esser

See also: Esser, ésser, èsser, and èssér

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [əˈsɛ]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [əˈsə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [eˈseɾ]
• Rhymes: (Central) -ɛ, (Balearic) -ə, (Valencia) -eɾ
• Hyphenation: es‧ser

Verb

esser (first-person singular present esso, first-person singular preterite essí, past participle essut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/

1. (regional) alternative form of ésser

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esser (second conjugation)

infinitive			esser
gerund			essent
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		essut		essuda
		plural		essuts		essudes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	esso	esses	ess	essem	esseu	essen
	imperfect	essia	essies	essia	essíem	essíeu	essien
	future	esseré	esseràs	esserà	esserem	essereu	esseran
	preterite	essí	esseres	essé	essérem	esséreu	esseren
	conditional	esseria	esseries	esseria	esseríem	esseríeu	esserien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	essi	essis	essi	essem	esseu	essin
	imperfect	essés	essessis	essés	esséssim	esséssiu	essessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	ess	essi	essem	esseu	essin
	negative (no)	—	no essis	no essi	no essem	no esseu	no essin

Interlingua

Etymology

From Latin sum (French être, Italian essere, Portuguese ser, and Spanish ser).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /esˈser/
• Rhymes: -er
• Hyphenation: es‧ser

Verb

esser

1. to be
   • 2012, Panorama in Interlingua, September-October, p. 24:

     Le anno passate 46 milliones statouniteses esseva povre.

     Last year 46 million U.S. Americans were poor.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esser

infinitive		esser
participle		present	perfect
		essente	essite
active		simple	perfect
	present	esse, es	ha essite
	past	esseva, era	habeva essite
	future	essera, sera	habera essite
	conditional	esserea, serea	haberea essite
	imperative	esse, sia	—

• This conjugation also has present plural son, which normally does not exists in other verbs. First-person singular so and first-person plural somos also exists but rarely used.

Noun

esser (plural esseres)

1. being

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.ser/
• Rhymes: -ɛsser
• Hyphenation: ès‧ser

Verb

esser (apocopated)

1. apocopic form of essere

Anagrams

• Serse, resse

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈeːs.sɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛs.ser]
• Hyphenation: ēs‧ser

Verb

ēsser

1. first-person singular imperfect passive subjunctive of edō

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

esser n

1. (non-standard since 1984) indefinite plural of ess

Old French

Verb

esser

1. (Anglo-Norman) alternative form of eiser

References

“eiser”, in Anglo-Norman Dictionary, Aberystwyth University, 2022–2026

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin sum.

Verb

esser

1. to be
   • La Nobla Leyçon, line 352

     Que crestian devon esser

     That we must be Christian

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esser

infinitive			esser
present participle			essen
past participle			estat
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el/ela	nos	vos	il/elas
	present	soi	est	es	em esmes	etz es	son sunt
	imperfect	era	eras	era	eram	eratz	eran eron
	future	serai	seras	sera	serem	seretz	seran
	preterite	fui	fust	fon	fom	fotz	foron
	first conditional	seria	serias	seria	seriam	seriatz	serian
	second conditional	fora	foras	fora	foram	foratz	foran
subjunctive		ieu	tu	el/ela	nos	vos	il/elas
	present	sia	sias	sia	siam	siatz	sian sion
	past	fos	fosses	fos	fossem	fossetz	fosson
imperative		—	tu	—	nos	vos	—
		—	sia	—	siam	siatz	—

Descendants

• Occitan: èsser

Romansh

Alternative forms

• easser (Sutsilvan)

Etymology

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

Verb

esser

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) to be

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esser (Sursilvan)

infinitive			esser
gerund			essend
past participle			stau
	singular			plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
present	sun	eis	ei	essan	essas	ein
imperfect	erel, fuvel	eras, fuvas	era, fuva	eran, fuvan	eras, fuvas	eran, fuvan
future	vegnel a esser	vegns a esser	vegn a esser	vegnin a esser	vegnis a esser	vegnan a esser
conditional	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
direct present	fuss	fusses	fuss	fussen	fusses	fussen
indirect present	fussi	fussies	fussi	fussien	fussies	fussien
direct future	vegness a esser	vegnesses a esser	vegness a esser	vegnessen a esser	vegnesses a esser	vegnessen a esser
indirect future	vegnessi a esser	vegnessies a esser	vegnessi a esser	vegnessien a esser	vegnessies a esser	vegnessien a esser
subjunctive	che jeu	che ti	ch'el/ch'ella	che nus	che vus	ch'els/ch'ellas
present	seigi	seigies	seigi	seigien	seigies	seigien
past	eri, fuvi	eries, fuvies	eri, fuvi	erien, fuvien	eries, fuvies	erien, fuvien
future	vegni a esser	vegnies a esser	vegni a esser	vegnîen a esser	vegnîes a esser	vegnien a esser
imperative	—	ti	—	—	vus	—
		seigies			seigies

    Conjugation of esser (Grischun)

infinitive			esser
gerund			essend, siond
past participle			stà
	singular			plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
present	sun	es	è	essan	essas	èn
imperfect	era	eras	era	eran	eras	eran
future	vegnel a esser	vegns a esser	vegn a esser	vegnin a esser	vegnis a esser	vegnan a esser
conditional	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
present	fiss	fisses	fiss	fissen	fisses	fissen
future	vegness a esser	vegnesses a esser	vegness a esser	vegnessen a esser	vegnesses a esser	vegnessen a esser
subjunctive	che jeu	che ti	ch'el/ch'ella	che nus	che vus	ch'els/ch'ellas
present	saja	sajas	saja	sajan	sajas	sajan
future	vegni a esser	vegnies a esser	vegni a esser	vegnîen a esser	vegnîes a esser	vegnien a esser
imperative	—	ti	—	—	vus	—
		sajas			sajas