pronoun

in

1. (Sette Comuni) accusative of èar: him

Alternative forms

• en

See also

Cimbrian personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative
1st person singular		ich	mich	miar
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich	diar
	polite	iart	ach	òich
3rd person singular	m	èar, ar	in, en	iime
	f	zi, ze		iar
	n	es, is	es, 's	iime
1st person plural		bar, bandare	zich	izàndarn
2nd person plural		iart, iartàndare, artàndare	òich, ach	ogàndarn
3rd person plural		ze, zòi, zandare	zich	innàndarn

Etymology 3

Article

in

1. (Sette Comuni, Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
   1. accusative singular masculine
   2. dative plural

Derived terms

• von (contraction)

See also

Cimbrian definite articles

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	dar	de / di	's / z	de / di
accusative	in	de / di	's / z	de / di
dative	me	dar	me	in

References

• “in” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974), Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Classical Nahuatl

Article

in

1. the

Pronoun

in, īn

1. (demonstrative) this; these

Derived terms

• inin
• inon

Related terms

• on

References

• Michel Launey with Christopher Mackay (2011), An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, page Loc 1408

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from English in.

Adjective

in (neuter in, plural and definite singular attributive in)

1. (colloquial) fashionable, in

Synonyms

• hip
• hot

Antonyms

• yt
• out

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: in
• Rhymes: -ɪn

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch in, from Old Dutch in, from Proto-West Germanic *in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Preposition

in

1. in (expressing containment)

   De geest in de fles ― the genie in the bottle

   In het boek staat weinig interessants. ― In the book there is little of interest.

Declension

Pronominal adverbs of in

preposition	in
postpositional adv.	in
+ het (it)	erin
+ dit (this)	hierin
+ dat (that)	daarin
+ wat (what)	waarin
+ iets (something)	ergens in
+ niets (nothing)	nergens in
+ alles (everything)	overal in

Adverb

in

1. in, inside
2. (postpositional) into

   De jongen rende het huis in. ― The boy ran into the house.

Synonyms

• binnen

Antonyms

• uit
• buiten

Derived terms

• achterin
• als in
• binnenin
• bovenin
• indruk
• induiken
• ineens
• ingaan
• ingeven
• inhouden
• inkleuren
• inkomen
• inroepen
• insluiten
• inspreken
• instellen
• invoeren
• invriezen
• invullen
• inzenden
• inzetten
• voorin

Descendants

• Afrikaans: in
• Jersey Dutch: än, in

Adjective

in (used only predicatively, not comparable)

1. in style, fashionable

   Synonyms: modieus, hip

   Baggy kleren zijn in. ― Baggy clothes are fashionable.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

in

1. inflection of innen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Emilian

Etymology

From Latin inde (“thence”). Cognate with Catalan en, French en, Italian ne.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/
• Hyphenation: in

Pronoun

in (adverbial)

1. (genitive case) of it, of them

   Vô-t di pām? A t’in dāg dû.

   Do you want some apples? I will give you two (of them).

2. (genitive case) about it, about them

   A t’in avîva descòurs ajêr.

   I talked to you about it yesterday.

3. (ablative case) from here

   A sòun stùf, a m’in vāg.

   I am tired, I am leaving (from here).

Alternative forms

• Becomes n- before a vowel (proclitic).

  A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).

• Becomes -en when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).

  Mānjen un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, singular)

• Becomes -n when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).

  Manjēn un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, plural)

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from English in.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈin/, [ˈin]
• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification^(key): in
• Hyphenation^(key): in

Adjective

in (informal)

1. in, popular (in fashion)
   • 1985, Jukka Karjalainen, “Mikä mahtaa olla in?”, in Doris, performed by J. Karjalainen ja mustat lasit:

     Tee niin, tee näin, olet in, in, in,
     Olet keskipiste koko kaupungin

     Do this, do that, [and] you will be in, in, in,
     You will be the centre of the whole city

   • 1991, “Oot maalainen”, in Juha Vainio (lyrics), Viiskymppisen viisut, performed by Juha Vainio:

     Kuiskaan silloin hiljaa: «mie viljele en viljaa;
     oon vihdoin in»!

     So I quietly whisper: "I don't grow no crops;
     I'm finally in"!

Antonyms

• out

Further reading

• “in”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[10] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• -ni

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin in.

Preposition

in

1. in

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔɪn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Middle High German in, from Old High German in.

Preposition

in

1. [with dative] in, inside, within, at (inside a building)

   Es ist im (in dem) Haus. ― It is in the house.

   Ich habe die Schlüssel im (in dem) Kühlschrank gefunden. ― I found the keys in the refrigerator.

   Unsere Kinder sind in der Schule. ― Our kids are at school.

   Er ist in einem Café. ― He is at a coffee shop.

   Letzte Nacht waren sie im (in dem) Club. ― They were at the club last night.

2. [with dative] in (pertaining to)

   in diesem Sinne ― in this/that sense

3. [with dative] in, at, by (at the end of or during a period of time)

   Er schloss sein Studium im (in dem) Alter von vierzehn. ― He completed his studies at/by the age of fourteen.

   im (in dem) Alter ― in old age

   im (in dem) Mittelalter ― during the middle ages

   in den 1960er Jahren ― in the 1960s

4. [with accusative] into, to (going inside (of))

   Er geht ins (in das) Haus. ― He goes into the house.

   Wir gehen in die Schweiz. ― We are going to Switzerland.

   Wir treten in ein neues Zeitalter ein. ― We are coming into a new age.

Usage notes

The preposition in is used with the accusative case if the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with the dative case if the verb shows location.

Inflection

Pronominal adverbs of in

preposition	in
+ wo-	worin
+ da-	darin
+ hier-	hierin

Derived terms

• (in + dem) im m or n
• (in + das) ins n
• in der Zwickmühle stecken

Etymology 2

Contraction

in

1. (dated) contraction of in +‎ den

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English in.

Adjective

in (indeclinable, predicative only)

1. in, popular (in fashion)

Declension

Indeclinable, predicative-only.

Further reading

• “in” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• Friedrich Kluge (1883), “in”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

Gothic

Romanization

in

1. romanization of 𐌹𐌽

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of in – see 𪜶 (“they; them; their; theirs; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 𪜶).

Interlingua

Preposition

in

1. in

Irish

Preposition

in (plus dative, triggers eclipsis)

1. alternative form of i

Usage notes

This variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur (“your pl”), before dhá (“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.

In older texts, the n is spelled together with a vowel-initial word (e.g. i n-aice le instead of modern in aice le (“beside”) and i nÉirinn or i n-Éirinn instead of modern in Éirinn (“in Ireland”). Also in older texts, in bhur may be spelled i nbhur.

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin in.

Preposition

in

1. in; on
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:

     Cume li va puleîto in alto mare!

     How they row well on the high seas!

Italian

Etymology

From Latin in.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈin/
• Rhymes: -in
• Hyphenation: ìn

Preposition

in

1. in

   Ho qualcosa in tasca. ― I have something in my pocket.

   Partirò in primavera. ― I will be leaving in spring.

   Vado in quinta elementare. ― I'm in fifth grade.

2. to

   Sono andato in panetteria. ― I went to the bakery.

3. into
4. by

   Vado a scuola in autobus. ― I go to school by bus.

5. on

   Ho messo un cappello in testa. ― I put a hat on my head.

   Metti il pane in tavola. ― Put the bread on the table.

6. marker of way or manner

   riso in bianco ― plain rice (literally, “rice in white”)

   camminare in punta di piedi ― to walk on the tips of one's toes

Usage notes

• When followed by the definite article, in is combined with the article to produce the following combined forms:

in + article	Combined form
in + il	nel
in + lo	nello
in + l'	nell'
in + i	nei
in + gli	negli
in + la	nella
in + le	nelle

Derived terms

• in quadrupedia

Anagrams

• ni, nì

Japanese

Romanization

in

1. Rōmaji transcription of いん

Juǀ'hoan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ĩ/

Letter

in (upper case In)

1. A letter of the Juǀ'hoan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Karaim

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic.

Noun

in

1. shoulder

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “in”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *īn.

Noun

in

1. hole

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “in”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Ladin

Preposition

in

1. in

Latin

Alternative forms

• en, endo, indu (Old Latin)

Etymology

From earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Cognates include English in, Ancient Greek ἐν (en).

The ablative is from the locative, and the accusative is from the directional.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɪn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈin]

Preposition

in (+ ablative)

1. in, at, on, upon, from (space) [with ablative]
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III

     omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
     et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
     in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt

     So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
     whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
     collapse into the frenzies and the fire.

   • Seneca

     venenum in auro bibitur

     Poison is drunk from a gold cup.

2. under, within, in [with ablative]
   • c. 41 BCE – 39 BCE, Virgil, Eclogues 1.4:

     lentus in umbrā

     sluggish under the shade

3. during, within, while in (time) [with ablative]
4. about, respecting, concerning (of reference) [with ablative]
5. among [with ablative]
   • Vulgate, Gospel of St. John 1:14:

     Et Verbum caro factum est, et habitavit in nobis :

     And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us,

   • Vulgate, Gospel of St. Luke 1:28:

     Et ingressus angelus ad eam dixit : Ave gratia plena : Dominus tecum : benedicta tu in mulieribus.

     And the angel being come in, said unto her: Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.

in (+ accusative)

1. into, to [with accusative]
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III

     omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
     et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
     in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt

     So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
     whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
     collapse into the frenzies and the fire.

   • 1774, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ 1:

     De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.

     On the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.

2. toward, towards, against, at [with accusative]

   Gallī in Rōmānōs incurrunt. ― The Gauls are rushing against the Romans.

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.6:

     Scelera in se fratris

     The brother’s crimes against himself

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.12:

     in adversum Romani subiere

     The Romans marched against their enemy

3. until, for [with accusative]
4. about [with accusative]
5. according to [with accusative]
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.19:

     generatimque distributi in civitates

     and being distributed in tribes according to their respective nations

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Antonyms

• ex

Derived terms

• asinus in tegulis
• in cassum
• in nuce
• in unguem
• in-
• inter
• intra
• intus
• lupus in fabula
• lupus in sermone

Descendants

• Eastern Romance:
  • Aromanian: ãn
  • Istro-Romanian: ăn
  • Megleno-Romanian: ăn
  • Romanian: în
• Dalmatian:
  • en
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: in
  • Judeo-Italian: אִין (ʔin /⁠in⁠/)
  • Sicilian: 'n
• Padanian:
  • Friulian: in
  • Ligurian: in
  • Piedmontese: ën
  • Romansh: en
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: en
  • Franco-Provençal: en
  • French: en
  • Occitan: en
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Mozarabic: אן (ʔn)
  • Portuguese: em
  • Spanish: en
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: in

Ligurian

Etymology 1

From Latin in.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iŋ/

Preposition

in

1. in

in + article	Combined form
in + o	ne-o
in + a	ne-a
in + i	ne-i
in + e	ne-e

Synonyms

• inte

Etymology 2

With iotacism, from un (“a, an”, indefinite article).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Article

in

1. a, an (male)

Usage notes

• This form is found:
  • in sentence-initial position, or after a punctuation mark
  • after words ending in /ŋ/

Lombard

Alternative forms

• ind (followed by article)
• en, èn (Eastern orthographies)

Etymology

From Latin in.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/, /iŋ/ (Western)
• IPA^(key): /en/, [ɛn], [an] (Eastern)

Preposition

in

1. in

Usage notes

• When followed by a definite or indefinite article, it's replaced by ind.

Louisiana Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̃/
• Rhymes: -ɛ̃

Article

in m (indefinite, feminine ènn or unn)

1. alternative form of un (“a(n); one”)

Usage notes

• Grammatical gender is variably applied in Louisiana Creole, so this term may also be used with traditionally feminine nouns.

Mapudungun

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈin]

Verb

in (Raguileo spelling)

1. To eat.
2. first-person singular realis form of in

See also

• kofketun
• ilotun

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Marshallese

Pronunciation

• (phonetics) IPA^(key): [inʲ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /jinʲ/
• Bender phonemes: {yin}

Etymology 1

Preposition

in

1. to

Etymology 2

Noun

in

1. grass skirt

Synonyms

• ōr

Etymology 3

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

Pronoun

in

1. this (thing close to us both)
2. demonstrative, first person inclusive singular

Etymology 4

Preposition

in

1. alternative form of -in

References

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Preposition

in [with accusative or dative]

1. in, inside, within
2. into
3. within (a time period)
4. in (a condition)

Descendants

• Dutch: in
  • Afrikaans: in
• Limburgish: in

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Contraction

in

1. contraction of ic +‎ ne

Further reading

• “in”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “in (VI)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page VI

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English inn.

Alternative forms

• inn, inne, ine, yn, ynne

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Noun

in (plural innes)

2. Any kind of accommodation; particularly:
   1. A holiday home or guesthouse; a house set up as accommodation.
   2. An inn or hostel; a building with multiple rooms to let.
   3. A camp used by an army; barracks.
3. A home or house; habitation or housing one lives in.
   • 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 62, recto:

     For who so wolde senge a cattes skyn / Thanne wolde the cat wel dwellen in his In

     For if someone wants to singe a cat’s skin, the cat would rather stay in its house.

4. A dormitory; housing for students.

Descendants

• English: inn
• Scots: inn

References

• “in, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2 May 2018.

Etymology 2

From Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Alternative forms

• ine, i, yn, yne, en, i, an, y

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/, /iː/, /i/, /ən/

Preposition

in

2. in; with the following special senses:
   1. in, inside; encircled or confined by, with the following special senses:
      1. inside, within (a text or document)
      2. inside, within (one's mind)
      3. inside, in, indoors of.
      4. amongst, in a crowd of.
   2. wearing, having on, clad in
   3. in a quality or mode: with the following special senses:
      1. affected by, under the influence of.
      2. held by someone, in someone's grasp
      3. owned by someone, in someone's control
   4. inside, at or on a location or place.
   5. secured with; bound with
   6. in the midst of, while, currently doing
   7. in (pieces or portions), into.
   8. about; of, on the matter of.
3. in the form, way, or manner of.
4. on, above, on top of.
5. facing at, in the direction of.
6. Being one of a set or group.
7. Being owned by; in one's possession.
8. due to, as, for the reason that.
9. versus; in conflict with; fighting with.
10. using, utilising, with the means of.
11. (rare) with, in the company of.

Usage notes

in is usually postpositive in Middle English. For example, the previous sentence would be in is after þe noun lome Middel Englisch in.

Related terms

• in-
• in-to
• inward
• inwit
• inwith

Descendants

• English: in
• Scots: in, i, i'
• Yola: ing, in, yn, i, ee, eee

References

• “in, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 May 2018.

Etymology 3

From Old English inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.

Alternative forms

• inne, yne, yn, hyn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Adverb

in

2. in; with the following special senses:
   1. in, inside; encircled or confined by.
   2. inside, in, in the centre of.
   3. in a quality or mode.
3. in towards, in the direction of.
4. on, on top of; above
5. using, utilising, with the means of.

Descendants

• English: in
• Scots: in

References

• “in, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 May 2018.

Etymology 4

Pronoun

in

1. alternative form of hine

Mizo

Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qim.

Noun

in

1. house, home

Etymology 2

From i (“you sg”) +‎ -n (forms plural pronouns).

Pronoun

in (singular i)

1. (clitic) you, your sg

See also

Mizo personal pronouns

Person	Clitic		Free
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
1st person	ka	kan	kei	keini
2nd person	i	in	nang	nangni
3rd person	a	an	ani	anni

Mizo verb agreement pronouns

Subject →		1st person		2nd person		3rd person
↓ Object		Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
1st person	Singular	—		mi ... min ...
	Plural
2nd person	Singular	ka ... che	kan ... che	—		a ... che	an ... che
	Plural	ka ... che u	kan ... che u			a ... che u	an ... che u
3rd person	Singular	ka ...	kan ...	i ...	in ...	a ...	an ...
	Plural

• mi and min, despite being originally singular and plural respectively, have been completely interchangeable since the early 20th century.
• The ellipses (...) indicate the location of the verb in relation to the agreement pronouns surrounding it.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔin (ablative marker).

Particle

in

1. Instrumental marker: by, with

Derived terms

• -in

Mohegan-Pequot

Noun

in

1. man (adult male)

References

• A Vocabulary of Mohegan-Pequot (John D. Prince, Frank G. Speck)

Mokilese

Particle

in

1. construct particle; of, relating to

Preposition

in

1. at
2. in
3. on

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈin/

Verb

in

1. first-person singular present of ii

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• inn (adjective)

Etymology

From English in.

Adjective

in (singular and plural in)

1. popular

References

• “in” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ni

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• inn (adjective)

Etymology

From English in.

Adjective

in (singular and plural in)

1. popular

References

• “in” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ni

Old English

Alternative forms

• ᛁᚾ (in) — Franks Casket

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *in.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Preposition

in (Anglian)

1. in
   • 10th century, The Wanderer:

     Forðon dōmġeorne · drēoriġne oft
     in hyra brēostcofan · bindað fæste;

     Therefore, eager for glory men oft bind tightly in their breast-chambers the sad one.

Usage notes

In the West Saxon dialect, this word was replaced by on during the separate prehistory of Old English. However, it was still used as a prefix to form many words such as ingang (“entrance”), inġewinn (“civil war”), inġeþanc (“inner thoughts”), inlendisċ (“native”), intinga (“cause”), and inweorc (“indoor work”), and it was still implied by derived adverbs such as inne (“inside”), innan (“from the inside”), and inn (“in,” adverb).

Descendants

• Middle English: in
  • English: in
  • Scots: in

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *inn.

Adverb

in

1. alternative form of inn

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Preposition

in

1. in

Descendants

• Middle High German: in
  • Bavarian: i

    Cimbrian: inn, in (preposition)

  • Central Franconian: en, ön, on
  • German: in
  • Luxembourgish: an
  • Rhine Franconian: in, en
    • Pennsylvania German: in
  • Yiddish: אין (in)

Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (“this”), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“this”); weak doublet of sin (“this”).

Article

in

1. the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)
2. alternative spelling of ind

For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Usage notes

• Triggers nasalization of the following noun in the masculine and feminine singular accusative.
• Triggers lenition of the following noun as an alternative spelling of ind.

Declension

Case	Singular			Dual			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	in int (before vowels)	indL int (before ṡ)	aN	in dáL	in díL	in dáN	indL	innaH
Accusative	inN						innaH
Genitive	indL int (before ṡ)	innaH	indL int (before ṡ)	in dáL		in dáN	innaN
Dative	dondL; dont (before ṡ) cossindL; cossint (before ṡ) etc.			don dibN cossin dibN etc.			donaib cosnaib etc.
	Note: The dative is used only after a preposition, which forms a contraction with the definite article, e.g. dond (“to the”), cossind (“with the”), etc.
Mutations triggered: H = /h/-prothesis   •   L = lenition   •   N = eclipsis

Derived terms

• insin
• inso

Descendants

• Irish: an
• Scottish Gaelic: an
• Manx: yn

Etymology 2

Unknown. Probably related to Middle Welsh a (interrogative particle). The n may be from Proto-Celtic *ne (compare Latin -ne (interrogative particle). Has been compared to Latin an (“or, whether”, interrogative particle).

Particle

in (triggers eclipsis)

1. interrogative particle forming yes-no questions

For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Derived terms

• duús in

Verb

in (triggers eclipsis)

1. third-person singular present indicative interrogative of is: is...?

Etymology 3

Preposition

in

1. alternative form of i (“in”) (often before cach, cech (“each, every”) and for (“your pl”))

Etymology 4

Certainly cognate with Middle Welsh and Welsh yn (predicate marker); possibly originally the masculine/neuter dative singular of the definite article (see etymology 1).

Alternatively from a preposition Proto-Celtic *endo, governing the dative, a compound of *en (“in”) and *do (“to”)

Particle

in

1. Used with the masculine/neuter dative singular of an adjective to form the corresponding adverb: -ly

For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.

Old Norse

Article

in

1. inflection of inn:
   1. feminine nominative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative plural

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *in.

Preposition

in

1. in

Descendants

• Middle Low German: in
  • Plautdietsch: en

Pennsylvania German

Preposition

in

1. in

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈĩ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈin/

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Unadapted borrowing from Latin in (“in”). Doublet of em.

Preposition

in

1. found in the given reference

Related terms

• em

Etymology 2

Unadapted borrowing from English in.

Adjective

in (invariable)

1. in fashion

   Synonym: na moda

Romagnol

Etymology

From Latin in (“in”).

Pronunciation

• (Central Romagnol) IPA^(key): [i]
  • (Ville Unite):

Preposition

in

1. in, into
   • 2024, Franco Alpini, Andrea Alpini, La Bébia In Dialét Rumagnól, Genesis 1:1:

     In te prinzipi Dio e creét i zil e la tèra.

     In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.

2. by

   A vég a Ravèna in bicicléta.

   I go to Ravenna by bike.

References

Masotti, Adelmo (1996), Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 289

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin līnum (“flax”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Noun

in n (plural inuri)

1. flax

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	in	inul		inuri	inurile
genitive-dative	in	inului		inuri	inurilor
vocative	inule			inurilor

Related terms

• inar
• ie

Romansh

Romansh cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : in

Alternative forms

• egn (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
• ün (Puter, Vallader)

Etymology

From Latin ūnus.

Article

in m (feminine ina)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) a, an

Number

in m (feminine ina)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) one

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin in, from earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Preposition

in

1. in, into

Derived terms

• in d'

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006), Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
• Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Sassarese

Alternative forms

• i', i (apocopic)

Etymology

From Latin in, from earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

Preposition

in

1. in

   Soggu in sigunda erementari ― I'm in second grade

   Canti seddi in crassi tóia? ― How many are you in your class?

   Paràuri ischritti in rùiu ― Words written in red

   Fabeddàbani in sassaresu ― They were speaking (in) Sassarese

   • 1866, chapter III, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎^[11] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), London, translation of Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, verse 1, page 7:

     In chissi dì poi vinisi Giuanni Battilta pridigghendi in lu diseltu di la Giudea

     In those days, then came John the Baptist, preaching in the desert of Judaea

   • 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Puisia [Poetry]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 19:

     E s’ammenta di nommi immintigaddi,
     un basgiu dazi a facci risurani,
     chi più no li vidia che in sonni fei

     And she remembers forgotten names, gives a kiss to smiling faces she would only see again in nightmares

     (literally, “And she remembers herself of forgotten names, a kiss gives to laughing faces, which she didn't see anymore except in bad dreams”)

References

• Rubattu, Antoninu (2006), Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian in, from Proto-West Germanic *in. Cognates include West Frisian yn and German in.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/
• Hyphenation: in
• Rhymes: -ɪn

Preposition

in (neuter or distal adverb deerin, proximal adverb hierin, interrogative adverb wierin)

1. in, inside
2. in, into

Related terms

• ien

References

• Marron C. Fort (2015), “in”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьnъ.

Adjective

in (Cyrillic spelling ин)

1. (rare, archaic) other

   Synonym: drugi

Declension

indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		in	ina	ino
genitive		ina	ine	ina
dative		inu	inoj	inu
accusative	inanimate animate	in ina	inu	ino
vocative		in	ina	ino
locative		inu	inoj	inu
instrumental		inim	inom	inim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ini	ine	ina
genitive		inih	inih	inih
dative		inim(a)	inim(a)	inim(a)
accusative		ine	ine	ina
vocative		ini	ine	ina
locative		inim(a)	inim(a)	inim(a)
instrumental		inim(a)	inim(a)	inim(a)

definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ini	ina	ino
genitive		inog(a)	ine	inog(a)
dative		inom(u/e)	inoj	inom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	ini inog(a)	inu	ino
vocative		ini	ina	ino
locative		inom(e/u)	inoj	inom(e/u)
instrumental		inim	inom	inim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ini	ine	ina
genitive		inih	inih	inih
dative		inim(a)	inim(a)	inim(a)
accusative		ine	ine	ina
vocative		ini	ine	ina
locative		inim(a)	inim(a)	inim(a)
instrumental		inim(a)	inim(a)	inim(a)

Related terms

• inače
• inostranstvo
• inozemstvo

References

Budmani, Pero (1887-1891), "Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika" Volume III, p. 827

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *i.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/

• Audio:

  (file)

Conjunction

in

1. and

Synonyms

• i (dialectal)

Sumerian

Romanization

in

1. romanization of 𒅔 (in)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

in

1. into, to in

   Antonym: ut (“to out”)

   Han gick in ― He walked in ("to in")

   Han gick inne ― He was walking around inside (for comparison)

   De går in ― They're walking in ("to in")

   Han gick in i rummet ― He walked into the room

   Han är inne i rummet ― He is in the room

See also

• inne (“in as a location, inside”)
• inåt (“inwards”)

References

• in in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• in in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• in in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• ni

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in/
• Hyphenation: in
• Rhymes: -in

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish این (in), from Proto-Turkic *īn (“lair, burrow”)

Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰃𐰤 (in), Turkmen hīn, Southern Altai ийин (iyin), Kazakh ін (ın), Yakut иин (iin).

Noun

in (definite accusative ini, plural inler)

1. lair, den, burrow
2. cave

Declension

Declension of in

singular plural nominative in inler definite accusative ini inleri dative ine inlere locative inde inlerde ablative inden inlerden genitive inin inlerin Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular inim inlerim 2nd singular inin inlerin 3rd singular ini inleri 1st plural inimiz inlerimiz 2nd plural ininiz inleriniz 3rd plural inleri inleri definite accusative singular plural 1st singular inimi inlerimi 2nd singular inini inlerini 3rd singular inini inlerini 1st plural inimizi inlerimizi 2nd plural ininizi inlerinizi 3rd plural inlerini inlerini dative singular plural 1st singular inime inlerime 2nd singular inine inlerine 3rd singular inine inlerine 1st plural inimize inlerimize 2nd plural ininize inlerinize 3rd plural inlerine inlerine locative singular plural 1st singular inimde inlerimde 2nd singular ininde inlerinde 3rd singular ininde inlerinde 1st plural inimizde inlerimizde 2nd plural ininizde inlerinizde 3rd plural inlerinde inlerinde ablative singular plural 1st singular inimden inlerimden 2nd singular ininden inlerinden 3rd singular ininden inlerinden 1st plural inimizden inlerimizden 2nd plural ininizden inlerinizden 3rd plural inlerinden inlerinden genitive singular plural 1st singular inimin inlerimin 2nd singular ininin inlerinin 3rd singular ininin inlerinin 1st plural inimizin inlerimizin 2nd plural ininizin inlerinizin 3rd plural inlerinin inlerinin

Etymology 2

Verb

in

1. second-person singular imperative of inmek

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔin˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔin˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɨn˧˧]

• Audio (Saigon):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 印 (“to print”, SV: ấn).

Verb

in

1. to print

Derived terms

• máy in (“printer”)
• in ấn (“printing”)

Etymology 2

Adjective

in

1. (only in compounds) perfectly fitted

Derived terms

• vừa in

Anagrams

• ni

Volapük

Preposition

in

1. in
   • 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: VII:

     E kis-li? Logol cipi in log bloda olik, e bemi in log olik no küpol!

     Why do you observe the splinter in your brother’s eye and never notice the great log in your own?

   • 1940, “Pötü yelacen”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 1:

     In Siyop ya dü yels mödik krigastad bevü Yapän e Tsyinän dareigon, ed in Yurop krig jenon bevü Deutän e Polän, Linglän e Fransän, e bevü Rusän e Suomiyän.

     In Asia, a state of war has been going on for years between Japan and China, and in Europe war is being waged between Germany and Poland, England and France, and between Russia and Finland.

Welsh

Alternative forms

• i ni, inni

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

Pronoun

in

1. (literary) first-person plural of i

West Frisian

Etymology

Shortened from ien (“one”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ən/

Determiner

in

1. a, an; indefinite article

Further reading

• “in (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Woiwurrung

Alternative forms

• din

Determiner

in

1. Second-person singular possessive determiner. See Appendix:Possessive#English.
   1. liwikin.
   2. wurrungin.

Yola

Preposition

in

1. alternative form of ing (“in”)
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:

     At by mizluck was ee-pit t'drive in.

     Who by misluck was placed to drive in.

   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:

     A clugercheen gother: all, ing pile an in heep,

     A crowd gathered up: all, in pile and in heap,

   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:

     An gooude usquebaugh ee-sarith uth in cooanès.

     And good whiskey served out in wooden cans.

   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:

     Raree met in plathearès, ee-zet in a rooe,

     There was choice meat in platters, set in a row,

   • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:

     Lickweese mee been deeth in aar heeve.

     Likewise my bees die in their hive.

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 84

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (mid-tone): IPA^(key): /ĩ̄/
• (high-tone): IPA^(key): /ĩ́/

Pronoun

in

1. him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /ĩ/)

Pronoun

ín

1. him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /ĩ/)

See also

Yoruba personal pronouns

		subject		object1	emphatic
		affirmative	negative
singular	1st person	mo	n̄ / mi	mi	èmi
	2nd person	o		ọ / ẹ	ìwọ
	3rd person	ó	[pronoun dropped]	[preceding vowel repeated for mono­syllabic verbs] / ẹ̀	òun
plural	1st person	a		wa	àwa
	2nd person	ẹ		yín	ẹ̀yin
	3rd person	wọ́n	wọn	wọn	àwọn

¹ Except for yín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ĩ̀/

Pronoun

ìn

1. (Ekiti) you, alternative form of ẹ (“(second-person plural or honorific personal pronoun)”)

Zou

In khet.

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kim (“house, womb”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǐn/

Noun

ín

1. house

Derived terms

• inva

References

• Chungkham Yashawanta Singh; Lukram Himmat (2013), A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41
• Philip Thanglienmang (2014), “Zou Tonology”, in Indian Linguistics, volume 75, numbers 1-2, →ISSN