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artificial

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English artificial (“man-made”) via Old French (modern French artificiel), from Latin artificiālis from artificium (“skill”), from artifex, from ars (“skill”), and -fex, from facere (“to make”). Displaced native Old English cræftlīċ.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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artificial (comparative more artificial, superlative most artificial)

  1. Man-made; made by humans; of artifice.
    The flowers were artificial, and he thought them rather tacky.
    • 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎[1], volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):
      An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine. But they are nothing like as efficient, and can cause bleeding, clotting and infection—not to mention inconvenience for patients, who typically need to be hooked up to one three times a week for hours at a time.
  2. Insincere; fake, forced, or feigned.
    Her manner was somewhat artificial.
  3. Not natural or normal: imposed arbitrarily or without regard to the specifics or normal circumstances of a person, a situation, etc.
    • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 131:
      “How quickly have I fallen!” thought Tarzan; but in his heart he did not consider it a fall—rather, he pitied the poor creatures of Paris, penned up like prisoners in their silly clothes, and watched by policemen all their poor lives, that they might do nothing that was not entirely artificial and tiresome.
    • 1990 February 19, Peter Burnham, The Political Economy of Postwar Reconstruction, Springer, →ISBN, page 73:
      This results in an artificial conflation of the individual crises experienced by Western European states and leads to imprecise judgements on the impact of Marshall. This confusing conflation is not simply the product of retrospection.
    • 2002 May 9, Maxine Berg, Pat Hudson, Michael Sonenscher, Manufacture in Town and Country Before the Factory, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35:
      [If] the economic literature of the eighteenth century is examined in terms other than the narrow categories of free trade and protection, the artificial division between the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries would break down .
    • 2016 November 10, Gabriele Lakomski, Scott Eacott, Colin W. Evers, Questioning Leadership: New directions for educational organisations, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 156:
      In Alberta, for example, policy documents reinforce an artificial distinction between leadership-related activity and management.
    • 2017 July 12, A. Javier Trevino, The Sociology of Law: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives, Routledge, →ISBN:
      The method of suppression is generally either an artificial conflation of public and private, in which the public is represented as private, or an artificial separation of public from private, which distracts attention from the public […]
  4. (taxonomy) Based on characteristics useful for identification, without regard for the formal differences used in classification.
    • 1966 October, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume I, New York, N.Y.; London: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 3:
      Artificial keys are devised purely to facilitate determination […]
  5. (bridge) Conveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand.
    Synonym: conventional
    Antonym: natural
    • 1999, Edwin B. Kantar, Eddie Kantar Teaches Advanced Bridge Defense, page 191:
      An artificial bid doesn't necessarily show length in the suit being bid, it has an altogether different meaning.
    • 2008, David Galt, Teach Yourself Visually Bridge, page 219:
      North makes an artificial call of 3♧, the cheapest suit at the 3 level, to show a very poor hand. What North holds in clubs doesn't matter at all.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “unnatural”): natural

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Welsh: artiffisial

Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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References

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Aragonese

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin artificiālis.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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artificial (plural artificials)

  1. artificial

Derived terms

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References

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  • “artificial”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Asturian

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Etymology

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From Latin artificiālis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /aɾtifiˈθjal/ [aɾ.t̪i.fiˈθjal]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: ar‧ti‧fi‧cial

Adjective

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artificial m or f by sense (artificiales)

  1. artificial
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Catalan

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Etymology

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    Borrowed from Latin artificiālis.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    artificial m or f (masculine and feminine plural artificials)

    1. artificial
      Antonym: natural

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    Chavacano

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Spanish artificial (“artificial”).

    Pronunciation

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    • Hyphenation: ar‧ti‧fi‧cial

    Adjective

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    artificial

    1. artificial

    Galician

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂értis
    Proto-Italic *artis
    Latin ars
    Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
    Proto-Italic *-faks
    Latin -fex
    Latin artifex, artificis
    Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós
    Proto-Italic *-ijos
    Proto-Italic *-ios
    Old Latin -ios
    Latin -iusnom.
    Latin -ium
    Latin artificium
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-
    Proto-Indo-European *-is
    Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?
    Proto-Italic *-ālis
    Latin -ālis
    Latin artificiālislbor.
    Galician artificial

      Learned borrowing from Latin artificiālis.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): (standard) /aɾtifiˈθjal/ [aɾ.t̪i.fiˈθjɑɫ]
      • IPA(key): (seseo) /aɾtifiˈsjal/ [aɾ.t̪i.fiˈsjɑɫ]

      • Rhymes: -al
      • Hyphenation: ar‧ti‧fi‧cial

      Adjective

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      artificial m or f (plural artificiais)

      1. artificial

      Derived terms

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      Further reading

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      Occitan

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      Etymology

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      From Latin artificiālis.

      Pronunciation

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      Adjective

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      artificial m (feminine singular artificiala, masculine plural artificials, feminine plural artificialas)

      1. artificial

      Derived terms

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      Portuguese

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      Etymology

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-
      Proto-Indo-European *h₂értis
      Proto-Italic *artis
      Latin ars
      Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
      Proto-Italic *-faks
      Latin -fex
      Latin artifex, artificis
      Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós
      Proto-Italic *-ijos
      Proto-Italic *-ios
      Old Latin -ios
      Latin -iusnom.
      Latin -ium
      Latin artificium
      Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-
      Proto-Indo-European *-is
      Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?
      Proto-Italic *-ālis
      Latin -ālis
      Latin artificiālislbor.
      Portuguese artificial

        Learned borrowing from Latin artificiālis. By surface analysis, artifício +‎ -al.

        Pronunciation

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        • (Brazil) IPA(key): /aʁ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaw/ [ah.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaʊ̯], (faster) /aʁ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaw/ [ah.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaʊ̯]
          • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /aɾ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaw/ [aɾ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaʊ̯], (faster) /aɾ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaw/ [aɾ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaʊ̯]
          • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /aʁ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaw/ [aχ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaʊ̯], (faster) /aʁ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaw/ [aχ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaʊ̯]
          • (Caipira) IPA(key): /aɻ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaw/ [aɻ.t͡ʃi.fi.siˈaʊ̯], (faster) /aɻ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaw/ [aɻ.t͡ʃi.fiˈsjaʊ̯]
         

        Adjective

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        artificial m or f (plural artificiais)

        1. artificial (made by human hand)

        Derived terms

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        Further reading

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        Romanian

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        Alternative forms

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        Etymology

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        Borrowed from French artificiel, from Latin artificialis. By surface analysis, artificiu +‎ -al.

        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /ar.ti.fi.t͡ʃiˈal/
        • Rhymes: -al
        • Hyphenation: ar‧ti‧fi‧ci‧al

        Adjective

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        artificial m or n (feminine singular artificială, masculine plural artificiali, feminine/neuter plural artificiale)

        1. artificial

        Declension

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        Declension of artificial
        singular plural
        masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
        nominative-
        accusative         		indefinite artificial artificială artificiali artificiale
        definite artificialul artificiala artificialii artificialele
        genitive-
        dative         		indefinite artificial artificiale artificiali artificiale
        definite artificialului artificialei artificialilor artificialelor
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        Further reading

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        Spanish

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        Etymology

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        Etymology tree
        Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-
        Proto-Indo-European *h₂értis
        Proto-Italic *artis
        Latin ars
        Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
        Proto-Italic *-faks
        Latin -fex
        Latin artifex, artificis
        Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós
        Proto-Italic *-ijos
        Proto-Italic *-ios
        Old Latin -ios
        Latin -iusnom.
        Latin -ium
        Latin artificium
        Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-
        Proto-Indo-European *-is
        Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?
        Proto-Italic *-ālis
        Latin -ālis
        Latin artificiālisbor.
        Spanish artificial

          Borrowed from Latin artificiālis.

          Pronunciation

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          Adjective

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          artificial m or f (masculine and feminine plural artificiales)

          1. artificial
            Antonym: natural
            • 2024 December 2, Rosa Rahimi, “La palabra del año de Oxford es una condición moderna que nos resulta familiar a la mayoría de nosotros”, in CNN en Español‎[2]:
              La palabra superó a otras cinco candidatas preseleccionadas, que incluían “lore”, que significa un conjunto de (supuestos) hechos, información de fondo y anécdotas necesarias para comprender algo por completo; “romantasy”, un acrónimo para literatura que combina elementos de ficción romántica y fantasía; y “slop”, que se refiere a contenido de baja calidad generado por inteligencia artificial.
              The word beat out five other shortlisted candidates, including ‘lore’, which means a set of (supposed) facts, background information and anecdotes necessary to fully understand something; ‘romantasy’, an acronym for literature that combines elements of romantic fiction and fantasy; and ‘slop’, which refers to low-quality content generated by artificial intelligence.

          Derived terms

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          Further reading

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