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蒸

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
蒸 U+84B8, 蒸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84B8
← 蒷
[U+84B7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蒹 →
[U+84B9]

Translingual

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Han character

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蒸 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 廿弓水火 (TNEF), four-corner 44331, composition ⿱艹烝)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1050, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31618
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1511, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3273, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+84B8

Chinese

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trad. 蒸
simp. # 蒸
2nd round simp. 炡
alternative forms 烝
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 蒸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (丞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蒸 *kljɯŋ
烝 *kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs
篜 *klɯŋ
脀 *kljɯŋ
拯 *kljɯŋʔ
氶 *kljɯŋʔ
承 *ɡljɯŋ
丞 *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs
巹 *klɯnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kljɯŋ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs).

Etymology

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For the "firewood" and "torch" senses, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *təŋ (“pine; fir”); compare Burmese ထင်း (htang:, “firewood”) (Schuessler, 2007).

For the "evaporate, steam" senses, see 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs) for more.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 蒸
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 煑仍切
Baxter tsying
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciŋ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhēng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蒸
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhēng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsying ›
Old
Chinese 		/*təŋ/
English twigs as firewood

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蒸
Reading # 1/1
No. 1406
Phonetic
component 		丞
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		蒸
Old
Chinese 		/*kljɯŋ/

Definitions

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蒸

  1. (literally) to evaporate (transition from a liquid state into a gaseous state)
  2. (cooking) to steam
    蒸餃／蒸饺  ―  zhēngjiǎo  ―  steamed dumplings
  3. (historical) torch made of hemp stalks or bamboo and wood
    蒸燭／蒸烛  ―  zhēngzhú  ―  ancient torch made of hemp stalks or bamboo
  4. (literary) small pieces of firewood
  5. used in 蒸蒸
  6. alternative form of 烝 (zhēng)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 蒸 (“to steam”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蒸
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蒸
Taiwan 蒸
Harbin 蒸
Singapore 蒸
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 蒸
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 蒸
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 蒸
Wanrong 蒸
Xi'an 蒸
Xuzhou 蒸
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 蒸
Lanzhou 蒸
Ürümqi 蒸
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 蒸
Wuhan 蒸
Guiyang 蒸
Guilin 蒸
Liuzhou 蒸
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蒸
Yangzhou 蒸
Cantonese Guangzhou 蒸
Hong Kong 蒸
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 蒸
Macau 蒸
Guangzhou (Panyu) 蒸
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 蒸
Guangzhou (Conghua) 蒸
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 炊, 蒸
Foshan 蒸
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 蒸
Foshan (Shunde) 蒸
Foshan (Sanshui) 蒸
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 蒸
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 蒸
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 蒸
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 蒸
Zhuhai (Doumen) 炊
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蒸
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 蒸
Taishan 炊
Kaiping (Chikan) 炊
Enping (Niujiang) 炊
Heshan (Yayao) 蒸
Dongguan 炊, 蒸
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 炊
Qingyuan 蒸
Fogang 蒸
Yingde (Hanguang) 蒸
Yangshan 蒸
Lianshan (Butian) 蒸
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 蒸
Shaoguan 蒸
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 蒸
Renhua 蒸
Lechang 蒸
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 蒸
Sihui 蒸
Guangning 蒸
Deqing 炊
Huaiji 蒸
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 蒸
Yunfu 炊
Xinxing 炊
Luoding 蒸
Yunan (Pingtai) 煮
Xinyi 蒸
Lianjiang 蒸
Nanning 蒸
Wuzhou 蒸, 炊
Yulin 蒸
Hepu (Lianzhou) 蒸
Singapore (Guangfu) 蒸
Gan Lichuan 蒸
Pingxiang 蒸
Hakka Meixian 蒸
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 蒸
Dongguan (Qingxi) 蒸
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 蒸
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 蒸
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 蒸
Yudu 蒸
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 蒸
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蒸
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 炊
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 炊
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 炊
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 炊
Luchuan (Daqiao) 蒸
Jin Taiyuan 蒸
Xinzhou 蒸
Northern Min Jian'ou 炊
Songxi 炊
Jianyang 炊
Eastern Min Fuzhou 炊
Fuqing 炊
Gutian 炊
Ningde 炊
Zhouning 炊
Fuding 炊
Matsu 炊
Southern Min Xiamen 炊
Quanzhou 炊
Yongchun 炊
Zhangzhou 炊
Taipei 炊
New Taipei (Sanxia) 炊
Kaohsiung 炊
Yilan 炊
Changhua (Lukang) 炊
Taichung 炊
Tainan 炊
Hsinchu 炊
Kinmen 炊
Penghu (Magong) 炊
Penang (Hokkien) 炊
Singapore (Hokkien) 炊
Manila (Hokkien) 炊
Longyan 炊
Zhangping (Yongfu) 炊
Datian 炊
Pingnan (Shangdu) 蒸
Chaozhou 炊
Shantou 炊
Shantou (Chaoyang) 炊
Singapore (Teochew) 炊
Leizhou 炊
Wenchang 蒸
Puxian Min Putian 炊
Xianyou 炊
Central Min Yong'an 炊
Sanming (Shaxian) 炊
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 蒸
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 蒸
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 蒸
Wu Shanghai 蒸
Shanghai (Chongming) 蒸
Danyang 蒸
Ningbo 熯, 蒸, 炊 rare
Wenzhou 蒸, 炊
Jinhua 蒸, 熯, 炊
Xiang Changsha 蒸
Quanzhou 蒸

See also

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Compounds

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References

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  • “蒸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “蒸”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 262.

Japanese

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Kanji

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蒸

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. steam; vapor
  2. steamy; sultry
  3. numerous; various, varied

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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蒸 (eumhun 찔 증 (jjil jeung))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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蒸: Hán Việt readings: chưng
蒸: Nôm readings: chưng, trưng, chừng

  1. chữ Hán form of chưng (“to distill”)
  2. chữ Hán form of chưng (“(in compounds) to steam”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of chưng (“(obsolete) in; on; at”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of chưng (“(obsolete) due to; because”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of chưng
    1. (obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) Used as an equivalent to 之, 於/于, 夫, 凡, or 諸 (contracted from 之於 / 之于).
      1. of (belonging to)
        Synonym: của
        • 父子之綱、又安在㢤。 [Vietnamese Literary Sinitic, trad.]
          From: 《新編傳奇漫錄》
          Phụ tử chi cương, hựu an tại tai? [Sino-Vietnamese]
          The bond (relationship) of father and son, where is it now?
        • 1763, 新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註 [Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú, Newly Edited Collection of Truyền kỳ mạn lục with Supplemented Annotations, Phonetic Explanations, and Collected Notes]‎[2], volume 1 (in Vietnamese), page 13a:
          蒸𦀚吒昆、吏於兠丕台。
          Chưng giềng cha con, lại ở đâu vậy thay?
          The bond (relationship) of father and son, where is it now?
      2. in; at
        Synonym: ở
        • 難轉難廻徃徃漂沉于苦海 [Vietnamese Literary Sinitic, trad.]
          From: 《課虛録》
          Nan chuyển nan hồi vãng vãng phiêu trầm vu khổ hải. [Sino-Vietnamese]
          Difficult to turn, difficult to return, constantly sinking in the sea of suffering.
        • 13th century, 太宗皇帝御製課虛録 [Thái Tông hoàng đế ngự chế khoá hư lục]‎[3], upper volume (in Vietnamese), page 6a:
          坤轉身坤𧗱頭，恒〱調𤐝溂蒸凖𣷭庫。
          Khôn chuyển thân khôn về đầu, hằng hằng đều trôi dạt chưng chốn bể khó.
          Difficult to turn back the body, difficult to return to the beginning, constantly drifting and sinking in the sea of suffering.
      3. pronoun; that
        • 若夫天曹之遊，其有其無，何必深辨。 [Vietnamese Literary Sinitic, trad.]
          From: 《新編傳奇漫錄》
          Nhược phù thiên tào chi du, kỳ hữu kỳ vô, hà tất thâm biện? [Sino-Vietnamese]
          As for that [matter], [going up to] play in the celestial office, whether it exists or does not exist, why one must dispute deeply about that?
        • 1763, 新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註 [Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú, Newly Edited Collection of Truyền kỳ mạn lục with Supplemented Annotations, Phonetic Explanations, and Collected Notes]‎[4], volume 2 (in Vietnamese), page 78a:
          朋烝制准天曹，所固所空，牢乙瀋盤泊。
          Bằng chưng chơi chốn thiên tào, thửa có thửa không, sao ắt thẳm bàn bạc?
          As for that [matter], [going up to] play in the celestial office, whether it exists or does not exist, why one must discuss this so deeply?
      4. sentence-initial particle
        • 夫政也者，蒲盧也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
          夫政也者，蒲卢也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
          From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
          Phù chính dã giả, bồ lô dã. [Pinyin]
          Moreover, their government might be called an easily-growing rush.
        • 1839, 四書約解中庸解國音義增補大全備旨 [Tứ thư ước giải Trung Dung giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ, Concise Explanations of the Four Books: Explanation of the Doctrine of the Mean in National Pronunciation with Meanings, Supplementary Additions, and a Complete Compilation of Essential Points]‎[5], volume 2 (in Vietnamese), page 17a:
          蒸政意丕，易𢧚如𣘃蒲盧丕。
          Chưng chính ấy vậy, dễ nên như cây bồ lô vậy.
          Oh, that government indeed, [it] easily grows like the reeds.
      5. altogether
        • 凡四十一章 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
          From: 《論語》
          Phàm tứ thập nhất chương. [Pinyin]
          In total, forty-one chapters.
        • 1839, 四書約解論語解國音義增補大全備旨 [Tứ thư ước giải Luận ngữ giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ, Concise Explanations of the Four Books: Explanation of the Analects in National Pronunciation with Meanings, Supplementary Additions, and a Complete Compilation of Essential Points]‎[6], volume 10 (in Vietnamese), page 1a:
          蒸𦊚𨒒蔑章
          Chưng bốn mươi mốt chương.
          In total, forty-one chapters.
      6. onto, upon, into
        • 反求諸己 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
          反求诸己 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
          From: 《孟子》
          Phản cầu chư kỷ. [Pinyin]
          Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.
        • 1888, 明心寶鑑釋義 [Minh tâm bảo giám thích nghĩa, Explanation of the Mingxin baojian]‎[7] (in Vietnamese), page 57a:
          責吏烝𠇮
          Trách lại chưng mình.
          Let him turn and self-reflect upon himself.
      7. weak demonstrative
        • 潜覬其所為。 [Vietnamese Literary Sinitic, trad.]
          From: 《新編傳奇漫錄》
          Tiềm ký kỳ sở vi. [Sino-Vietnamese]
          Secretly looking at what they were doing.
        • 1774, 新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註 [Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú, Newly Edited Collection of Truyền kỳ mạn lục with Supplemented Annotations, Phonetic Explanations, and Collected Notes]‎[8], volume 3 (in Vietnamese), page 39b:
          耨𥉰蒸所𫜵之。
          Náu dòm chưng thửa làm chi.
          Secretly looking at what they were doing.

Compounds

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