Papers by Pawel Jastreboff
PubMed, 1978
Some of structural and functional analogs of juvenile hormones are now under field examinations a... more Some of structural and functional analogs of juvenile hormones are now under field examinations as growth inhibitors of some pest-insect populations. So far however very little is known about the possible interference of these compounds with mammalian cells or organisms. In this research the interference of a synthetic preparation of the insect C18 juvenile hormone with mouse embryo fibroblasts (ME-cells) and mouse cells of an established line (L-cells) was studied. Aliquots of juvenile hormone solution or those of the solvent (DMSO plus ethanol, 9:1) were included into the culture medium and after defined times of contact the cells were tested for their morphology, pattern of growth, proliferation rate and viability. The data for the parameters under examination were evaluated by means of the analysis of variance and checked by the Tuckey test. The sensitivity of ME-cells and L-cells to the agent tested was compared by means of the analysis of variance of the data for mitotic indices of these cells and by evaluation of the number of dead cells in cultures under the particular conditions of the experiments. The main findings can be summarized as follows: 1. Cells of both types are evidently more sensitive to juvenile hormone than to the solvent. 2. ME-cells are more sensitive to both agents than are L-cells. 3. The concentrations of the hormone in the medium required to evoked the cytocidal effect on the mouse cells similarly as those affecting some insect non-target cells were far above concentrations found in insect blood, but they were of the same order of magnitude as those used in physiological experiments with insect organs in vitro.
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Aug 1, 1996
Experimental Brain Research, Feb 1, 1979
Adaptability of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR) and the optokinetic response (OKR) ... more Adaptability of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR) and the optokinetic response (OKR) was examined in alert albino rabbits during sustained runs lasting 5-12 h under four different stimulus conditions. (1) Sinusoidal rotation of the rabbit in darkness by 5 ~ at 1/10 Hz, or (2) sinusoidal movement of a vertical slit light by 2.5 ~ or 5 ~ at 1/10 Hz around the optical axis of the stationary rabbit, affected the gain of neither the HVOR nor the OKR. (3) Combination of the stimulus as in (1) with the stationary slit light increased the gain of the HVOR gradually. A plateau at about 140 % of the initial control was reached in 5 h. (4) Combination of the stimulus as in (1) with the slit light movement by 10 ~ in phase with the turntable decreased the HVOR gain gradually, a plateau being obtained at about 70 % of the initial control in 5 h. Changes of the HVOR gain induced in conditions (3) and (4) were not frequency-specific and accompanied by no significant modification of either the gain or phase of the OKR or the linear property of HVOR-OKR interaction. A small but significant change of the HVOR phase was also detected under the condition (3) but not (4).
Audiology and Neuro-otology, 1997
The effects of an extract from Ginkgo biloba, EGb 761, on tinnitus were tested using an animal mo... more The effects of an extract from Ginkgo biloba, EGb 761, on tinnitus were tested using an animal model of tinnitus. Daily oral administration of EGb 761 in doses from 10 to 100 mg/ kg/day began 2 weeks before behavioral procedures and continued until the end of the experiment. Tinnitus was induced by daily administration of 321 mg/kg sodium salicylate s.c. (corresponding to 275 mg/kg/day of salicylate acid) in fourteen groups of pigmented rats, 6 animals/group. The results from salicylate- and EGb-761-treated animals were compared to control groups receiving either salicylate, saline, or EGb 761 only in doses of 100 mg/kg. Administration of EGb 761 resulted in a statistically significant decrease of the behavioral manifestation of tinnitus for doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/ day.Copyright © 1997 S. Karger AG, Basel
Neuroscience Letters, Oct 1, 1980
Retrograde influence of cerebellar cortical lesions upon neurons of the inferior olive was examin... more Retrograde influence of cerebellar cortical lesions upon neurons of the inferior olive was examined in albino rabbits after survival for 2 weeks. Ablation of the flocculus on one side induced a cell loss by 41 °7o accompanied by a size reduction of as much as 2707o in the contralateral dorsal cap, the source of climbing fiber afferents to the flocculus. By contrast, after destruction of flocculus Purkinje cells with local injections of 0.1 070 kainic acid-saline solution, there was no retrograde cell loss in the dorsal cap. However, a slight reduction in cell size (less than 10070) was noted.
Archives of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery, Oct 1, 1986
After intraperitoneal administration of salicylate in anesthetized rats and guinea pigs, we found... more After intraperitoneal administration of salicylate in anesthetized rats and guinea pigs, we found that salicylate levels in perilymph (PL) are closely related to both drug levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in serum, with higher levels systematically observed in PL than in CSF. Further analysis suggests that salicylate is not passively transported into PL across CSF but, rather, is transported from blood directly to PL. The time course of salicylate uptake in rats reveals maximum levels at 1 1/2 hours (serum) and two to four hours (CSF and PL). On the other hand, salicylate uptake into serum and CSF of guinea pigs exhibits a longer time course, with maximum levels reached at four hours (serum) and five hours (CSF). These data, not previously available, are basic to our understanding of salicylate-related auditory effects.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2015
Current research on blast and other injuries sustained by United States Service members and Veter... more Current research on blast and other injuries sustained by United States Service members and Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars reveals a multitude of auditory complaints linked to exposures experienced during these conflicts. Among these complaints is decreased sound tolerance, which refers to a class of auditory-related problems including physical and/or psychological reactions to aspects of everyday sounds. Limited attention has been given to the possible relationship between blast exposure and decreased sound tolerance in Service members and Veterans, which is the purpose of this report. Baseline data were gathered and analyzed from 426 Service members (n = 181) and Veterans (n = 245) who participated in the Noise Outcomes in Servicemembers Epidemiology (NOISE) Study. Logistic regression analyses were performed to generate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each group, adjusted for age and sex. Of those who reported blast exposure, 33% of Service members (adjusted OR = 1.4; CI = 0.7-2.8) and 48% of Veterans (adjusted OR = 1.9; CI = 1.1-3.3) reported decreased sound tolerance. Among Service members and Veterans who did not report blast exposure, 28% and 34% respectively, also reported decreased sound tolerance. Overall, blast exposure increased the likelihood of participants reporting decreased sound tolerance. The strength of this association was significant in Veterans.
Seminars in Hearing, Apr 29, 2014
Decreased sound tolerance (DST) is an underappreciated condition that affects the lives of a sign... more Decreased sound tolerance (DST) is an underappreciated condition that affects the lives of a significant portion of the general population. There is lack of agreement regarding definitions, specific components, prevalence, methods of evaluation, and methods of treatment. Limited data are available on the results of treatments. Research is scant and constrained by the lack of an animal model. This article proposes a definition of DST and its division into hyperacusis and misophonia. The potential mechanisms of these phenomena are outlined, and the results of treatment performed at Emory University are presented. Out of 201 patients with DST, 165 (82%) showed significant improvement. Of 56 patients with hyperacusis (with or without misophonia), 45 (80%) showed significant improvement. This proportion was higher for the group with hyperacusis and concurrent misophonia (33 of 39, or 85%) and lower for patients with hyperacusis only (13 of 17, or 76%). Effectiveness of treatment for misophonia with or without hyperacusis was identical (152 of 184, 83% and 139 of 167, 83%, respectively, for misophonia accompanied by hyperacusis and for misophonia only). Even with current limited knowledge of DST, it is possible to propose specific mechanisms of hyperacusis and misophonia and, based on these mechanisms, to offer treatments in accordance with the neurophysiological model of tinnitus. These treatments are part of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT), which is aimed at concurrently treating tinnitus and DST and alleviating the effects of hearing loss. High effectiveness of the proposed treatments support the postulated mechanisms.
Brain Research, Sep 1, 1980
In albino rabbits the visual mossy fiber pathway to the cerebellar flocculus was interrupted by p... more In albino rabbits the visual mossy fiber pathway to the cerebellar flocculus was interrupted by placing lesions in the nucleus reticularis tegmenti points (NRTP). After recovery of more than 3 days, eye movements were tested by means of a television eye tracking system. The optokinetic response (OKR) in one eye was induced by sinusoidally moving a vertical slit light on the horizontal plane(2.5 degrees peak-to-peak amplitude) at 0.17-0.033 Hz in front of that eye. In rabbits with unilateral NRTP lesions, the OKR gain was reduced significantly in the eye contralateral to lesions, whereas that in the ipsilateral eye did not differ from control rabbits. The horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR) exhibited no change attributable to NRTP lesions. The operated rabbits were rotated (5 degrees peak-to-peak amplitude) at 0.1 Hz continuously for 3h, while the slit light was presented to the eye contralateral to the NRTP lesions. During the rotation, the HVOR gain in the test eye increased adaptively as in control rabbits. It is concluded that the visual mossy fiber pathway to the flocculus contributes to the OKR, but not to visually-guided adaptive modification of the HVOR.
Studies in computational intelligence, 2017
Following the dataset preprocessing, the next step in implementing RECTIN is classification modul... more Following the dataset preprocessing, the next step in implementing RECTIN is classification module development. The classification module will use a model built on historical patients’ data, in order to support physicians in suggesting optimal treatment approach for new patients. Categorization is rather easy and relatively broad. However, a specific approach within each category varies. Before implementing this module, it is necessary to extract new, useful features and conduct experiments in order to obtain the most accurate classifier on the prepared dataset. It is assumed to reiterate the step of feature development in order to obtain the best combination of feature extraction/selection method and the prediction method. This involves the calibration and tuning of prediction methods, as well as comparing them and evaluating in terms of accuracy, F-score and confusion matrix.
Studies in computational intelligence, 2017
This book presented a process of analysis, design and prototype implementation of RECTIN recommen... more This book presented a process of analysis, design and prototype implementation of RECTIN recommender system, as a solution to the problem of supporting tinnitus treatment based on Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in a medical facility. Proposed approach in supporting physicians’ diagnosis and treatment decisions addresses scarcity of expert knowledge, time restrictions in today’s medical practice and the need for more efficient evaluation of different treatment methods. Such system can provide accurate support at any time, with full consideration of individual patient profiles, including: demographics, medical history, and tinnitus background.
Studies in computational intelligence, 2017
Experiments on action rules, described in the previous section, did not consider temporal depende... more Experiments on action rules, described in the previous section, did not consider temporal dependencies between patient's visits (that is, at what relative point in timeline particular actions were taken). On the other hand, it would be effective to search for temporal dependencies between particular treatment actions and their observable results in the form of changed score denoting tinnitus severity. New approach should allow to assess treatment action effectiveness in temporal terms and consider their sequence. For example, some actions might take effect after some time elapse and not be effective in the short-term. 9.1 Methodology In order to address issues, as mentioned in discussion of the previous chapter, a new attribute, suitable for the succedent part of relevant patterns for action rule, was developed, so that to label particular treatment actions, in terms of their effectiveness, in an adequate way.
Studies in computational intelligence, 2017
This chapter aims at providing an overview of RS technology, describing different types of RS, wi... more This chapter aims at providing an overview of RS technology, describing different types of RS, with emphasis on choosing the right approach for the system supporting tinnitus treatment and justifying particular choice. Current generation of recommendation methods is presented in division to four main categories: collaborative, content-based, knowledge-based, hybrid.
Studies in computational intelligence, 2017
This chapter describes the application of decision and action rules mining to the problem area of... more This chapter describes the application of decision and action rules mining to the problem area of tinnitus treatment and characterization. The chapter presents the process of a Tinnitus Retraining Therapy treatment protocol, which is to be automatized with classification and action rules. The tinnitus dataset collected at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, as well as preprocessing steps performed on the data are described. Next, a series of experiments on association and action rule extraction are presented. Selected outcome rules are listed in a form of medical hypotheses. An analysis and interpretation of sample rules are provided together with their validation in accordance with expert medical knowledge.
To conduct data mining, we often need to collect data from various parties. Privacy concerns may ... more To conduct data mining, we often need to collect data from various parties. Privacy concerns may prevent the parties from directly sharing the data and some types of information about the data. How multiple parties collaboratively conduct data mining without breaching data privacy presents a challenge. The goal of this chapter is to provide solutions for privacy-preserving k-nearest neighbor classification, which is one of the data mining tasks. Our goal is to obtain accurate data mining results without disclosing private data. We propose a formal definition of privacy and show that our solutions preserve data privacy. IGI PUBLISHING This paper appears in the publication, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Technologies edited by D. Taniar © 2008, IGI Global 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.igi-global.com ITB15225
Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2003
Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) is a structured method of tinnitus treatment that has been perf... more Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) is a structured method of tinnitus treatment that has been performed since 1990. The TRT Initial Interview form was developed to guide clinicians in obtaining essential information from patients that would specify treatment needs. The TRT Follow-up Interview form is similar to the initial interview form and is designed to evaluate outcomes of treatment. The clinician administers these forms verbally. The forms have been used in a highly abbreviated format with the potential for inconsistent interview administration between examiners. This project was to expand the forms to provide specific wording for each question. The expanded forms are presented in this article, and the intent of each question is explained. Standardized administration of these interview forms will facilitate greater uniformity in the initial evaluation and outcomes analyses of patients treated with TRT.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jun 1, 1989
We used quantitative electron microscopy to determine the effect of precocious visual experience ... more We used quantitative electron microscopy to determine the effect of precocious visual experience on the time course, magnitude, and pattern of perinatal synaptic overproduction in the primary visual cortex of the rhesus monkey. Fetuses were delivered by caesarean section 3 weeks before term, exposed to normal light intensity and day/night cycles, and killed within the first postnatal month, together with age-matched controls that were delivered at term. We found that premature visual stimulation does not affect the rate of synaptic accretion and overproduction. Both of these processes proceed in relation to the time of conception rather than to the time of delivery. In contrast, the size, type, and laminar distribution of synapses were significantly different between preterm and control infants. The changes and differences in these parameters correlate with the duration of visual stimulation and become less pronounced with age. If visual experience in infancy influences the maturation of the visual cortex, it must do so predominantly by strengthening, modifying, and/or eliminating synapses that have already been formed, rather than by regulating the rate of synapse production.
International Journal of Audiology, 1993
Electrical stimulation through a round window electrode has been evaluated in 9 patients with uni... more Electrical stimulation through a round window electrode has been evaluated in 9 patients with unilateral deafness and severe tinnitus. Three subjects were permanently implanted with positive long lasting results. Analysis of the threshold of sound perception, tinnitus suppression and auditory discomfort levels as a function of current frequency revealed the advantage of low frequency stimulation. In 2 patients the loudness of electrically evoked sound perception was balanced against tones in the hearing ear. Our results can be interpreted as indicating that processes other than auditory masking are responsible for electrical tinnitus suppression.
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Papers by Pawel Jastreboff