ad

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ad"

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English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

ad

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /æd/
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -æd
Homophone: add

Etymology 1

Clipping of advertise, advertising, advertisement, or advertiser.

Noun

ad (plural ads)

Abbreviation of advertisement.
Synonym: advert

I have placed both of the ads in the newspaper as instructed.
- 2005, Dafydd Fell, “Party change on the national identity issue”, in Party Politics in Taiwan: Party change and the democratic evolution of Taiwan, 1991–2004‎^[2], Routledge, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 114:
  However, the ad that was seen as the most successful in 2000 reflected Chen Shui-bian's Taiwanese roots, that was the Kuantien Ad that showed the small town where he had grown up, his neighbours, relatives and people that had known him as a child.
- 2019 July 28, Sam Wolfson, “Looking for Mr T: the politicisation of testosterone”, in The Guardian‎^[3]:
  In the final few weeks before the vote, a rash of ads appeared on radio and TV claiming that Hillary Clinton was too frail, too liberal and too ethically compromised to become president. […] Not many people took Morris’s ad too seriously; most news outlets were pleased for a frothy story in an election that was short on light relief.
Abbreviation of advertising.
Abbreviation of advertiser.

Derived terms

Translations

short form of advertisement — see also advertisement

Finnish: mainos (fi)
French: pub (fr) f

Etymology 2

From a shortening of the word advantage.

Noun

ad (plural ads)

(tennis) Advantage; also, designating the left-hand side, from the player's point of view, of their half of the court, where the advantage point following a deuce is always played.
- 2006, David Foster Wallace, “Federer Both Flesh And Not”, in Both Flesh And Not, Penguin, published 2013, page 5:
  [S]uddenly Agassi hits a hard heavy cross-court back hand that pulls Federer way out to his ad (= his left) side, and Federer gets to it but slices the stretch backhand short, a couple feet past the service line […] .
(debating) advantage
ads and disads

Derived terms

ad in
ad out

Etymology 3

From Latin ad (“to, on”).

Preposition

ad

to, toward

Related terms

Anagrams

D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

Alemannic German

Contraction

ad

contraction of a +‎ d
Basel isch glaubs scho chli, dass du wahrschinlich bis ad Uni chasch laufe.
Basel is seemingly small, for you to go walking to uni.

Azerbaijani

Other scripts
Cyrillic		ад
Arabic		آد

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish آد (ad, ād, “name”), from Proto-Turkic *āt. Compare Turkish ad, Gagauz aad, Turkmen at.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɑd]
Audio (Baku): (file)

Noun

ad (definite accusative adı, plural adlar)

name, first name
- 1899, Nariman Narimanov, Türk-Azərbaycan diliniŋ müxtəsər sərf-nəhvi [Concise grammar of the Azerbaijani Turkic language] 18:
  اونیگ آدی نه‌ در؟
  Onıŋ adı nədir? [=Onun adı nədir?]
  What is his/her name?
(grammar) noun
Synonym: isim

Declension

Declension of ad
	singular	plural
nominative	ad	adlar
definite accusative	adı	adları
dative	ada	adlara
locative	adda	adlarda
ablative	addan	adlardan
definite genitive	adın	adların

Possessive forms of ad
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adım	adlarım
sənin (“your”)	adın	adların
onun (“his/her/its”)	adı	adları
bizim (“our”)	adımız	adlarımız
sizin (“your”)	adınız	adlarınız
onların (“their”)	adı or adları	adları

	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adımı	adlarımı
sənin (“your”)	adını	adlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	adını	adlarını
bizim (“our”)	adımızı	adlarımızı
sizin (“your”)	adınızı	adlarınızı
onların (“their”)	adını or adlarını	adlarını

	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adıma	adlarıma
sənin (“your”)	adına	adlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	adına	adlarına
bizim (“our”)	adımıza	adlarımıza
sizin (“your”)	adınıza	adlarınıza
onların (“their”)	adına or adlarına	adlarına

	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adımda	adlarımda
sənin (“your”)	adında	adlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	adında	adlarında
bizim (“our”)	adımızda	adlarımızda
sizin (“your”)	adınızda	adlarınızda
onların (“their”)	adında or adlarında	adlarında

	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adımdan	adlarımdan
sənin (“your”)	adından	adlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	adından	adlarından
bizim (“our”)	adımızdan	adlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	adınızdan	adlarınızdan
onların (“their”)	adından or adlarından	adlarından

	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	adımın	adlarımın
sənin (“your”)	adının	adlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	adının	adlarının
bizim (“our”)	adımızın	adlarımızın
sizin (“your”)	adınızın	adlarınızın
onların (“their”)	adının or adlarının	adlarının

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Lezgi: ад (ad)

Blagar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ad/

Noun

ad

fire

References

A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1
The Rosetta Project, Blagar Swadesh List
Stokhof (1975)

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Danish at, from Old Norse at, from Proto-Germanic *at.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [að], [a]
Homophone: af

Preposition

ad

by
at

Descendants

Norwegian Bokmål: ad

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈaðˀ]

Interjection

ad

ew, bleah

Synonyms

Dutch

	A user suggests that this Dutch entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “1.) What is "NL-HaNA_1.04.02"? It seems to be some kind of file or registration at the Dutch national archive. How is this relevant? 2.) "anno domini" is not a noun. 3.) nl.wiktionary has other definitions.”
	Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup⁽⁺⁾ or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Noun

ad m (plural ads, diminutive [please provide])

(in NL-HaNA_1.04.02) abbreviation of annō Dominī

Gagauz

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑd/, (final devoicing) /ɑt/
Homophone: at (with final devoicing)

Noun

ad (definite accusative adı, plural adlar)

alternative form of aad

Declension

Declension of ad
	singular (tekil)	plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın)	ad	adlar
definite accusative (belirtme)	adı	adları
dative (yönelme)	ada	adlara
locative (bulunma)	adda	adlarda
ablative (çıkma)	addan	adlardan
genitive (tamlayan)	adın	adların

Hungarian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Uralic *ëmta-.^[1]^[2]^[3] Cognates include Finnish antaa and Estonian andma.

Alternative forms

ád (archaic or dialectal)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɒd]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɒd

Verb

ad

(transitive) to give or shift (something) to or near someone or somewhere
Synonyms: átad, juttat, helyez, nyújt

Hyponyms: idead, odaad
1. (transitive) to serve (food or drink) to someone (-nak/-nek); to set down (food or drink) to be consumed
  Reggelit adtunk a gyerekeknek. ― We gave breakfast to the children.
(transitive) to give (something) to someone (-nak/-nek) as a gift, donation etc.
Synonyms: adományoz, ajándékoz

Adtam Sándornak egy könyvet. ― I gave Sándor a book.
(transitive) to throw, organize, hold, give (a party/celebration/dinner, especially in honour of someone)
Synonyms: rendez, szervez, tart, csap

Vacsorát adtak a győztes tiszteletére. ― They held a dinner in the winner's honor.
- 1854, Mór Jókai, chapter 19, in R. Nisbet Bain, transl., Egy magyar nábob, chapter XI (translation):
  Könnyű a férjnek azt mondani, én holnap vagy egy hónap múlva nagy ünnepélyt adok, hivatalos lesz rá az egész környék, akiket ismerek és olyanok is, akiket sohasem láttam. A többi az asszony gondja.
  It is easy enough for us men-folk to say, “I will give a great dinner-party to-morrow, or a month hence; and I will invite the whole country-side to it. I will invite not only those I know, but those I have never seen;” but it is our women-folk who have to take thought for it.
(transitive, arithmetic) to add (-hoz/-hez/-höz)
Synonym: hozzáad
(transitive) to perform (a play, show etc.); to screen (a film); to broadcast (a program)
Synonyms: bemutat, játszik, előad, közvetít, sugároz

A moziban nem adták az új filmet. ― The new film was not screened at the cinema.

Melyik csatorna adja a mérkőzést? ― Which channel is broadcasting the match?
(transitive, slang) to rule, rock; to be giving [with null object]
Nagyon adja az új lemez! ― The new album is really great!
(transitive, slang) to like, enjoy, dig; to vibe with; to agree with (something)
Synonyms: élvez, kedvel, (informal) bír, (slang) csíp, (slang) szétad

Nagyon adom ezt az ötletet. ― I am really into this idea.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ad
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	adok	adsz	ad	adunk	adtok	adnak
			def.	adom	adod	adja	adjuk	adjátok	adják
			2nd obj	adlak
		past	indef.	adtam	adtál	adott	adtunk	adtatok	adtak
			def.	adtam	adtad	adta	adtuk	adtátok	adták
			2nd obj	adtalak
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. adni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	adék	adál	ada	adánk	adátok	adának
		def.	adám	adád	adá	adánk	adátok	adák
		2nd obj	adálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ad vala, adott vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	adandok	adandasz	adand	adandunk	adandotok	adandanak
		def.	adandom	adandod	adandja	adandjuk	adandjátok	adandják
		2nd obj	adandalak

conditional		present	indef.	adnék	adnál	adna	adnánk	adnátok	adnának
	def.		adnám	adnád	adná	adnánk (or adnók)	adnátok	adnák
	2nd obj		adnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. adott volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	adjak	adj or adjál	adjon	adjunk	adjatok	adjanak
			def.	adjam	add or adjad	adja	adjuk	adjátok	adják
			2nd obj	adjalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. adott légyen

infinitive		adni		adnom	adnod	adnia	adnunk	adnotok	adniuk
other forms	adás		adó	adott	adandó	adva (adván)		adat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

Potential conjugation of ad
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	adhatok	adhatsz	adhat	adhatunk	adhattok	adhatnak
			def.	adhatom	adhatod	adhatja	adhatjuk	adhatjátok	adhatják
			2nd obj	adhatlak
		past	indef.	adhattam	adhattál	adhatott	adhattunk	adhattatok	adhattak
			def.	adhattam	adhattad	adhatta	adhattuk	adhattátok	adhatták
			2nd obj	adhattalak
archaic preterite		indef.	adhaték	adhatál	adhata	adhatánk	adhatátok	adhatának
		def.	adhatám	adhatád	adhatá	adhatánk	adhatátok	adhaták
		2nd obj	adhatálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. adhat vala, adhatott vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	adhatandok or adandhatok	adhatandasz or adandhatsz	adhatand or adandhat	adhatandunk or adandhatunk	adhatandotok or adandhattok	adhatandanak or adandhatnak
		def.	adhatandom or adandhatom	adhatandod or adandhatod	adhatandja or adandhatja	adhatandjuk or adandhatjuk	adhatandjátok or adandhatjátok	adhatandják or adandhatják
		2nd obj	adhatandalak or adandhatlak

conditional		present	indef.	adhatnék	adhatnál	adhatna	adhatnánk	adhatnátok	adhatnának
	def.		adhatnám	adhatnád	adhatná	adhatnánk (or adhatnók)	adhatnátok	adhatnák
	2nd obj		adhatnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. adhatott volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	adhassak	adhass or adhassál	adhasson	adhassunk	adhassatok	adhassanak
			def.	adhassam	adhasd or adhassad	adhassa	adhassuk	adhassátok	adhassák
			2nd obj	adhassalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. adhatott légyen

infinitive		(adhatni)		(adhatnom)	(adhatnod)	(adhatnia)	(adhatnunk)	(adhatnotok)	(adhatniuk)
other forms	adható			adhatatlan		(adhatva / adhatván)

Coordinate terms

(arithmetic operations) művelet; összeadás ([össze-/hozzá-] ad); kivonás (kivon, elvesz); szorzás ([össze-/meg-] szoroz); osztás ([el-] oszt); hatványozás (hatványra emel); gyökvonás (gyököt von); logaritmálás (logaritmust számít/vesz/képez) ^{(Category: hu:Arithmetic)}

Derived terms

Compound words

adok-kapok

(With verbal prefixes):

Etymology 2

From Latin ad.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɒd], [ad], [ɑd]

Preposition

ad

(sciences, formal) (used when referring to headings or paragraphs by their indices)
1. (colloquial) for (used in live speech to enumerate talking points)
  Ad egy: allergiás vagyok a macskákra. Ad kettő: még ha nem is lennék az, nincs időm vigyázni egy háziállatra.
  For one thing: I'm allergic to cats. For another: even if I weren't, I don't have the time to care for a pet.
ad#English (used in common Latin expressions)
(mathematics) to the (used in exponentiation, especially when the exponent is awkward to decline as an ordinal)
e ad i-szer théta [cf. e az i-szer-thétáadikon]
e to the i times theta

Usage notes

When using ad before a word or phrase, it only needs to be in its dictionary form: numbers in cardinal form, nouns in nominative singular.

References

^ See notes on the reconstruction page.
^ Entry #11 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
^ ad in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2025.

Ido

Alternative forms

(apocopic form) a

Etymology

Borrowing from French à, Italian ad, Spanish a, all ultimately from Latin ad, from Proto-Indo-European *ád (“near, at”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ad/

Preposition

ad

to (movement, tendency or position)
Antonyms: de, ek

Il iris a la kirko. ― He went to church.

Il venas de Paris a London. ― He is on his way from Paris to London.

La hundo jetis su a la kato. ― The dog sprang at the cat.

De la esto ad la westo. ― From east to west.

De tempo a tempo. ― From time to time.

De un dio a l'altra. ― From one day to another; From day to day.

De la supro a l'infro. ― From top to bottom.
dative: indirect object
Donez a me la bastono ― Give me the stick.

Il parolis ad el. ― He spoke to her.
to (object of action, thought, desire)
Il elevas su a la richeso e a la honori. ― He is rising to weather and honors.

Atencema a la diskurso. ― Attentive to the discourse.

Surda a la ditreso-krii. ― Deaf to the cries of distress.

Amo a Deo. ― Love to God.

Me deziras a vu omna feliceso. ― I wish you all happiness.
to (comparison or relation)
Agreabla a la gusto. ― Agreeable to the taste.

Ca okupo konvenas ad il. ― This occupation suits him.
proportion; total
Tri raportas a non quale du a sis. ― Three is to nine as two is to six.

Evaluar lua revenuo a 10.000 franki. ― To estimate his income as 10,000 francs.

Taxar ol a 400 franki. ― To tax it at 400 francs.

Derived terms

ad-
al

Related terms

ed (“and”)
od (“or”)

Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /əd̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

dod, dod’, dot

Contraction

ad (triggers lenition)

(colloquial, dialectal) contraction of do (“to/for”) +‎ do (“your sg”)
Ní rabhas-sa ad phriocadh! ― I wasn't poking you!

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

id, it

Contraction

ad (triggers lenition)

(colloquial, dialectal) contraction of i (“in”) +‎ do (“your sg”)

Italian

Etymology

From Latin ad.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /a.d‿/

Preposition

ad

(before vowels) alternative form of a for euphony, especially before /a/; to, at, in
Dallo ad Adamo. ― Give it to Adam.

Anagrams

da, da', dà

Latin

Alternative forms

at

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include English at.

The accusative is from the hypothesized pre-PIE allative (or 'directional'), which merged with the accusative case in Proto-Italic.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈad]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈad]

Preposition

ad (+ accusative)

(direction) toward, to
- c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 4:
  Fugere ad puppim collēs campīque videntur.
  The hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship.
- 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2:
  Meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum.
  At noon the shadows fall towards the north, [and] at sunrise, point to the west.
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.93:
  Duplices tendens ad sidera palmas.
  Stretching both hands to the stars.
up to (indicating direction upwards)
near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.33:
  ad Murciae datae sedes
  the residences being given near the Murcia
against, on, upon (indicating position)
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.27:
  Sē ad arborēs applicant.
  They are leaning against the trees.
at, about, around, on, in (indicating a point in time)
until, to, up to, till (indicating the extent of time)
for, to, toward (indicating purpose or aim)
Ad maiōrem Deī glōriam.
For the greater glory of God.
in order to, to, for (indicating means)
Ad vim atque ad arma confugere.
To resort to violence and to fighting.
in comparison with, in comparison to, in relation to
according to (indicating conformity)
in consequence of
against, at (indicating movement 'toward' but in a hostile manner)
among, amongst (indicating the sharing of a characteristic)
about, around, approximately, thereabout (indicating number)

Usage notes

The word ad is an antithesis to ab (just as in is to ex; in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.)
Often used of geographical position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs iaceō (“lie, be situated”), vergō (“incline, slope”), spectō (“observe, see”) etc.:
Asia iacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquilonem.
Asia lies near the prime meridian and the south, Europe near the northern regions and northern wind. (There are two words for north.)

Ad Atticam vergente.
Inclining to Attic.
When appended to the beginning of a word beginning with a consonant, ad- often assimilates, e.g. becoming ap- in appretiō, from pretium, or ac- in accēdō, from cēdō. Note that unassimilated forms such as adpretiō are also found.

Derived terms

Descendants

Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: a
Balkano-Romance:
- Romanian: a
Italo-Dalmatian:
- Corsican: à
  - Sassarese: a, ad
- Dalmatian: a
- Istriot: a
- Italian: a, ad (see there for further descendants)
- Judeo-Italian: אַה (ʔah /⁠a⁠/)
- Neapolitan: a
- Sicilian: a
- Venetan: a
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: a
- Ladin: a
Gallo-Italic:
- Ligurian: a
- Romagnol: a
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: a
- Old French: a
  - French: à (see there for further descendants)
  - Norman: à
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: a
- Occitan: a
Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: a
- Old Galician-Portuguese: a
  - Fala: a
  - Galician: a
  - Portuguese: a
    - Indo-Portuguese: a
    - Papiamentu: a
- Old Leonese: a
  - Asturian: a
  - Extremaduran: a
  - Leonese: a
  - Mirandese: a
- Old Spanish: a, á, à
  - Ladino: a, אה
  - Spanish: a
Borrowings:
- → English: ad
- → Interlingua: a

References

“ad”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ad”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"ad", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Manx

Pronoun

ad

third person plural pronoun; they, them

Meriam

Noun

ad

story

Mokilese

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *acan (“name”), from Proto-Austronesian *ŋajan, *ajan (“name”). Cognate with Pohnpeian ahd.

Noun

ad

name

Possessive forms

Possessive forms of ad (tightly inalienable)
singular possessor	first person	oadoaioa
	second person	oadoamwen
	third person	oadoa
dual possessors	first person inclusive	oadoasa
	first person exclusive	oadoama
	second person	oadoamwa
	third person	oadoara
plural possessors	first person inclusive	oadoasai
	first person exclusive	oadoamai
	second person	oadoamwai
	third person	oadoarai
remote plural possessors	first person inclusive	oadoahs
	first person exclusive	oadoami
	second person	oadoamwi
	third person	oadoahr
construct form		oadoan

Related terms

adanki (“to name”)

References

Harrison, Sheldon P., Mokilese-English Dictionary, University of Hawaii Press 1977

External links

Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *ajan

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aidaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑːd/

Noun

ād m

funeral pyre

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	ād	ādas
accusative	ād	ādas
genitive	ādes	āda
dative	āde	ādum

Descendants

Middle English: ād

Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin ad.

Preposition

ad

alternative form of a (to; towards)

Etymology 2

From Latin habet.

Verb

ad

alternative form of a; third-person singular present indicative of avoir

Phrygian

Alternative forms

[script needed] (a) (Old Phrygian, simplified spelling after plosive assimilates to following consonant)
[script needed] (ad) (Old Phrygian)
α (a) (New Phrygian, simplified spelling after plosive assimilates to following consonant)
αδ (ad) (New Phrygian)
ατ (at) (New Phrygian, plosive assimilated to following voiceless consonant)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd.^[1]

Preposition

ad (governs the dative, once the accusative)

to, at, by

References

^ Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu (2020), The Phrygian Language (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 139), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, pages 156-157

Portuguese

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English ad.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.d͡ʒi/, /ˈɛ.d͡ʒi/, (initialism) /aˈde/

Noun

ad m (plural ads)

(Brazil, chiefly Internet slang) ad (short for advertisement)
Synonym: anúncio

Pumpokol

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Yeniseian *axʷ (first person singular pronoun).

Pronoun

ad (Kl.)

I, first person singular pronoun

Romanian

Noun

ad n (plural aduri)

obsolete form of iad

Declension

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	ad	adul	aduri	adurile
genitive-dative	ad	adului	aduri	adurilor
vocative	adule		adurilor

References

ad in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Salar

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āt.

Pronunciation

(Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): /ɑt/^[1]^[2]
(Xunhua, Qinghai; Ili, Xinjiang) IPA^(key): /ɑːt/^[3]^[4]^[5]

Noun

ad (3rd person possessive adı, plural adlar)

name

Declension

Declension of ad
	singular	plural
nominative	ad	adlar
genitive	adniği	adlarniği
dative	ada	adlarğa
definite accusative	adnı	adlarnı
locative	adda	adlarda
ablative	addan	adlardan
instrumental	adla	adlarla

Possessive declension of ad
	nominative
	singular	plural
miniği ("my")	adım	adımlar
siniği ("your")	adıñ	adıñlar
aniği ("their")	adı	adılar
piserniği ("our")	adımız	adımızlar
selerniği ("your")	adıñız	adıñızlar
ularniği ("their")	adı	adılar
	accusative
	singular	plural
miniği ("my")	adımnı	adımlarnı
siniği ("your")	adıñnı	adıñlarnı
aniği ("their")	adını	adılarnı
piserniği ("our")	adımıznı	adımızlarnı
selerniği ("your")	adıñıznı	adıñızlarnı
ularniği ("their")	adını	adılarnı
	dative
	singular	plural
miniği ("my")	adımqa	adımlarğa
siniği ("your")	adıñqa	adıñlarğa
aniği ("their")	adığa	adılarğa
piserniği ("our")	adımızqa	adımızlarğa
selerniği ("your")	adıñızqa	adıñızlarğa
ularniği ("their")	adığa	adılarğa
	locative
	singular	plural
miniği ("my")	adımda	adımlarda
siniği ("your")	adıñda	adıñlarda
aniği ("their")	adıda	adılarda
piserniği ("our")	adımızda	adımızlarda
selerniği ("your")	adıñızda	adıñızlarda
ularniği ("their")	adıda	adılarda
	ablative
	singular	plural
miniği ("my")	adımdan	adımlardan
siniği ("your")	adıñdan	adıñlardan
aniği ("their")	adıdan	adılardan
piserniği ("our")	adımızdan	adımızlardan
selerniği ("your")	adıñızdan	adıñızlardan
ularniği ("their")	adıdan	adılardan
	instrumental
	singular	plural
miniği ("my")	adımla	adımlarla
siniği ("your")	adıñla	adıñlarla
aniği ("their")	adıla	adılarla
piserniği ("our")	adımızla	adımızlarla
selerniği ("your")	adıñızla	adıñızlarla
ularniği ("their")	adıla	adılarla

References

^ She Xiu Cun (2015), p. 44, 57
^ Tenishev (1976)
^ She Xiu Cun (2015), p. 63
^ Tenishev (1976)
^ Yakup (2002), p. 32

Potanin, G.N. (1893), “миниң адимь Яхія дур”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian), page 433
Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “at, a:t”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 296
林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985), “ad”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎^[4], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 8
She, Xiu Cun (2015), “ɑt, ɑtʰ”, in 撒拉语语音研究 [Kunlun academic Series: Salar Phonetic Research]‎^[5], China: 上海大学出版社, →ISBN
Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “ad”, in 米娜瓦尔艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 3
马伟 (Ma Wei) (2016), “ad”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages - Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 青海师范大学 (Qinghai Normal University), Unpublished finalized project manuscript (国家社会科学基金项目结项稿, 定稿; National Social Science Fund of China), page 81
Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “a:d”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎^[6], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 32
“adını” in Ölmez, Mehmet (December 2012), “Oğuzların En Doğudaki Kolu: Salırlar ve Dilleri [The Easternmost Branch of the Oghuzs: Salars and Their Language]”, in Türk Dili (in Turkish), volume CII, number 732, pages 38-43

Sardinian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ad/, [að]

Preposition

ad

alternative form of a, sometimes used before vowels

References

Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964), “a²”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Sassarese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ad/

Preposition

ad

alternative form of a, found before a vowel
- 1866, “Cap. IV, 10 [Chapter 4, verse 10]”, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew]‎^[7] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), London, translation of Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, page 10:
  Allora Gesù li dizisi: Andaddinni, Satana: palchì è ilcrittu: Hai a adurà lu Signori Deju toju, e ad eddu solu hai a silvì.
  Then Jesus said to him: "Begone, Satan! For it is written "You shall adore the Lord your God, and Him alone you shall serve.""

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Borrowed from English hat (compare Irish hata).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [at̪]

Noun

ad f (genitive singular aide, plural adan or adaichean)

hat
ad a' bhile òir ― the gold-rimmed hat

bile na h-aide ― the rim of the hat

Sumerian

Romanization

ad

romanization of 𒀜 (ad)

Tarifit

Alternative forms

a — allomorph before clitics
ɣa — allomorph used in relative clauses, clefts and content questions

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Berber.

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Particle

ad m or f (Tifinagh spelling ⴰⴷ)

preverbal particle expressing nonrealized or future events
1. expresses simple future: will
  Ɛřaḥař ad uyureɣ. ― I will leave soon.
2. expresses a doubt, uncertainty or a wish
  A c-yesgenfa. ― He might heal you, he should heal you, I hope he heals you.

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish آد (ad, “name”), from Old Anatolian Turkish آد (ad, ād, “name”), from Proto-Turkic *āt (“name”). Compare Azerbaijani ad, Gagauz aad, Turkmen at.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑd/
Audio: (file)

Noun

ad (definite accusative adı, plural adlar)

name, first name, last name
- Adınız ne?
- Benim adım Mustafa.
- What is your name?
- My name is Mustafa.
noun
reputation, fame, name, repute

Declension

Declension of ad

	singular	plural
nominative	ad	adlar
definite accusative	adı	adları
dative	ada	adlara
locative	adda	adlarda
ablative	addan	adlardan
genitive	adın	adların

Possessive forms
nominative
	singular	plural
1st singular	adım	adlarım
2nd singular	adın	adların
3rd singular	adı	adları
1st plural	adımız	adlarımız
2nd plural	adınız	adlarınız
3rd plural	adları	adları
definite accusative
	singular	plural
1st singular	adımı	adlarımı
2nd singular	adını	adlarını
3rd singular	adını	adlarını
1st plural	adımızı	adlarımızı
2nd plural	adınızı	adlarınızı
3rd plural	adlarını	adlarını
dative
	singular	plural
1st singular	adıma	adlarıma
2nd singular	adına	adlarına
3rd singular	adına	adlarına
1st plural	adımıza	adlarımıza
2nd plural	adınıza	adlarınıza
3rd plural	adlarına	adlarına
locative
	singular	plural
1st singular	adımda	adlarımda
2nd singular	adında	adlarında
3rd singular	adında	adlarında
1st plural	adımızda	adlarımızda
2nd plural	adınızda	adlarınızda
3rd plural	adlarında	adlarında
ablative
	singular	plural
1st singular	adımdan	adlarımdan
2nd singular	adından	adlarından
3rd singular	adından	adlarından
1st plural	adımızdan	adlarımızdan
2nd plural	adınızdan	adlarınızdan
3rd plural	adlarından	adlarından
genitive
	singular	plural
1st singular	adımın	adlarımın
2nd singular	adının	adlarının
3rd singular	adının	adlarının
1st plural	adımızın	adlarımızın
2nd plural	adınızın	adlarınızın
3rd plural	adlarının	adlarının

Synonyms

Related terms

Veps

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ад (ad), from Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ), from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hāídēs).

Noun

ad

hell, underworld

Inflection

Inflection of ad (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	ad
genitive sing.	adun
partitive sing.	adud
partitive plur.	aduid
	singular	plural
nominative	ad	adud
accusative	adun	adud
genitive	adun	aduiden
partitive	adud	aduid
essive-instructive	adun	aduin
translative	aduks	aduikš

inessive	adus	aduiš
elative	aduspäi	aduišpäi
illative	aduhu	aduihe

adessive	adul	aduil
ablative	adulpäi	aduilpäi
allative	adule	aduile

abessive	aduta	aduita
comitative	adunke	aduidenke
prolative	adudme	aduidme

approximative I	adunno	aduidenno
approximative II	adunnoks	aduidennoks
egressive	adunnopäi	aduidennopäi

terminative I	aduhusai	aduihesai
terminative II	adulesai	aduilesai
terminative III	adussai	—

additive I	aduhupäi	aduihepäi
additive II	adulepäi	aduilepäi

References

Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “ад”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[8], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Vietnamese

Etymology

Borrowed from English ad.

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔaːt̚˧˦]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔaːk̚˦˥]
Phonetic spelling: át

Noun

ad

short for admin

Volapük

Preposition

ad

for, in order to, to
- 1937, “‚Johann Martin Schleyer’”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 34:
  Dü lif vobafulik oka ekanom tuvön timi ad studön pükis e dialegis 88 difikis, ed ad pläyön degtelati musigömas.
  During his working life, he managed to find the time to study 88 different languages and dialects, and to play twelve musical instruments.

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /aːd/

Verb

ad

soft mutation of gad

Mutation

Mutated forms of *gad*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gad	ad	ngad	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Yola

Etymology 1

Verb

ad

alternative form of hadh (“had”)
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, pages 78^[1]:
  Wich ad wough bethther kwingokee or baagchoosee vursth?
  Whether had we better churn or bake first?

Etymology 2

Preposition

ad

alternative form of adh
- 1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, lines 6^[2]:
  But zit ad hime wi vlaxen wheel,
  But sit at home with flaxen wheel,

References

^ Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867
^ Kathleen A. Browne (1927), “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎^[1], volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

[1] See notes on the reconstruction page.

[2] Entry #11 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

[3] Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2025.

[4] Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu (2020), The Phrygian Language (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 139), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, pages 156-157

[5] She Xiu Cun (2015), p. 44, 57

[6] Tenishev (1976)

[7] She Xiu Cun (2015), p. 63

[8] Tenishev (1976)

[9] Yakup (2002), p. 32

[10] Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867

[11] Kathleen A. Browne (1927), “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎^[1], volume 17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

[1]

[2]

[3]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[1]

[2]

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Preposition

Related terms

Anagrams

Alemannic German

Contraction

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Blagar

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Danish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Preposition

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Interjection

Synonyms

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun

Gagauz

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Hungarian

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Preposition

Usage notes

References

Further reading

Ido

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Derived terms

Related terms

See also

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Contraction

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Contraction

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Anagrams

Latin

Alternative forms