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calma

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Calma, calmá, calmà, čalma, and çalma

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, but this is uncertain.

Noun

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calma f (plural calmes)

  1. calm (lack of action)
  2. calm (lack of anxiety or stress)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Of pre-Roman origin.

Noun

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calma f (plural calmes)

  1. a high treeless plateau
Hypernyms
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Etymology 3

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Verb

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calma

  1. inflection of calmar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

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French

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Verb

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calma

  1. third-person singular past historic of calmer

Anagrams

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Galician

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Etymology

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From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkalma/ [ˈkɑl.mɐ]
  • Rhymes: -alma
  • Hyphenation: cal‧ma

Noun

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calma f (uncountable)

  1. calm (especially of the sea or sky)
  2. stillness
  3. peace, quietude
    Synonyms: paz, serenidade, tranquilidade
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Irish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkal̪ˠəmˠə/, /ˈkalˠəmˠə/[1]

Etymology 1

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From Middle Irish calma (“strong; brave, valiant”).[2]

Adjective

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calma

  1. stalwart; brave, strong
  2. fine, splendid
Declension
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Declension of calma
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative calma chalma calma;
chalma2
vocative chalma calma
genitive calma calma calma
dative calma;
chalma1 		chalma calma;
chalma2
Comparative níos calma
Superlative is calma

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Etymology 2

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From Middle English calme, from Middle French calme, from Old Italian calma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma). Compare French calme, English calm.

Adjective

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calma

  1. calm
Declension
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Declension of calma
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative calma chalma calma;
chalma2
vocative chalma calma
genitive calma calma calma
dative calma;
chalma1 		chalma calma;
chalma2
Comparative níos calma
Superlative is calma

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Noun

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calma m (genitive singular calma)

  1. alternative form of calm (“calm”)
Declension
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Declension of calma (fourth declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative calma
vocative a chalma
genitive calma
dative calma
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an calma
genitive an chalma
dative leis an gcalma
don chalma

Mutation

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Mutated forms of calma
radical lenition eclipsis
calma chalma gcalma

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 138, page 53
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkal.ma/
  • Rhymes: -alma
  • Hyphenation: càl‧ma

Etymology 1

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Origin uncertain. Possibly from Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, heat of the sun”). Compare Late Latin caumāre (“to rest during the heat (of the day), to siesta”), Sursilvan[1] Romansh cauma (“resting place for livestock, especially during the noon heat”). If the Italian (and Ibero-Romance) word calma originally referred to the heat of the sun, especially around noon (and later to quiet during this time of the day), it may have been influenced by words like Latin calor (“heat”) and cal(i)dus (“hot”), accounting for cal- instead of the expected cau-.

Compare also Proto-Germanic *kalmaz (“frozenness, cold”).

Noun

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calma f (plural calme)

  1. calm, stillness, peacefulness
  2. tranquility, peace and quiet
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

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calma f sg

  1. feminine singular of calmo

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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calma

  1. inflection of calmare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

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References

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  1. ^ Ricarda Liver (2002–2003), “Wortgeschichten und Wortgeschichte. Prolegomena zu einer historischen Beschreibung des bündnerromanischen Wortschatzes”, in Ladinia‎[1] (in German), volumes XXVI–XXCII, →ISSN, page 16

Middle Irish

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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calma

  1. strong
  2. brave, valiant

Inflection

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This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Irish: calma
  • Scottish Gaelic: calma

Noun

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calma f

  1. strength; bravery, deeds of valour

Inflection

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Synonyms

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Mutation

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Mutation of calma
radical lenition nasalization
calma chalma calma
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “to burn”). Possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, although the word was found in Ibero-Romance as early as in Italian.

Noun

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calma f (plural calmas)

  1. calm
  2. tranquility
  3. (obsolete, literature) heat produced by the sun

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

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calma

  1. feminine singular of calmo

Etymology 3

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Verb

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calma

  1. inflection of calmar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French calmer.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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a calma (third-person singular present calmează, past participle calmat) 1st conjugation

  1. to calm
  2. (reflexive) to calm oneself, calm down, settle down

Conjugation

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    conjugation of calma (first conjugation, -ez- infix)
infinitive a calma
gerund calmând
past participle calmat
number singular plural
person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
present calmez calmezi calmează calmăm calmați calmează
imperfect calmam calmai calma calmam calmați calmau
simple perfect calmai calmași calmă calmarăm calmarăți calmară
pluperfect calmasem calmaseși calmase calmaserăm calmaserăți calmaseră
subjunctive eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
present să calmez să calmezi să calmeze să calmăm să calmați să calmeze
imperative — tu — — voi —
affirmative calmează calmați
negative nu calma nu calmați

Synonyms

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Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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From Middle Irish calma (“strong; brave, valiant”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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calma

  1. brave, stout, daring, resolute, strong
  2. thickset, brawny, robust

References

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  • Edward Dwelly (1911), “calma”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Ultimately from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), through Late Latin cauma. Possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, although the word was found in Ibero-Romance as early as in Italian.

Noun

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calma f (plural calmas)

  1. calm, stillness, peacefulness
  2. tranquility, peace and quiet
    Synonym: tranquilidad
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

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calma

  1. feminine singular of calmo

Verb

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calma

  1. inflection of calmar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

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