cur

See also: cúr, cûr, and čur

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Chhulung with r as a placeholder.

Symbol

cur

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Chhulung.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Chhulung terms

English

Etymology

From Middle English curre (“watchdog, small hunting dog, mongrel, mutt”), perhaps of Middle Low German or North Germanic origin. Compare Middle Dutch corre (“domestic dog, yard dog, watch-dog”), dialectal Dutch korre (“dog, yard dog”), dialectal Swedish kurre (“a dog”). Compare also Old Norse kurra (“to growl; grumble”), Middle Low German kurren, korren (“to growl”). Compare also Middle Dutch querie (“female dog, bitch”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA^(key): /kɜː/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /kɝ/
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /kʌr/
• (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /køː/
• (Liverpool, fair–fur merger) IPA^(key): /keː/
• (Humberside, Teesside, fair–fur merger) IPA^(key): /kɛː/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)
• Homophones: Kerr (fern–fir–fur merger), care (fair–fur merger)

Noun

cur (plural curs)

1. (dated or humorous) A contemptible or inferior dog.
   • c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.:

     A fals double tunge is more fiers and fell
     Then Cerberus the cur couching in the kenel of hel;
     Wherof hereafter, I thinke for to write,
     Of fals double tunges in the diſpite.

   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

     you have many enemies, that know not why they are so, but, like to village-curs, bark when their fellows do.

   • 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Æsop, &c.] Fab[le] LXXVI. A Dog in a Manger.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 75:

     A Churliſh Envious Curr vvas gotten into a Manger, and there lay Growling and Snarling to keep the Horſes from their Provender. The Dog Eat None himſelf, and yet rather Ventur'd the Starving his Own Carcaſe then he would ſuffer any thing elfe to be the Better for't.

   • 1897, Joseph Conrad, “II”, in An Outpost of Progress:

     He threw the soapsuds skilfully over a wretched little yellow cur he had, then turning his face to the agent's house, he shouted from the distance, "All the men gone last night!"

   • 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 25”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

     "You have no more spirit than a mongrel cur. You lie down on the ground and ask people to trample on you."

2. (dated or humorous) A detestable person.
   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     This butcher's cur is venom-mouth'd, and I have not the power to muzzle him.

   • 1900, Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim, page vi. 54:

     "Who 's a cur - now - hey?"

   • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 201:

     Clayton interrupted him. “Stop!” he cried. “Stop! What manner of cur are you that you traduce the character of a good woman whom we believe dead! God!”

3. (archaic, dialect) A sheepdog or watchdog.
   • 1710, Ambrose Phillips, Pastorals, The Fourth Pastoral , line 119:

     Then send our Curs to gather up the Sheep

   • 1884, Robert Holland, A Glossary of Words used in the County of Chester, page 90:

     "He's a good sharp cur," or "a good cur," is said of any dog that barks at strangers and guards his master's property.

Derived terms

• curdog
• curlike
• currish
• curship

Translations

contemptible dog

• Bulgarian: пес (bg) m (pes), помияр (bg) m (pomijar)
• Danish: køter (da) c
• Dutch: mormel (nl) n
• Esperanto: hundaĉo (eo)
• Finnish: rakki (fi), piski (fi)
• French: clébard (fr) m, corniaud (fr) m, roquet (fr) m, clebs (fr) m
• Galician: tus m, tisco m, cuzo (gl) m, quisquelo m
• German: Köter (de) m
• Greek: κοπρίτης (el) m (koprítis)
• Hungarian: korcs kutya sg
• Irish: amhsán m, amhsóg f
• Macedonian: ла́нгач m (lángač)
• Norwegian: kjøter (no) m
• Polish: kundel (pl) m
• Portuguese: vira-lata (pt) m, rafeiro (pt)
• Romanian: javră (ro) f, potaie (ro) f
• Russian: дворняга (ru) (dvornjaga), ша́вка (ru) (šávka)
• Spanish: chucho (es) m, quiltro (es) (Chile)
• Swedish: byracka (sv) c
• Yiddish: כּלבֿ m (keylev)

detestable person

• Danish: sjover c
• Dutch: hondsvot (nl) m
• Finnish: lurjus (fi)
• French: chien (fr) m, roquet (fr) m
• German: Köter (de) m
• Greek: κοπρίτης (el) m (koprítis)
• Irish: suarachán m, maistín m, draoidín m
• Latin: scelestus (la) m
• Macedonian: ла́нгач m (lángač)
• Middle English: dogge
• Russian: ша́вка (ru) (šávka)
• Yiddish: כּלבֿ m (keylev)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ^{(please verify)} ке̑р m, ^{(please verify)} псе̏то n, ^{(please verify)} џу̀кела f

  Latin: ^{(please verify)} kȇr (sh) m, ^{(please verify)} psȅto (sh) n, ^{(please verify)} džùkela (sh) f

See also

• bitsa, bitser, bitzer
• mongrel
• mutt

Anagrams

• CRU, Cru, RUC, cru, ruc

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡suɾ/

Noun

cur

1. alternative form of curr (“clipped;pricked”)

Aromanian

Etymology 1

From Latin culus. Compare Romanian cur.

Alternative forms

• curu

Noun

cur

1. (vulgar, slang, referring to the anus) ass

Etymology 2

From Latin currō. Compare Romanian cure, cur (modern curge, curg).

Alternative forms

• curu

Verb

cur

1. to run
2. to flow

Derived terms

• curari / curare

Etymology 3

From Latin cūrō. Compare archaic/regional Romanian cura, cur.

Alternative forms

• curu

Verb

cur (participle curatã)

1. to clean

Related terms

• curari / curare
• curat

Dalmatian

Etymology 1

From Latin cārus.

Alternative forms

• cuor, kuor

Adjective

cur m (feminine cuora)

1. dear, beloved

Etymology 2

From Vulgar Latin *corem m, from Latin cor n.

Noun

cur

1. heart

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian чур (čur).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃur/, [ˈt͡ʃur]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃur/, [ˈt͡ʃur]
• Rhymes: -ur
• Hyphenation: cur

Interjection

cur

1. bags! dibs!

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 603

Irish

Alternative forms

• cuir

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɞɾˠ/ ~ /koɾˠ/ ~ /kuɾˠ/

Noun

cur m (genitive singular as substantive cuir, genitive as verbal noun curtha)

1. verbal noun of cuir
2. planting, tillage
3. burial

Declension

Substantive

Declension of cur (first declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative cur vocative a chuir genitive cuir dative cur forms with the definite article singular nominative an cur genitive an chuir dative leis an gcur don chur

Verbal noun

Declension of cur (third declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative cur vocative a chur genitive curtha dative cur forms with the definite article singular nominative an cur genitive an churtha dative leis an gcur don chur

Mutation

Mutated forms of cur

radical	lenition	eclipsis
cur	chur	gcur

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “cur”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 297; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “cur”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “cur”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “cur”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Latin

Alternative forms

• qūr, quūr, quōr (old form)
• quur, cor (rare)

Etymology

From Old Latin quūr, quōr, from Proto-Italic *kʷōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷór (“where”) (with pre-resonant and monosyllabic lengthening), from *kʷos (“interrogative determiner”) +‎ *-r (“adverbial suffix”). For other Indo-European cognates, compare:

• Sanskrit कर्हि (kárhi, “when”), Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”) < *kʷór
• Old English hwǣr (“where”), Old High German hwār (“where”) < *kʷēr
• Albanian kur (“when”), Lithuanian kur̃ (“where, whither”), Armenian ուր (ur, “where”) < *kúr
• Norwegian Nynorsk kvar (“where”), Norwegian Nynorsk kor (“where”), Norwegian Bokmål hvor (“where”) < Old Norse hvar < Proto-Germanic *hwar < Proto-Indo-European *kʷór, from *kʷos (“which”)

See also quirquir (“wherever(?)”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkuːr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkur]

Adverb

cūr (not comparable)

1. why, for what reason, wherefore, to what purpose, from what motive

   Cur humi iaces?

   Why are you lying on the ground?

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 11.424:

     Cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus?

     Why before the trumpet [of war], fear seizes your limbs?

Derived terms

• cūr nōn

Related terms

• nam
• quia

References

• “cur”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "cur", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “cur”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • how came it that...: quid causae fuit cur...?
    
• “cūr” on page 519/1-2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

Laz

Numeral

cur

1. Latin spelling of ჯურ (cur)

Manx

Etymology

A highly suppletive verb with forms derived from two already suppletive verbs.

• The imperative and verbal noun forms are from Old Irish cuirid, from older cor, the verbal noun of fo·ceird. The verbal noun is etymologically unrelated to fo·ceird itself however, only arising in its paradigm due to suppletion.
• All other forms of the verb are from Old Irish do·beir, itself also a suppletive verb. See also Scottish Gaelic thoir and Irish tabhair.

Verb

cur (past independent hug, future independent ver, verbal noun cur, coyrt, past participle currit, imperative cur)

1. put

   Cur y muc shen magh hoshiaght. ― Put that pig out first.

2. give

Conjugation

Conjugation of cur

		first		analytical
		singular	plural
future	independent	verym	vermayd	ver
	dependent	derym	dermayd	der
	relative	ver
conditional	independent	verrin	verragh
	dependent	derrin	derragh
past		(independent) hug (dependant) dug
verbal noun		cur, coyrt
past participle		currit

Derived terms

• cur ayns kishtey (“box, crate”, verb)

Mutation

Mutation of cur

radical	lenition	eclipsis
cur	chur	gur

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cuirid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin culus.

Noun

cur

1. (slang) asshole (anus)

Middle English

Noun

cur

1. alternative form of curre

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish caur, from Proto-Celtic *karuts.

Noun

cur m (genitive curad, nominative plural curaid)

1. hero, warrior
   • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 15:

     Fo chích curad
     crechtaig, cathbuadaig, at comsa mac Findchoeme frim. […] Magen curad,
     cride n-ega, eithre n-ela,
     eirr trén tressa, trethan ágach,
     cain tarb tnúthach.

     Under the breast of the hero
     covered in wounds, victorious in battle, you are the son of Findchoem who is equal to me. […] Dwelling of a hero,
     heart of ice, plumage of a swan
     strong chariot-hero of battle, warlike sea,
     beautiful fierce bull.

Derived terms

• curadmír (“warrior’s portion”)

Descendants

• Irish: curadh

Mutation

Mutation of cur

radical	lenition	nasalization
cur	chur	cur pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cur”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Polish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Masovia):
  • (Podlachia) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡sur]

Noun

cur m animal

1. (Podlachia) synonym of złe (“evil, devil, evil spirit”)

   Niech cię cur weźmie. ― May an evil spirit take you.

Further reading

• Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “cur”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 189

Romagnol

Noun

cur f pl

1. plural of cùra

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kur/

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin culus. Compare Italian culo, French cul.

Noun

cur n (plural cururi)

1. (slang, vulgar, referring to the anus) asshole

   Synonyms: anus, dos, fund, popou, șezut

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	cur	curul		cururi	cururile
genitive-dative	cur	curului		cururi	cururilor
vocative	curule			cururilor

Derived terms

• băga un deget în cur
• cădea în cur
• căuta și în cur
• cur obraznic
• curist
• da cu curul
• da din cur
• fără cur în pantaloni
• fi cu curul în sus
• fi cu morcovul în cur
• gura bate curul
• mă doare în cur
• mânca de sub cur
• mânca în cur
• merge ca un cur
• mișca curul
• mușca de cur
• pune curul la bătaie
• pupa în cur
• rupe curul
• sări de cur în sus
• sta cu capul băgat în cur
• sta cu mâna în cur
• sta în cur
• sta pe cur
• strânge din cur
• te scula cu curul în sus
• trage pe cur
• veni cu mâna în cur

Usage examples for derived terms

Când a auzit vestea, a căzut în cur de uimire.

When he heard the news, he fell flat on his ass in awe.

Toată ziua stă pe cur și nu face nimic util.

He sits on his ass all day and does nothing useful.

M-am pus în cur pe bancă și am admirat priveliștea.

I plopped my ass down on the bench and admired the scenery.

Dacă te mănâncă în cur, o să ai probleme.

If you're too reckless, you're gonna have problems.

Îi place să dea din cur la petreceri, ca să atragă atenția.

She likes twerking at parties, to attract attention.

A dat cu curul, dar acum zice că a fost dragoste.

She fucked him, but now she says it was love.

Sincer, mă doare în cur de ce zic alții.

Honestly, I couldn’t give two shits what others say.

Când vine vorba de muncă, mereu se trage pe cur.

When it's about work, he always weasels out of it.

Când a văzut nota mică, a sărit de cur în sus.

He lost his shit when he saw the low grade.

Nu mai pupa în cur șeful, că nu te ajută cu nimic.

Quit kissing the boss’s ass — it’s not gonna help at all.

Îl mușcă de cur pe la spate, mereu îl bârfește.

He’s always shit-talking him, so to speak.

În loc să ajuți, stai cu mâna în cur ca un prost.

Instead of helping, you’re doing jack shit like an idiot.

Ai venit cu mâna în cur la întâlnire? Fără flori, fără nimic?

You showed up empty-handed to the date? Without flowers, without anything?

Și-a băgat un deget în cur și a complicat totul.

He shoved a finger up his ass and complicated everything.

Stă cu capul băgat în cur și nu vede nimic din jur.

He’s sitting with his head so far up his ass and doesn't notice any of his surroundings.

A strâns din cur de frică atunci când a auzit sirenele.

He butt clenched in fear when he heard the sirens.

E atât de zgârcit că mănâncă de sub cur.

He’s so stingy, he’d steal from himself just to save a dime.

După ceartă, era cu curul în sus și n-a mai zis nimic.

After the argument, he was so pissed he just shut up and sulked.

Te-ai sculat cu curul în sus azi — ai luat-o razna cu toți.

You definitely woke up on the wrong side of the bed today — picking fights with everyone.

După cum se comportă, parcă are un morcov în cur.

With how he's acting, it’s like he’s got a stick up his ass.

Dacă mai comentezi, îți rup curul, ai înțeles?

If you keep bitching, I'll tear you a new asshole, got it?

Tipul e fără cur în pantaloni, nu are curaj să spună ce gândește.

That guy's got no balls — he can’t even speak his mind.

Mișcă-ți curul odată, că întârziem!

Move your ass already — we’re gonna be late!

Am căutat și în cur după telefon, dar tot nu l-am găsit.

I've even searched up my ass for the phone, but still didn't find it.

Dacă îți pasă așa mult, pune-ți curul la bătaie!

If you care that much, put your ass on the line!

Mereu merge ca un cur, parcă are bețe în pantaloni.

He always walks like a complete idiot — stiff as a board.

Gura bate curul — mai bine tăcea.

His big mouth gets him in trouble — talks himself into a mess.

Uită-te la fata aia — are un cur obraznic și știe.

Check out that girl — she’s got a naughty ass and she knows it.

Etymology 2

Verb

cur

1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of cura (to clean)

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

cur m (genitive singular cuir, no plural)

1. verbal noun of cuir
2. placing, setting, sending, sowing
3. laying, pouring
4. falling of snow, raining
5. throwing

Derived terms

• ath-chur (“transplant”)
• eadar-chur (“interjection, interruption”)

Mutation

Mutation of cur

radical	lenition
cur	chur

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911), “cur”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh kur, from Proto-Brythonic *kʉr, from Latin cūra.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /kɨ̞r/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /kɪr/
• Rhymes: -ɨ̞r

Noun

cur m or f (plural curiau or curau)

1. pain, ache

   Synonyms: poen, dolur, gloes

2. pang
3. anguish, anxiety

   Synonym: blinder

Derived terms

• cur pen (“headache”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of cur

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cur	gur	nghur	chur

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “cur”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies