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celer

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Celer and céler

Czech

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celer

Etymology

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    Borrowed from German Sellerie. First attested in the 18th century.[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    celer m inan

    1. celery

    Declension

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    Declension of celer (hard masculine inanimate)
    singular plural
    nominative celer celery
    genitive celeru celerů
    dative celeru celerům
    accusative celer celery
    vocative celere celery
    locative celeru celerech
    instrumental celerem celery

    References

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    1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015), “celer”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 111

    Further reading

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    French

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Old French, from Latin cēlāre (“hide, conceal”).

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    celer

    1. (transitive, literary) to conceal, hide
      Synonym: cacher
      • 1640, Pierre Corneille, Horace, act I, scene I:
        Elle vous aime assez pour ne vous rien celer
        She likes you enough that she will conceal nothing from you

    Conjugation

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    This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il cèle and the third-person singular future indicative il cèlera.

    Conjugation of celer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
    infinitive simple celer
    compound avoir + past participle
    present participle or gerund1 simple celant
    /sə.lɑ̃/
    compound ayant + past participle
    past participle celé
    /sə.le/
    singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present cèle
    /sɛl/     		cèles
    /sɛl/     		cèle
    /sɛl/     		celons
    /sə.lɔ̃/     		celez
    /sə.le/     		cèlent
    /sɛl/
    imperfect celais
    /sə.lɛ/     		celais
    /sə.lɛ/     		celait
    /sə.lɛ/     		celions
    /sə.ljɔ̃/     		celiez
    /sə.lje/     		celaient
    /sə.lɛ/
    past historic2 celai
    /sə.le/     		celas
    /sə.la/     		cela
    /sə.la/     		celâmes
    /sə.lam/     		celâtes
    /sə.lat/     		celèrent
    /sə.lɛʁ/
    future cèlerai
    /sɛl.ʁe/     		cèleras
    /sɛl.ʁa/     		cèlera
    /sɛl.ʁa/     		cèlerons
    /sɛl.ʁɔ̃/     		cèlerez
    /sɛl.ʁe/     		cèleront
    /sɛl.ʁɔ̃/
    conditional cèlerais
    /sɛl.ʁɛ/     		cèlerais
    /sɛl.ʁɛ/     		cèlerait
    /sɛl.ʁɛ/     		cèlerions
    /sɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /se.lə.ʁjɔ̃/     		cèleriez
    /sɛ.lə.ʁje/ or /se.lə.ʁje/     		cèleraient
    /sɛl.ʁɛ/
    (compound
    tenses)         		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
    past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
    future perfect future of avoir + past participle
    conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
    subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present cèle
    /sɛl/     		cèles
    /sɛl/     		cèle
    /sɛl/     		celions
    /sə.ljɔ̃/     		celiez
    /sə.lje/     		cèlent
    /sɛl/
    imperfect2 celasse
    /sə.las/     		celasses
    /sə.las/     		celât
    /sə.la/     		celassions
    /sə.la.sjɔ̃/     		celassiez
    /sə.la.sje/     		celassent
    /sə.las/
    (compound
    tenses)         		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    imperative – tu – nous vous –
    simple — cèle
    /sɛl/     		— celons
    /sə.lɔ̃/     		celez
    /sə.le/     		—
    compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
    1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
    2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
    past historic → present perfect
    past anterior → pluperfect
    imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
    pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

    (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

    Further reading

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    Latin

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    Etymology

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      From Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”).[1] Probably cognate with Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō), Ancient Greek κέλης (kélēs).

      Pronunciation

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      Adjective

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      celer (feminine celeris, neuter celere, comparative celerior, superlative celerrimus, adverb celeriter); third-declension three-termination adjective

      1. fast, swift, quick, speedy, fleet
        Synonyms: rapidus, vēlōx, levis, properus, prōmptus, facilis
        Antonyms: lentus, tardus, sērus

      Usage notes

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      According to Döderlein, celer and citus mean "swift, fast, quick" in terms of quick motion (in general) with tardus as their antonym. More specifically, citus refers to a lively motion, whereas celer refers to an eager or impetuous motion.

      On the other hand, vēlōx and pernīx as "quick" denote a level of athletic nimbleness in terms of bodily activity, with lentus as their antonym. More specifically, pernīx involves a level of dexterity and quickness in an eclectic range of actions (such as climbing, hurdling, jumping, vaulting, etc.); whereas vēlōx is especially used for running, swimming and flying (moving in a direction)

      Thirdly, properus and festīnus as "quick" refer specifically to one's speed in terms of the shortest time to reach a destination, with sēgnis as their antonym. More specifically, festīnus intimates a certain level of impatience, whereas properus simply indicates a haste from energy simply.

      Declension

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      Third-declension three-termination adjective.

      singular plural
      masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
      nominative celer celeris celere celerēs celeria
      genitive celeris celerium
      dative celerī celeribus
      accusative celerem celere celerēs
      celerīs       		celeria
      ablative celerī celeribus
      vocative celer celeris celere celerēs celeria

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      • → Italian: celere
      • → Portuguese: célere
      • → Spanish: célere

      References

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      1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “celer, -is, -e”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104

      Further reading

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      • “celer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
      • “celer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • “celer”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
      • “celer”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • “celer”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

      Middle French

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      Verb

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      celer

      1. to hide

      Conjugation

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      • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
      Conjugation of celer
      infinitive simple celer
      compound avoir + past participle
      present participle1 or gerund2 simple celant
      compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
      past participle celé
      singular plural
      first second third first second third
      indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
      (simple
      tenses)             		present cele celes cele celons celez celent
      imperfect celois, celoys celois, celoys celoit, celoyt celions, celyons celiez, celyez celoient, celoyent
      past historic cela celas cela celasmes celastes celerent
      future celerai, celeray celeras celera celerons celerez celeront
      conditional celerois, celeroys celerois, celeroys celeroit, celeroyt celerions, celeryons celeriez, celeryez celeroient, celeroyent
      (compound
      tenses)             		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
      pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
      past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
      future perfect future of avoir + past participle
      conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
      subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
      (simple
      tenses)             		present cele celes cele celons celez celent
      imperfect celasse celasses celast celassions celassiez celassent
      (compound
      tenses)             		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
      pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
      imperative – tu – nous vous –
      simple — cele — celons celez —
      compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
      1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
      2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

      Descendants

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      Old French

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      Etymology

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      From Latin cēlāre (“hide, conceal”).

      Verb

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      celer

      1. to conceal

      Conjugation

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      This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-oils, *-oilt are modified to ouz, out. This verb has a stressed present stem çoil distinct from the unstressed stem cel. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

          Conjugation of celer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
      simple compound
      infinitive celer avoir celé
      gerund en celant gerund of avoir + past participle
      present participle celant
      past participle celé
      person singular plural
      first second third first second third
      indicative jo tu il nos vos il
      simple
      tenses       		present çoil çoiles çoile celons celez çoilent
      imperfect celoie, celeie, celoe, celeve celoies, celeies, celoes, celeves celoit, celeit, celot, celeve celiiens, celiens celiiez, celiez celoient, celeient, celoent, celevent
      preterite celai celas cela celames celastes celerent
      future celerai celeras celera celerons celeroiz, celereiz, celerez celeront
      conditional celeroie, celereie celeroies, celereies celeroit, celereit celeriiens, celeriens celeriiez, celeriez celeroient, celereient
      compound
      tenses       		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
      pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
      past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
      future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
      conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
      subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
      simple
      tenses       		present çoil çouz çout celons celez çoilent
      imperfect celasse celasses celast celissons, celissiens celissoiz, celissez, celissiez celassent
      compound
      tenses       		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
      pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
      imperative – tu – nos vos –
      — çoile — celons celez —

      Serbo-Croatian

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      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /t͡sêler/
      • Hyphenation: ce‧ler

      Noun

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      cȅler m inan (Cyrillic spelling це̏лер)

      1. celery

      Declension

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      Declension of celer
      singular plural
      nominative celer celeri
      genitive celera celera
      dative celeru celerima
      accusative celer celere
      vocative celeru celeri
      locative celeru celerima
      instrumental celerom celerima
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