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bona

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "bona"
Languages (36)
English
Asturian • Catalan • Esperanto • Fanagalo • Ido • Italian • Ladin • Lala (South Africa) • Latin • Lenje • Minangkabau • Neapolitan • Northern Ndebele • Northern Sotho • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nyole (Uganda) • Old English • Old High German • Old Irish • Old Occitan • Old Saxon • Oromo • Phuthi • Rwanda-Rundi • Serbo-Croatian • Sotho • Southern Ndebele • Spanish • Swazi • Swedish • Tooro • Tswana • Venetan • Xhosa • Zulu
Page categories

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Sabir bona (“good”), from Italian buono (“good”),[en 1] from Latin bonus (“good”), from Old Latin duenos (“good”), from Proto-Italic *dwenos (“good”). Doublet of bonus.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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bona (comparative more bona, superlative most bona)

  1. (Polari) Good.
    • 1966, Kenneth Horne, Bona Tattoos (Round the Horne), season 2, spoken by Julian and Sandy (Hugh Paddick and Kenneth Williams):
      SANDY: Oh, get him! The vanity of the man. Well, p'raps not Nelson then. How about reproductions of great masterpieces?
      JULIAN: A bona idea. Now, let me see...
    • 1997, James Gardiner, Who's a Pretty Boy Then?, page 137:
      Will you take a varder at the cartz on the feely-omi in the naf strides: the one with the bona blue ogles polarying the omi-palone with a vogue on and a cod sheitel.
    • 1997, Ian Lucas, “The Color of His Eyes: Polari and the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence”, in Anna Livia, Kira Hall, editors, Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality, page 90:
      Bona to vada you.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Adverb

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bona (comparative more bona, superlative most bona)

  1. (Polari) Well.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Baker, Paul (2004), Fantabulosa: A Dictionary of Polari and Gay Slang, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 71

Anagrams

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Asturian

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Adjective

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bona

  1. feminine singular of bonu

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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bona f

  1. feminine singular of bo

Esperanto

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Etymology

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Common Romance, ultimately from Latin bonus.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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bona (accusative singular bonan, plural bonaj, accusative plural bonajn)

  1. good
    Antonym: malbona
    • 1910, L. L. Zamenhof, Proverbaro Esperanta‎[1]:
      Mensoganto devas havi bonan memoron.
      A liar has to have a good memory.

Fanagalo

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Etymology

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From Zulu -bona, from Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

Verb

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bona

  1. to see

Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Esperanto bona, French bon, Italian buono, Spanish bueno, ultimately from Latin bonus.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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bona

  1. good
    Antonym: mala
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Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈbɔ.na/
  • Rhymes: -ɔna
  • Hyphenation: bò‧na

Noun

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bona f (plural bone)

  1. female equivalent of bono

Adjective

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bona f

  1. feminine singular of bono

Anagrams

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Ladin

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Adjective

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bona f

  1. feminine singular of bon

Lala (South Africa)

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

Verb

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-bóna

  1. to see

Latin

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

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bona

  1. inflection of bonus (“good”):
    1. nominative/vocative/ablative feminine singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Adjective

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bonā

  1. ablative feminine singular of bonus

Etymology 2

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Feminine of the noun bonus (“a good man”).

Noun

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bona f (genitive bonae); first declension

  1. A good or brave woman.
Declension
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First-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative bona bonae
genitive bonae bonārum
dative bonae bonīs
accusative bonam bonās
ablative bonā bonīs
vocative bona bonae

Etymology 3

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Inflection of the noun bonum.

Noun

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bona n

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of bonum (“a good thing”)

References

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  • “bona”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "bona", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • “bona”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to meet with good weather: tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci
    • (ambiguous) to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
    • (ambiguous) to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for: bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre
    • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
    • (ambiguous) to be gifted, talented (not praeditum esse by itself): bona indole (always in sing.) praeditum esse
    • (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    • (ambiguous) to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid
    • (ambiguous) natural advantages: naturae bona
    • (ambiguous) to recover one's reason, be reasonable again: ad bonam frugem se recipere
    • (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
    • (ambiguous) to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse
    • (ambiguous) to squander all one's property: lacerare bona sua (Verr. 3. 70. 164)
    • (ambiguous) to confiscate a person's property: bona alicuius publicare (B. G. 5. 54)
    • (ambiguous) to restore to a person his confiscated property: bona alicui restituere
    • (ambiguous) allow me to say: bona (cum) venia tua dixerim
  • “bona”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “bona”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Lenje

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-bóna (“to see”), potentially from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *bhón- (“to see”).

Verb

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-bona

  1. to see

References

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  • Bible Society of Zambia, Lenje Bible with Deutercanon, 2003 - Matalikilo 1:4, 1:10
  • Arthur Cornwallis Madan, M.A. (1908), Lenje Handbook: A Short Introduction to the Lenje Dialect Spoken in North-West Rhodesia‎[3], Oxford Clarendon Press, page 147

Minangkabau

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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bona

  1. (Payakumbuh) truth; right

Adverb

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bona

  1. (Payakumbuh) very:
    rumahnyo godang bona
    his house is very big

Neapolitan

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Adjective

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bona f sg

  1. feminine singular of buono

Northern Ndebele

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Nguni *boná.

Pronoun

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boná

  1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Nguni *boná.

Pronoun

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boná

  1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

Verb

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-bóna

  1. to see
Inflection
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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Northern Sotho

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

Verb

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bona

  1. to see

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Low German bonen.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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bona (present tense bonar, past tense bona, past participle bona, passive infinitive bonast, present participle bonande, imperative bona/bon)

  1. to wax or polish a floor
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bona n

  1. (dialectal) definite plural of bån

Etymology 3

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From Old Norse búnaðr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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bona m

  1. (dialectal) pronunciation spelling of bunad

References

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Anagrams

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Nyole (Uganda)

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

Verb

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-bona (infinitive ohubona)

  1. to see

Derived terms

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  • -bona birimerimbwe (“to see dimly or poorly”)
  • -bona ohwomu hida (“to scan (read from a computerised device)”)
  • -bonamo (“to see privately with an intention to pay a bribe”)
  • -bonana (“to see each other”)
  • -bonia (“to make visible, to look at someone in a loving way”)

References

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  • Diprose, Martin; Musimami, Sylvester N. M. (2012), Lunyole–English Dictionary‎[4], SIL International

Old English

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Noun

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bona m

  1. alternative form of bana

Old High German

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Etymology

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    From Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō, whence also Old Saxon bōna, Old English bēan, Old Norse baun.

    Noun

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    bōna f

    1. (botany) A bean

    Declension

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    Declension of bōna (ō-stem)
    case singular plural
    nominative bōna bōnā
    accusative bōna bōnā
    genitive bōna bōnōno
    dative bōnu bōnōm
    Declension of bōna (feminine n-stem)
    case singular plural
    nominative bōna bōnūn
    accusative bōnūn bōnūn
    genitive bōnūn bōnōno
    dative bōnūn bōnōm, bōnōn
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    Descendants

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    • Middle High German: bōne, pōn
      • Alemannic German: Bone
      • Central Franconian: Bunn
      • East Central German: Bunn
      • German: Bohne
      • Rhine Franconian: Bohn
        • Frankfurterisch: [b̥õːn]
        • Pennsylvania German: Bohn, Buhn

    References

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    Old Irish

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    bona

    1. genitive singular of bun

    Mutation

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    Mutation of bona
    radical lenition nasalization
    bona bona
    pronounced with /β-/    		 mbona

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Old Occitan

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    Adjective

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    bona f

    1. feminine singular of bon

    Old Saxon

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-West Germanic *baunu, see also Old English bēan, Old Frisian bāne, Old High German bōna, Old Norse baun.

    Noun

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    bōna f

    1. (botany) A bean

    Descendants

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    • Middle Low German: bône
      • German Low German: Bohn
        Plautdietsch: Boon

    Oromo

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    Noun

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    bona

    1. winter

    Phuthi

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronoun

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    boná

    1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronoun

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    boná

    1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.

    Etymology 3

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    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

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    -bóna

    1. to see
    Inflection
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    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Rwanda-Rundi

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

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    -bóna (infinitive kubóna, perfective -bônye)

    1. to see
    2. to find, get

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Interjection

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    bóna (Cyrillic spelling бо́на)

    1. (Bosnia, informal) a way of addressing a familiar female
      Alo, bona. Šta radiš? ― Hey. What are you doing?

    See also

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    References

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    • “bona”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

    Sotho

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    Etymology

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    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

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    bona

    1. to see

    Southern Ndebele

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

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    -bôna

    1. to see
    Inflection
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    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronoun

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    boná

    1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.

    Etymology 3

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    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronoun

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    boná

    1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.

    Spanish

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    Adjective

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    bona f

    1. feminine singular of bono

    Swazi

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    Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronoun

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    boná

    1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.

    Etymology 2

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    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronoun

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    boná

    1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.

    Etymology 3

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    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

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    -bóna

    1. to see
    Inflection
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    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    References

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    • Claudia W. Corum (1980), Siswati Special Skills Handbook‎[6], Peace Corps, page 54

    Swedish

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    Etymology 1

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    Noun

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    bona

    1. definite plural of bo

    Etymology 2

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    From Middle Low German bônen, from Old Saxon *bōnōn, from Proto-West Germanic *bōnōn. Cognate with Dutch boenen, German bohnern.

    Verb

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    bona (present bonar, preterite bonade, supine bonat, imperative bona)

    1. to wax or polish a floor
      en hvirflande vals på slottssalens bonade och försåtligt hala parkettgolf.
      a whirling walz on the waxed and treacherously slippery parquet floor of the castle hall
    2. (rare or archaic) to equip, to decorate, to dress, to wrap (see also ombona)
    Conjugation
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    Conjugation of bona (weak)
    active passive
    infinitive bona bonas
    supine bonat bonats
    imperative bona —
    imper. plural1 bonen —
    present past present past
    indicative bonar bonade bonas bonades
    ind. plural1 bona bonade bonas bonades
    subjunctive2 bone bonade bones bonades
    present participle bonande
    past participle bonad

    1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

    See also

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    References

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    Anagrams

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    Tooro

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    -bona (infinitive okubona) (transitive)

    1. (rare) to see, to look
      Synonym: -rora
    2. (often troubles or hardships) to experience something

    Usage notes

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    This verb supports at least two perfective stems: -boine and -baine; the former is more widely used.

    Conjugation

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    With -boine:

    Conjugation of -bona
    infinitives
    affirmative okubona
    negative okutabona
    imperatives
    affirmative bona
    negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
    tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
    present habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -bona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person mbona tubona
    second person obona mubona
    third person 1/2 abona babona
    3/4 gubona ebona
    5/6 libona gabona
    7/8 kibona bibona
    9/10 ebona zibona
    11/10 rubona
    12/14 kabona bubona
    13 — tubona
    14/6 bubona gabona
    15/6 kubona
    16 habona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -bona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person timbona titubona
    second person tobona timubona
    third person 1/2 tabona tibabona
    3/4 tigubona tebona
    5/6 tiribona tigabona
    7/8 tikibona tibibona
    9/10 tebona tizibona
    11/10 tirubona
    12/14 tikabona tibubona
    13 — titubona
    14/6 tibubona tigabona
    15/6 tikubona
    16 tihabona —
    		subject concord + -tabona
    present continuous affirmative
    ni- + subject concord + -bona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nimbona nitubona
    second person noobona nimubona
    third person 1/2 naabona nibabona
    3/4 nigubona neebona
    5/6 niribona nigabona
    7/8 nikibona nibibona
    9/10 neebona nizibona
    11/10 nirubona
    12/14 nikabona nibubona
    13 — nitubona
    14/6 nibubona nigabona
    15/6 nikubona
    16 nihabona —
    		subject concord + -rukubona
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -rukubona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tindukubona titurukubona
    second person torukubona timurukubona
    third person 1/2 tarukubona tibarukubona
    3/4 tigurukubona terukubona
    5/6 tirirukubona tigarukubona
    7/8 tikirukubona tibirukubona
    9/10 terukubona tizirukubona
    11/10 tirurukubona
    12/14 tikarukubona tiburukubona
    13 — titurukubona
    14/6 tiburukubona tigarukubona
    15/6 tikurukubona
    16 tiharukubona —
    		subject concord + -tarukubona
    present continuative affirmative
    ni- + subject concord + -kyabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ninkyabona nitukyabona
    second person nookyabona nimukyabona
    third person 1/2 naakyabona nibakyabona
    3/4 nigukyabona neekyabona
    5/6 nirikyabona nigakyabona
    7/8 nikikyabona nibikyabona
    9/10 neekyabona nizikyabona
    11/10 nirukyabona
    12/14 nikakyabona nibukyabona
    13 — nitukyabona
    14/6 nibukyabona nigakyabona
    15/6 nikukyabona
    16 nihakyabona —
    		subject concord + -rukukyabona
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kyabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkyabona titukyabona
    second person tokyabona timukyabona
    third person 1/2 takyabona tibakyabona
    3/4 tigukyabona tekyabona
    5/6 tirikyabona tigakyabona
    7/8 tikikyabona tibikyabona
    9/10 tekyabona tizikyabona
    11/10 tirukyabona
    12/14 tikakyabona tibukyabona
    13 — titukyabona
    14/6 tibukyabona tigakyabona
    15/6 tikukyabona
    16 tihakyabona —
    		subject concord + -takyabona
    virtual present affirmative
    subject concord + -abona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nabona twabona
    second person wabona mwabona
    third person 1/2 yabona baabona
    3/4 gwabona yabona
    5/6 lyabona gaabona
    7/8 kyabona byabona
    9/10 yabona zaabona
    11/10 rwabona
    12/14 kaabona bwabona
    13 — twabona
    14/6 bwabona gaabona
    15/6 kwabona
    16 haabona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + abona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinabona titwabona
    second person tiwabona timwabona
    third person 1/2 tiyabona tibaabona
    3/4 tigwabona tiyabona
    5/6 tiryabona tigaabona
    7/8 tikyabona tibyabona
    9/10 tiyabona tizaabona
    11/10 tirwabona
    12/14 tikaabona tibwabona
    13 — titwabona
    14/6 tibwabona tigaabona
    15/6 tikwabona
    16 tihaabona —
    		subject concord + -taabona
    present perfect affirmative
    subject concord + -boine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person mboine tuboine
    second person oboine muboine
    third person 1/2 aboine baboine
    3/4 guboine eboine
    5/6 liboine gaboine
    7/8 kiboine biboine
    9/10 eboine ziboine
    11/10 ruboine
    12/14 kaboine buboine
    13 — tuboine
    14/6 buboine gaboine
    15/6 kuboine
    16 haboine —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -boine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person timboine tituboine
    second person toboine timuboine
    third person 1/2 taboine tibaboine
    3/4 tiguboine teboine
    5/6 tiriboine tigaboine
    7/8 tikiboine tibiboine
    9/10 teboine tiziboine
    11/10 tiruboine
    12/14 tikaboine tibuboine
    13 — tituboine
    14/6 tibuboine tigaboine
    15/6 tikuboine
    16 tihaboine —
    		subject concord + -taboine
    near perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -akabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nakabona twakabona
    second person wakabona mwakabona
    third person 1/2 yakabona baakabona
    3/4 gwakabona yakabona
    5/6 lyakabona gaakabona
    7/8 kyakabona byakabona
    9/10 yakabona zaakabona
    11/10 rwakabona
    12/14 kaakabona bwakabona
    13 — twakabona
    14/6 bwakabona gaakabona
    15/6 kwakabona
    16 haakabona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kaboine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkaboine titukaboine
    second person tokaboine timukaboine
    third person 1/2 takaboine tibakaboine
    3/4 tigukaboine tekaboine
    5/6 tirikaboine tigakaboine
    7/8 tikikaboine tibikaboine
    9/10 tekaboine tizikaboine
    11/10 tirukaboine
    12/14 tikakaboine tibukaboine
    13 — titukaboine
    14/6 tibukaboine tigakaboine
    15/6 tikukaboine
    16 tihakaboine —
    		subject concord + -takaboine
    near past affirmative
    subject concord + -boinege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person mboinege tuboinege
    second person oboinege muboinege
    third person 1/2 aboinege baboinege
    3/4 guboinege eboinege
    5/6 liboinege gaboinege
    7/8 kiboinege biboinege
    9/10 eboinege ziboinege
    11/10 ruboinege
    12/14 kaboinege buboinege
    13 — tuboinege
    14/6 buboinege gaboinege
    15/6 kuboinege
    16 haboinege —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -boinege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person timboinege tituboinege
    second person toboinege timuboinege
    third person 1/2 taboinege tibaboinege
    3/4 tiguboinege teboinege
    5/6 tiriboinege tigaboinege
    7/8 tikiboinege tibiboinege
    9/10 teboinege tiziboinege
    11/10 tiruboinege
    12/14 tikaboinege tibuboinege
    13 — tituboinege
    14/6 tibuboinege tigaboinege
    15/6 tikuboinege
    16 tihaboinege —
    		subject concord + -taboinege
    remote past affirmative
    subject concord + -kabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nkabona tukabona
    second person okabona mukabona
    third person 1/2 akabona bakabona
    3/4 gukabona ekabona
    5/6 likabona gakabona
    7/8 kikabona bikabona
    9/10 ekabona zikabona
    11/10 rukabona
    12/14 kakabona bukabona
    13 — tukabona
    14/6 bukabona gakabona
    15/6 kukabona
    16 hakabona —
    		subject concord + -aboine
    negative
    subject concord + -tabone
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ntabone tutabone
    second person otabone mutabone
    third person 1/2 atabone batabone
    3/4 gutabone etabone
    5/6 litabone gatabone
    7/8 kitabone bitabone
    9/10 etabone ziitabone
    11/10 rutabone
    12/14 katabone butabone
    13 — tutabone
    14/6 butabone gatabone
    15/6 kutabone
    16 hatabone —
    		subject concord + -taraboine
    experiential perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -raboine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndaboine turaboine
    second person oraboine muraboine
    third person 1/2 araboine baraboine
    3/4 guraboine eraboine
    5/6 liraboine garaboine
    7/8 kiraboine biraboine
    9/10 eraboine ziraboine
    11/10 ruraboine
    12/14 karaboine buraboine
    13 — turaboine
    14/6 buraboine garaboine
    15/6 kuraboine
    16 haraboine —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kabonaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkabonaga titukabonaga
    second person tokabonaga timukabonaga
    third person 1/2 takabonaga tibakabonaga
    3/4 tigukabonaga tekabonaga
    5/6 tirikabonaga tigakabonaga
    7/8 tikikabonaga tibikabonaga
    9/10 tekabonaga tizikabonaga
    11/10 tirukabonaga
    12/14 tikakabonaga tibukabonaga
    13 — titukabonaga
    14/6 tibukabonaga tigakabonaga
    15/6 tikukabonaga
    16 tihakabonaga —
    		subject concord + -takabonaga
    cessative perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -aaboine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naaboine twaboine
    second person waaboine mwaboine
    third person 1/2 yaaboine baaboine
    3/4 gwaboine yaaboine
    5/6 lyaboine gaaboine
    7/8 kyaboine byaboine
    9/10 yaaboine zaaboine
    11/10 rwaboine
    12/14 kaaboine bwaboine
    13 — twaboine
    14/6 bwaboine gaaboine
    15/6 kwaboine
    16 haaboine —
    past habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -abonaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nabonaga twabonaga
    second person wabonaga mwabonaga
    third person 1/2 yabonaga baabonaga
    3/4 gwabonaga yabonaga
    5/6 lyabonaga gaabonaga
    7/8 kyabonaga byabonaga
    9/10 yabonaga zaabonaga
    11/10 rwabonaga
    12/14 kaabonaga bwabonaga
    13 — twabonaga
    14/6 bwabonaga gaabonaga
    15/6 kwabonaga
    16 haabonaga —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + abonaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinabonaga titwabonaga
    second person tiwabonaga timwabonaga
    third person 1/2 tiyabonaga tibaabonaga
    3/4 tigwabonaga tiyabonaga
    5/6 tiryabonaga tigaabonaga
    7/8 tikyabonaga tibyabonaga
    9/10 tiyabonaga tizaabonaga
    11/10 tirwabonaga
    12/14 tikaabonaga tibwabonaga
    13 — titwabonaga
    14/6 tibwabonaga tigaabonaga
    15/6 tikwabonaga
    16 tihaabonaga —
    		subject concord + -taabonaga
    near future affirmative
    subject concord + -raabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndaabona turaabona
    second person oraabona muraabona
    third person 1/2 araabona baraabona
    3/4 guraabona eraabona
    5/6 liraabona garaabona
    7/8 kiraabona biraabona
    9/10 eraabona ziraabona
    11/10 ruraabona
    12/14 karaabona buraabona
    13 — turaabona
    14/6 buraabona garaabona
    15/6 kuraabona
    16 haraabona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aabone
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaabone titwabone
    second person tiwaabone timwabone
    third person 1/2 tiyaabone tibaabone
    3/4 tigwabone tiyaabone
    5/6 tiryabone tigaabone
    7/8 tikyabone tibyabone
    9/10 tiyaabone tizaabone
    11/10 tirwabone
    12/14 tikaabone tibwabone
    13 — titwabone
    14/6 tibwabone tigaabone
    15/6 tikwabone
    16 tihaabone —
    		subject concord + -taabone
    remote future affirmative
    subject concord + -libona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndibona tulibona
    second person olibona mulibona
    third person 1/2 alibona balibona
    3/4 gulibona eribona
    5/6 liribona galibona
    7/8 kiribona biribona
    9/10 eribona ziribona
    11/10 rulibona
    12/14 kalibona bulibona
    13 — tulibona
    14/6 bulibona galibona
    15/6 kulibona
    16 halibona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -libona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tindibona titulibona
    second person tolibona timulibona
    third person 1/2 talibona tibalibona
    3/4 tigulibona teribona
    5/6 tiriribona tigalibona
    7/8 tikiribona tibiribona
    9/10 teribona tiziribona
    11/10 tirulibona
    12/14 tikalibona tibulibona
    13 — titulibona
    14/6 tibulibona tigalibona
    15/6 tikulibona
    16 tihalibona —
    		subject concord + -talibona
    future habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -raabonaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndaabonaga turaabonaga
    second person oraabonaga muraabonaga
    third person 1/2 araabonaga baraabonaga
    3/4 guraabonaga eraabonaga
    5/6 liraabonaga garaabonaga
    7/8 kiraabonaga biraabonaga
    9/10 eraabonaga ziraabonaga
    11/10 ruraabonaga
    12/14 karaabonaga buraabonaga
    13 — turaabonaga
    14/6 buraabonaga garaabonaga
    15/6 kuraabonaga
    16 haraabonaga —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aabonege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaabonege titwabonege
    second person tiwaabonege timwabonege
    third person 1/2 tiyaabonege tibaabonege
    3/4 tigwabonege tiyaabonege
    5/6 tiryabonege tigaabonege
    7/8 tikyabonege tibyabonege
    9/10 tiyaabonege tizaabonege
    11/10 tirwabonege
    12/14 tikaabonege tibwabonege
    13 — titwabonege
    14/6 tibwabonege tigaabonege
    15/6 tikwabonege
    16 tihaabonege —
    		subject concord + -taabonege
    subjunctive affirmative
    subject concord + bone
    person noun class singular plural
    first person mbone tubone
    second person obone mubone
    third person 1/2 abone babone
    3/4 gubone ebone
    5/6 libone gabone
    7/8 kibone bibone
    9/10 ebone zibone
    11/10 rubone
    12/14 kabone bubone
    13 — tubone
    14/6 bubone gabone
    15/6 kubone
    16 habone —
    negative
    subject concord + -tabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ntabona tutabona
    second person otabona mutabona
    third person 1/2 atabona batabona
    3/4 gutabona etabona
    5/6 litabona gatabona
    7/8 kitabona bitabona
    9/10 etabona zitabona
    11/10 rutabona
    12/14 katabona butabona
    13 — tutabona
    14/6 butabona gatabona
    15/6 kutabona
    16 hatabona —
    		—
    subjunctive habitual affirmative
    subject concord + bonege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person mbonege tubonege
    second person obonege mubonege
    third person 1/2 abonege babonege
    3/4 gubonege ebonege
    5/6 libonege gabonege
    7/8 kibonege bibonege
    9/10 ebonege zibonege
    11/10 rubonege
    12/14 kabonege bubonege
    13 — tubonege
    14/6 bubonege gabonege
    15/6 kubonege
    16 habonege —
    hypothetical affirmative
    subject concord + -aakubona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naakubona twakubona
    second person waakubona mwakubona
    third person 1/2 yaakubona baakubona
    3/4 gwakubona yaakubona
    5/6 lyakubona gaakubona
    7/8 kyakubona byakubona
    9/10 yaakubona zaakubona
    11/10 rwakubona
    12/14 kaakubona bwakubona
    13 — twakubona
    14/6 bwakubona gaakubona
    15/6 kwakubona
    16 haakubona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aakubona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaakubona titwakubona
    second person tiwaakubona timwakubona
    third person 1/2 tiyaakubona tibaakubona
    3/4 tigwakubona tiyaakubona
    5/6 tiryakubona tigaakubona
    7/8 tikyakubona tibyakubona
    9/10 tiyaakubona tizaakubona
    11/10 tirwakubona
    12/14 tikaakubona tibwakubona
    13 — titwakubona
    14/6 tibwakubona tigaakubona
    15/6 tikwakubona
    16 tihaakubona —
    		subject concord + -taakubona
    conditional affirmative
    subject concord + -aakuboine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naakuboine twakuboine
    second person waakuboine mwakuboine
    third person 1/2 yaakuboine baakuboine
    3/4 gwakuboine yaakuboine
    5/6 lyakuboine gaakuboine
    7/8 kyakuboine byakuboine
    9/10 yaakuboine zaakuboine
    11/10 rwakuboine
    12/14 kaakuboine bwakuboine
    13 — twakuboine
    14/6 bwakuboine gaakuboine
    15/6 kwakuboine
    16 haakuboine —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aakuboine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaakuboine titwakuboine
    second person tiwaakuboine timwakuboine
    third person 1/2 tiyaakuboine tibaakuboine
    3/4 tigwakuboine tiyaakuboine
    5/6 tiryakuboine tigaakuboine
    7/8 tikyakuboine tibyakuboine
    9/10 tiyaakuboine tizaakuboine
    11/10 tirwakuboine
    12/14 tikaakuboine tibwakuboine
    13 — titwakuboine
    14/6 tibwakuboine tigaakuboine
    15/6 tikwakuboine
    16 tihaakuboine —
    		subject concord + -taakuboine
    object concords
    person noun class singular plural
    first person -mbona -tubona
    second person -kubona -babona
    third person 1/2 -mubona
    3/4 -gubona -gibona
    5/6 -libona -gabona
    7/8 -kibona -bibona
    9/10 -gibona -zibona
    11/10 -rubona
    12/14 -kabona -bubona
    13 — -tubona
    14/6 -bubona -gabona
    15/6 -kubona
    16 -habona —

    1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

    With -baine:

    Conjugation of -bona
    infinitives
    affirmative okubona
    negative okutabona
    imperatives
    affirmative bona
    negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
    tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
    present habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -bona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person mbona tubona
    second person obona mubona
    third person 1/2 abona babona
    3/4 gubona ebona
    5/6 libona gabona
    7/8 kibona bibona
    9/10 ebona zibona
    11/10 rubona
    12/14 kabona bubona
    13 — tubona
    14/6 bubona gabona
    15/6 kubona
    16 habona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -bona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person timbona titubona
    second person tobona timubona
    third person 1/2 tabona tibabona
    3/4 tigubona tebona
    5/6 tiribona tigabona
    7/8 tikibona tibibona
    9/10 tebona tizibona
    11/10 tirubona
    12/14 tikabona tibubona
    13 — titubona
    14/6 tibubona tigabona
    15/6 tikubona
    16 tihabona —
    		subject concord + -tabona
    present continuous affirmative
    ni- + subject concord + -bona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nimbona nitubona
    second person noobona nimubona
    third person 1/2 naabona nibabona
    3/4 nigubona neebona
    5/6 niribona nigabona
    7/8 nikibona nibibona
    9/10 neebona nizibona
    11/10 nirubona
    12/14 nikabona nibubona
    13 — nitubona
    14/6 nibubona nigabona
    15/6 nikubona
    16 nihabona —
    		subject concord + -rukubona
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -rukubona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tindukubona titurukubona
    second person torukubona timurukubona
    third person 1/2 tarukubona tibarukubona
    3/4 tigurukubona terukubona
    5/6 tirirukubona tigarukubona
    7/8 tikirukubona tibirukubona
    9/10 terukubona tizirukubona
    11/10 tirurukubona
    12/14 tikarukubona tiburukubona
    13 — titurukubona
    14/6 tiburukubona tigarukubona
    15/6 tikurukubona
    16 tiharukubona —
    		subject concord + -tarukubona
    present continuative affirmative
    ni- + subject concord + -kyabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ninkyabona nitukyabona
    second person nookyabona nimukyabona
    third person 1/2 naakyabona nibakyabona
    3/4 nigukyabona neekyabona
    5/6 nirikyabona nigakyabona
    7/8 nikikyabona nibikyabona
    9/10 neekyabona nizikyabona
    11/10 nirukyabona
    12/14 nikakyabona nibukyabona
    13 — nitukyabona
    14/6 nibukyabona nigakyabona
    15/6 nikukyabona
    16 nihakyabona —
    		subject concord + -rukukyabona
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kyabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkyabona titukyabona
    second person tokyabona timukyabona
    third person 1/2 takyabona tibakyabona
    3/4 tigukyabona tekyabona
    5/6 tirikyabona tigakyabona
    7/8 tikikyabona tibikyabona
    9/10 tekyabona tizikyabona
    11/10 tirukyabona
    12/14 tikakyabona tibukyabona
    13 — titukyabona
    14/6 tibukyabona tigakyabona
    15/6 tikukyabona
    16 tihakyabona —
    		subject concord + -takyabona
    virtual present affirmative
    subject concord + -abona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nabona twabona
    second person wabona mwabona
    third person 1/2 yabona baabona
    3/4 gwabona yabona
    5/6 lyabona gaabona
    7/8 kyabona byabona
    9/10 yabona zaabona
    11/10 rwabona
    12/14 kaabona bwabona
    13 — twabona
    14/6 bwabona gaabona
    15/6 kwabona
    16 haabona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + abona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinabona titwabona
    second person tiwabona timwabona
    third person 1/2 tiyabona tibaabona
    3/4 tigwabona tiyabona
    5/6 tiryabona tigaabona
    7/8 tikyabona tibyabona
    9/10 tiyabona tizaabona
    11/10 tirwabona
    12/14 tikaabona tibwabona
    13 — titwabona
    14/6 tibwabona tigaabona
    15/6 tikwabona
    16 tihaabona —
    		subject concord + -taabona
    present perfect affirmative
    subject concord + -baine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person mbaine tubaine
    second person obaine mubaine
    third person 1/2 abaine babaine
    3/4 gubaine ebaine
    5/6 libaine gabaine
    7/8 kibaine bibaine
    9/10 ebaine zibaine
    11/10 rubaine
    12/14 kabaine bubaine
    13 — tubaine
    14/6 bubaine gabaine
    15/6 kubaine
    16 habaine —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -baine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person timbaine titubaine
    second person tobaine timubaine
    third person 1/2 tabaine tibabaine
    3/4 tigubaine tebaine
    5/6 tiribaine tigabaine
    7/8 tikibaine tibibaine
    9/10 tebaine tizibaine
    11/10 tirubaine
    12/14 tikabaine tibubaine
    13 — titubaine
    14/6 tibubaine tigabaine
    15/6 tikubaine
    16 tihabaine —
    		subject concord + -tabaine
    near perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -akabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nakabona twakabona
    second person wakabona mwakabona
    third person 1/2 yakabona baakabona
    3/4 gwakabona yakabona
    5/6 lyakabona gaakabona
    7/8 kyakabona byakabona
    9/10 yakabona zaakabona
    11/10 rwakabona
    12/14 kaakabona bwakabona
    13 — twakabona
    14/6 bwakabona gaakabona
    15/6 kwakabona
    16 haakabona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kabaine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkabaine titukabaine
    second person tokabaine timukabaine
    third person 1/2 takabaine tibakabaine
    3/4 tigukabaine tekabaine
    5/6 tirikabaine tigakabaine
    7/8 tikikabaine tibikabaine
    9/10 tekabaine tizikabaine
    11/10 tirukabaine
    12/14 tikakabaine tibukabaine
    13 — titukabaine
    14/6 tibukabaine tigakabaine
    15/6 tikukabaine
    16 tihakabaine —
    		subject concord + -takabaine
    near past affirmative
    subject concord + -bainege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person mbainege tubainege
    second person obainege mubainege
    third person 1/2 abainege babainege
    3/4 gubainege ebainege
    5/6 libainege gabainege
    7/8 kibainege bibainege
    9/10 ebainege zibainege
    11/10 rubainege
    12/14 kabainege bubainege
    13 — tubainege
    14/6 bubainege gabainege
    15/6 kubainege
    16 habainege —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -bainege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person timbainege titubainege
    second person tobainege timubainege
    third person 1/2 tabainege tibabainege
    3/4 tigubainege tebainege
    5/6 tiribainege tigabainege
    7/8 tikibainege tibibainege
    9/10 tebainege tizibainege
    11/10 tirubainege
    12/14 tikabainege tibubainege
    13 — titubainege
    14/6 tibubainege tigabainege
    15/6 tikubainege
    16 tihabainege —
    		subject concord + -tabainege
    remote past affirmative
    subject concord + -kabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nkabona tukabona
    second person okabona mukabona
    third person 1/2 akabona bakabona
    3/4 gukabona ekabona
    5/6 likabona gakabona
    7/8 kikabona bikabona
    9/10 ekabona zikabona
    11/10 rukabona
    12/14 kakabona bukabona
    13 — tukabona
    14/6 bukabona gakabona
    15/6 kukabona
    16 hakabona —
    		subject concord + -abaine
    negative
    subject concord + -tabone
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ntabone tutabone
    second person otabone mutabone
    third person 1/2 atabone batabone
    3/4 gutabone etabone
    5/6 litabone gatabone
    7/8 kitabone bitabone
    9/10 etabone ziitabone
    11/10 rutabone
    12/14 katabone butabone
    13 — tutabone
    14/6 butabone gatabone
    15/6 kutabone
    16 hatabone —
    		subject concord + -tarabaine
    experiential perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -rabaine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndabaine turabaine
    second person orabaine murabaine
    third person 1/2 arabaine barabaine
    3/4 gurabaine erabaine
    5/6 lirabaine garabaine
    7/8 kirabaine birabaine
    9/10 erabaine zirabaine
    11/10 rurabaine
    12/14 karabaine burabaine
    13 — turabaine
    14/6 burabaine garabaine
    15/6 kurabaine
    16 harabaine —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -kabonaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinkabonaga titukabonaga
    second person tokabonaga timukabonaga
    third person 1/2 takabonaga tibakabonaga
    3/4 tigukabonaga tekabonaga
    5/6 tirikabonaga tigakabonaga
    7/8 tikikabonaga tibikabonaga
    9/10 tekabonaga tizikabonaga
    11/10 tirukabonaga
    12/14 tikakabonaga tibukabonaga
    13 — titukabonaga
    14/6 tibukabonaga tigakabonaga
    15/6 tikukabonaga
    16 tihakabonaga —
    		subject concord + -takabonaga
    cessative perfective affirmative
    subject concord + -aabaine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naabaine twabaine
    second person waabaine mwabaine
    third person 1/2 yaabaine baabaine
    3/4 gwabaine yaabaine
    5/6 lyabaine gaabaine
    7/8 kyabaine byabaine
    9/10 yaabaine zaabaine
    11/10 rwabaine
    12/14 kaabaine bwabaine
    13 — twabaine
    14/6 bwabaine gaabaine
    15/6 kwabaine
    16 haabaine —
    past habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -abonaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person nabonaga twabonaga
    second person wabonaga mwabonaga
    third person 1/2 yabonaga baabonaga
    3/4 gwabonaga yabonaga
    5/6 lyabonaga gaabonaga
    7/8 kyabonaga byabonaga
    9/10 yabonaga zaabonaga
    11/10 rwabonaga
    12/14 kaabonaga bwabonaga
    13 — twabonaga
    14/6 bwabonaga gaabonaga
    15/6 kwabonaga
    16 haabonaga —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + abonaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinabonaga titwabonaga
    second person tiwabonaga timwabonaga
    third person 1/2 tiyabonaga tibaabonaga
    3/4 tigwabonaga tiyabonaga
    5/6 tiryabonaga tigaabonaga
    7/8 tikyabonaga tibyabonaga
    9/10 tiyabonaga tizaabonaga
    11/10 tirwabonaga
    12/14 tikaabonaga tibwabonaga
    13 — titwabonaga
    14/6 tibwabonaga tigaabonaga
    15/6 tikwabonaga
    16 tihaabonaga —
    		subject concord + -taabonaga
    near future affirmative
    subject concord + -raabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndaabona turaabona
    second person oraabona muraabona
    third person 1/2 araabona baraabona
    3/4 guraabona eraabona
    5/6 liraabona garaabona
    7/8 kiraabona biraabona
    9/10 eraabona ziraabona
    11/10 ruraabona
    12/14 karaabona buraabona
    13 — turaabona
    14/6 buraabona garaabona
    15/6 kuraabona
    16 haraabona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aabone
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaabone titwabone
    second person tiwaabone timwabone
    third person 1/2 tiyaabone tibaabone
    3/4 tigwabone tiyaabone
    5/6 tiryabone tigaabone
    7/8 tikyabone tibyabone
    9/10 tiyaabone tizaabone
    11/10 tirwabone
    12/14 tikaabone tibwabone
    13 — titwabone
    14/6 tibwabone tigaabone
    15/6 tikwabone
    16 tihaabone —
    		subject concord + -taabone
    remote future affirmative
    subject concord + -libona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndibona tulibona
    second person olibona mulibona
    third person 1/2 alibona balibona
    3/4 gulibona eribona
    5/6 liribona galibona
    7/8 kiribona biribona
    9/10 eribona ziribona
    11/10 rulibona
    12/14 kalibona bulibona
    13 — tulibona
    14/6 bulibona galibona
    15/6 kulibona
    16 halibona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -libona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tindibona titulibona
    second person tolibona timulibona
    third person 1/2 talibona tibalibona
    3/4 tigulibona teribona
    5/6 tiriribona tigalibona
    7/8 tikiribona tibiribona
    9/10 teribona tiziribona
    11/10 tirulibona
    12/14 tikalibona tibulibona
    13 — titulibona
    14/6 tibulibona tigalibona
    15/6 tikulibona
    16 tihalibona —
    		subject concord + -talibona
    future habitual affirmative
    subject concord + -raabonaga
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ndaabonaga turaabonaga
    second person oraabonaga muraabonaga
    third person 1/2 araabonaga baraabonaga
    3/4 guraabonaga eraabonaga
    5/6 liraabonaga garaabonaga
    7/8 kiraabonaga biraabonaga
    9/10 eraabonaga ziraabonaga
    11/10 ruraabonaga
    12/14 karaabonaga buraabonaga
    13 — turaabonaga
    14/6 buraabonaga garaabonaga
    15/6 kuraabonaga
    16 haraabonaga —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aabonege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaabonege titwabonege
    second person tiwaabonege timwabonege
    third person 1/2 tiyaabonege tibaabonege
    3/4 tigwabonege tiyaabonege
    5/6 tiryabonege tigaabonege
    7/8 tikyabonege tibyabonege
    9/10 tiyaabonege tizaabonege
    11/10 tirwabonege
    12/14 tikaabonege tibwabonege
    13 — titwabonege
    14/6 tibwabonege tigaabonege
    15/6 tikwabonege
    16 tihaabonege —
    		subject concord + -taabonege
    subjunctive affirmative
    subject concord + bone
    person noun class singular plural
    first person mbone tubone
    second person obone mubone
    third person 1/2 abone babone
    3/4 gubone ebone
    5/6 libone gabone
    7/8 kibone bibone
    9/10 ebone zibone
    11/10 rubone
    12/14 kabone bubone
    13 — tubone
    14/6 bubone gabone
    15/6 kubone
    16 habone —
    negative
    subject concord + -tabona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person ntabona tutabona
    second person otabona mutabona
    third person 1/2 atabona batabona
    3/4 gutabona etabona
    5/6 litabona gatabona
    7/8 kitabona bitabona
    9/10 etabona zitabona
    11/10 rutabona
    12/14 katabona butabona
    13 — tutabona
    14/6 butabona gatabona
    15/6 kutabona
    16 hatabona —
    		—
    subjunctive habitual affirmative
    subject concord + bonege
    person noun class singular plural
    first person mbonege tubonege
    second person obonege mubonege
    third person 1/2 abonege babonege
    3/4 gubonege ebonege
    5/6 libonege gabonege
    7/8 kibonege bibonege
    9/10 ebonege zibonege
    11/10 rubonege
    12/14 kabonege bubonege
    13 — tubonege
    14/6 bubonege gabonege
    15/6 kubonege
    16 habonege —
    hypothetical affirmative
    subject concord + -aakubona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naakubona twakubona
    second person waakubona mwakubona
    third person 1/2 yaakubona baakubona
    3/4 gwakubona yaakubona
    5/6 lyakubona gaakubona
    7/8 kyakubona byakubona
    9/10 yaakubona zaakubona
    11/10 rwakubona
    12/14 kaakubona bwakubona
    13 — twakubona
    14/6 bwakubona gaakubona
    15/6 kwakubona
    16 haakubona —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aakubona
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaakubona titwakubona
    second person tiwaakubona timwakubona
    third person 1/2 tiyaakubona tibaakubona
    3/4 tigwakubona tiyaakubona
    5/6 tiryakubona tigaakubona
    7/8 tikyakubona tibyakubona
    9/10 tiyaakubona tizaakubona
    11/10 tirwakubona
    12/14 tikaakubona tibwakubona
    13 — titwakubona
    14/6 tibwakubona tigaakubona
    15/6 tikwakubona
    16 tihaakubona —
    		subject concord + -taakubona
    conditional affirmative
    subject concord + -aakubaine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person naakubaine twakubaine
    second person waakubaine mwakubaine
    third person 1/2 yaakubaine baakubaine
    3/4 gwakubaine yaakubaine
    5/6 lyakubaine gaakubaine
    7/8 kyakubaine byakubaine
    9/10 yaakubaine zaakubaine
    11/10 rwakubaine
    12/14 kaakubaine bwakubaine
    13 — twakubaine
    14/6 bwakubaine gaakubaine
    15/6 kwakubaine
    16 haakubaine —
    negative
    ti- + subject concord + -aakubaine
    person noun class singular plural
    first person tinaakubaine titwakubaine
    second person tiwaakubaine timwakubaine
    third person 1/2 tiyaakubaine tibaakubaine
    3/4 tigwakubaine tiyaakubaine
    5/6 tiryakubaine tigaakubaine
    7/8 tikyakubaine tibyakubaine
    9/10 tiyaakubaine tizaakubaine
    11/10 tirwakubaine
    12/14 tikaakubaine tibwakubaine
    13 — titwakubaine
    14/6 tibwakubaine tigaakubaine
    15/6 tikwakubaine
    16 tihaakubaine —
    		subject concord + -taakubaine
    object concords
    person noun class singular plural
    first person -mbona -tubona
    second person -kubona -babona
    third person 1/2 -mubona
    3/4 -gubona -gibona
    5/6 -libona -gabona
    7/8 -kibona -bibona
    9/10 -gibona -zibona
    11/10 -rubona
    12/14 -kabona -bubona
    13 — -tubona
    14/6 -bubona -gabona
    15/6 -kubona
    16 -habona —

    1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.


    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[7], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 238
    • Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎[8], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, pages 25–26

    Tswana

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

    [edit]

    bona

    1. to see

    Venetan

    [edit]

    Adjective

    [edit]

    bona f

    1. feminine singular of bon

    Xhosa

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    boná

    1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    boná

    1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

    [edit]

    -bôna

    1. to see
    Inflection
    [edit]

    This verb needs an inflection-table template.

    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Zulu

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    boná

    1. they, them; class 2 absolute pronoun.
    Inflection
    [edit]
    Stem -bo, poss. stem -bó (locative kúbo)
    full form boná
    locative kúbo
    copulative yíbo
    Possessive forms
    modifier substantive
    class 1 wâbo ówâbo
    class 2 bâbo ábâbo
    class 3 wâbo ówâbo
    class 4 yâbo éyâbo
    class 5 lâbo élâbo
    class 6 âbo áwâbo
    class 7 sâbo ésâbo
    class 8 zâbo ézâbo
    class 9 yâbo éyâbo
    class 10 zâbo ézâbo
    class 11 lwâbo ólwâbo
    class 14 bâbo óbâbo
    class 15 kwâbo ókwâbo
    class 17 kwâbo ókwâbo

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    From Proto-Nguni *boná.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    boná

    1. it; class 14 absolute pronoun.
    Inflection
    [edit]
    Stem -bo, poss. stem -bó (locative kúbo)
    full form boná
    locative kúbo
    copulative yíbo
    Possessive forms
    modifier substantive
    class 1 wâbo ówâbo
    class 2 bâbo ábâbo
    class 3 wâbo ówâbo
    class 4 yâbo éyâbo
    class 5 lâbo élâbo
    class 6 âbo áwâbo
    class 7 sâbo ésâbo
    class 8 zâbo ézâbo
    class 9 yâbo éyâbo
    class 10 zâbo ézâbo
    class 11 lwâbo ólwâbo
    class 14 bâbo óbâbo
    class 15 kwâbo ókwâbo
    class 17 kwâbo ókwâbo

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    From Proto-Bantu *-bóna.

    Verb

    [edit]

    -bôna

    1. (transitive) to see
    2. (transitive) to understand, to comprehend
    3. (transitive) to recognise
    4. (transitive) to seek out, to visit
    Inflection
    [edit]
    tone HH (infinitive ukubona)
    positive negative
    infinitive ukubona ukungaboni
    imperative
    simple + object concord
    singular bona -bone
    plural bonani -boneni
    present
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngiyabona, ngibona engibonayo, engibona ngibona angiboni engingaboni ngingaboni
    2nd singular uyabona, ubona obonayo, obona ubona awuboni ongaboni ungaboni
    1st plural siyabona, sibona esibonayo, esibona sibona asiboni esingaboni singaboni
    2nd plural niyabona, nibona enibonayo, enibona nibona aniboni eningaboni ningaboni
    class 1 uyabona, ubona obonayo, obona ebona akaboni ongaboni engaboni
    class 2 bayabona, babona ababonayo, ababona bebona ababoni abangaboni bengaboni
    class 3 uyabona, ubona obonayo, obona ubona awuboni ongaboni ungaboni
    class 4 iyabona, ibona ebonayo, ebona ibona ayiboni engaboni ingaboni
    class 5 liyabona, libona elibonayo, elibona libona aliboni elingaboni lingaboni
    class 6 ayabona, abona abonayo, abona ebona awaboni angaboni engaboni
    class 7 siyabona, sibona esibonayo, esibona sibona asiboni esingaboni singaboni
    class 8 ziyabona, zibona ezibonayo, ezibona zibona aziboni ezingaboni zingaboni
    class 9 iyabona, ibona ebonayo, ebona ibona ayiboni engaboni ingaboni
    class 10 ziyabona, zibona ezibonayo, ezibona zibona aziboni ezingaboni zingaboni
    class 11 luyabona, lubona olubonayo, olubona lubona aluboni olungaboni lungaboni
    class 14 buyabona, bubona obubonayo, obubona bubona abuboni obungaboni bungaboni
    class 15 kuyabona, kubona okubonayo, okubona kubona akuboni okungaboni kungaboni
    class 17 kuyabona, kubona okubonayo, okubona kubona akuboni okungaboni kungaboni
    recent past
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngibonile, ngibonē engibonile, engibonē ngibonile, ngibonē angibonanga engingabonanga ngingabonanga
    2nd singular ubonile, ubonē obonile, obonē ubonile, ubonē awubonanga ongabonanga ungabonanga
    1st plural sibonile, sibonē esibonile, esibonē sibonile, sibonē asibonanga esingabonanga singabonanga
    2nd plural nibonile, nibonē enibonile, enibonē nibonile, nibonē anibonanga eningabonanga ningabonanga
    class 1 ubonile, ubonē obonile, obonē ebonile, ebonē akabonanga ongabonanga engabonanga
    class 2 babonile, babonē ababonile, ababonē bebonile, bebonē ababonanga abangabonanga bengabonanga
    class 3 ubonile, ubonē obonile, obonē ubonile, ubonē awubonanga ongabonanga ungabonanga
    class 4 ibonile, ibonē ebonile, ebonē ibonile, ibonē ayibonanga engabonanga ingabonanga
    class 5 libonile, libonē elibonile, elibonē libonile, libonē alibonanga elingabonanga lingabonanga
    class 6 abonile, abonē abonile, abonē ebonile, ebonē awabonanga angabonanga engabonanga
    class 7 sibonile, sibonē esibonile, esibonē sibonile, sibonē asibonanga esingabonanga singabonanga
    class 8 zibonile, zibonē ezibonile, ezibonē zibonile, zibonē azibonanga ezingabonanga zingabonanga
    class 9 ibonile, ibonē ebonile, ebonē ibonile, ibonē ayibonanga engabonanga ingabonanga
    class 10 zibonile, zibonē ezibonile, ezibonē zibonile, zibonē azibonanga ezingabonanga zingabonanga
    class 11 lubonile, lubonē olubonile, olubonē lubonile, lubonē alubonanga olungabonanga lungabonanga
    class 14 bubonile, bubonē obubonile, obubonē bubonile, bubonē abubonanga obungabonanga bungabonanga
    class 15 kubonile, kubonē okubonile, okubonē kubonile, kubonē akubonanga okungabonanga kungabonanga
    class 17 kubonile, kubonē okubonile, okubonē kubonile, kubonē akubonanga okungabonanga kungabonanga
    remote past
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngābona engābona ngābona angibonanga engingabonanga ngingabonanga
    2nd singular wābona owābona wābona awubonanga ongabonanga ungabonanga
    1st plural sābona esābona sābona asibonanga esingabonanga singabonanga
    2nd plural nābona enābona nābona anibonanga eningabonanga ningabonanga
    class 1 wābona owābona ābona akabonanga ongabonanga engabonanga
    class 2 bābona abābona bābona ababonanga abangabonanga bengabonanga
    class 3 wābona owābona wābona awubonanga ongabonanga ungabonanga
    class 4 yābona eyābona yābona ayibonanga engabonanga ingabonanga
    class 5 lābona elābona lābona alibonanga elingabonanga lingabonanga
    class 6 ābona ābona ābona awabonanga angabonanga engabonanga
    class 7 sābona esābona sābona asibonanga esingabonanga singabonanga
    class 8 zābona ezābona zābona azibonanga ezingabonanga zingabonanga
    class 9 yābona eyābona yābona ayibonanga engabonanga ingabonanga
    class 10 zābona ezābona zābona azibonanga ezingabonanga zingabonanga
    class 11 lwābona olwābona lwābona alubonanga olungabonanga lungabonanga
    class 14 bābona obābona bābona abubonanga obungabonanga bungabonanga
    class 15 kwābona okwābona kwābona akubonanga okungabonanga kungabonanga
    class 17 kwābona okwābona kwābona akubonanga okungabonanga kungabonanga
    potential
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngingabona — ngingabona ngingebone — ngingebone
    2nd singular ungabona — ungabona ungebone — ungebone
    1st plural singabona — singabona singebone — singebone
    2nd plural ningabona — ningabona ningebone — ningebone
    class 1 angabona — engabona angebone — engebone
    class 2 bangabona — bengabona bangebone — bengebone
    class 3 ungabona — ungabona ungebone — ungebone
    class 4 ingabona — ingabona ingebone — ingebone
    class 5 lingabona — lingabona lingebone — lingebone
    class 6 angabona — engabona angebone — engebone
    class 7 singabona — singabona singebone — singebone
    class 8 zingabona — zingabona zingebone — zingebone
    class 9 ingabona — ingabona ingebone — ingebone
    class 10 zingabona — zingabona zingebone — zingebone
    class 11 lungabona — lungabona lungebone — lungebone
    class 14 bungabona — bungabona bungebone — bungebone
    class 15 kungabona — kungabona kungebone — kungebone
    class 17 kungabona — kungabona kungebone — kungebone
    immediate future
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngizobona engizobona ngizobona angizubona engingezubona ngingezubona
    2nd singular uzobona ozobona uzobona awuzubona ongezubona ungezubona
    1st plural sizobona esizobona sizobona asizubona esingezubona singezubona
    2nd plural nizobona enizobona nizobona anizubona eningezubona ningezubona
    class 1 uzobona ozobona ezobona akazubona ongezubona engezubona
    class 2 bazobona abazobona bezobona abazubona abangezubona bengezubona
    class 3 uzobona ozobona uzobona awuzubona ongezubona ungezubona
    class 4 izobona ezobona izobona ayizubona engezubona ingezubona
    class 5 lizobona elizobona lizobona alizubona elingezubona lingezubona
    class 6 azobona azobona ezobona awazubona angezubona engezubona
    class 7 sizobona esizobona sizobona asizubona esingezubona singezubona
    class 8 zizobona ezizobona zizobona azizubona ezingezubona zingezubona
    class 9 izobona ezobona izobona ayizubona engezubona ingezubona
    class 10 zizobona ezizobona zizobona azizubona ezingezubona zingezubona
    class 11 luzobona oluzobona luzobona aluzubona olungezubona lungezubona
    class 14 buzobona obuzobona buzobona abuzubona obungezubona bungezubona
    class 15 kuzobona okuzobona kuzobona akuzubona okungezubona kungezubona
    class 17 kuzobona okuzobona kuzobona akuzubona okungezubona kungezubona
    remote future
    positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
    1st singular ngiyobona engiyobona ngiyobona angiyubona engingeyubona ngingeyubona
    2nd singular uyobona oyobona uyobona awuyubona ongeyubona ungeyubona
    1st plural siyobona esiyobona siyobona asiyubona esingeyubona singeyubona
    2nd plural niyobona eniyobona niyobona aniyubona eningeyubona ningeyubona
    class 1 uyobona oyobona eyobona akayubona ongeyubona engeyubona
    class 2 bayobona abayobona beyobona abayubona abangeyubona bengeyubona
    class 3 uyobona oyobona uyobona awuyubona ongeyubona ungeyubona
    class 4 iyobona eyobona iyobona ayiyubona engeyubona ingeyubona
    class 5 liyobona eliyobona liyobona aliyubona elingeyubona lingeyubona
    class 6 ayobona ayobona eyobona awayubona angeyubona engeyubona
    class 7 siyobona esiyobona siyobona asiyubona esingeyubona singeyubona
    class 8 ziyobona eziyobona ziyobona aziyubona ezingeyubona zingeyubona
    class 9 iyobona eyobona iyobona ayiyubona engeyubona ingeyubona
    class 10 ziyobona eziyobona ziyobona aziyubona ezingeyubona zingeyubona
    class 11 luyobona oluyobona luyobona aluyubona olungeyubona lungeyubona
    class 14 buyobona obuyobona buyobona abuyubona obungeyubona bungeyubona
    class 15 kuyobona okuyobona kuyobona akuyubona okungeyubona kungeyubona
    class 17 kuyobona okuyobona kuyobona akuyubona okungeyubona kungeyubona
    present subjunctive
    positive negative
    1st singular ngibone ngingaboni
    2nd singular ubone ungaboni
    1st plural sibone singaboni
    2nd plural nibone ningaboni
    class 1 abone angaboni
    class 2 babone bangaboni
    class 3 ubone ungaboni
    class 4 ibone ingaboni
    class 5 libone lingaboni
    class 6 abone angaboni
    class 7 sibone singaboni
    class 8 zibone zingaboni
    class 9 ibone ingaboni
    class 10 zibone zingaboni
    class 11 lubone lungaboni
    class 14 bubone bungaboni
    class 15 kubone kungaboni
    class 17 kubone kungaboni
    past subjunctive
    positive negative
    1st singular ngabona ngangabona, angabona, angangabona
    2nd singular wabona wangabona, awabona, awangabona
    1st plural sabona sangabona, asabona, asangabona
    2nd plural nabona nangabona, anabona, anangabona
    class 1 wabona wangabona, akabona, akangabona
    class 2 babona bangabona, ababona, abangabona
    class 3 wabona wangabona, awabona, awangabona
    class 4 yabona yangabona, ayabona, ayangabona
    class 5 labona langabona, alabona, alangabona
    class 6 abona angabona, awabona, awangabona
    class 7 sabona sangabona, asabona, asangabona
    class 8 zabona zangabona, azabona, azangabona
    class 9 yabona yangabona, ayabona, ayangabona
    class 10 zabona zangabona, azabona, azangabona
    class 11 lwabona lwangabona, alwabona, alwangabona
    class 14 babona bangabona, ababona, abangabona
    class 15 kwabona kwangabona, akwabona, akwangabona
    class 17 kwabona kwangabona, akwabona, akwangabona
    Derived terms
    [edit]
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