The article presents the annotated almanacs of the Ottoman-language interpreter Dávid Rozsnyai. T... more The article presents the annotated almanacs of the Ottoman-language interpreter Dávid Rozsnyai. These annotations mark a series of events and deeds noted by the interpreter that fill in the blanks of his biography, as it appears in the rest of his ego-documents (journal, memoirs, autobiography), covering the years of his life for which we also have very few information from other sources. From 1708, in his almanacs start to appear annotations written by his son, Sámuel. At the beginning, the youngster uses the pages left blank to practice his writing and translation skills, to draw and imitate the printed text. Later on, Sámuel starts to write his own annotations and, eventually, he “translates” into writing the annotations dictated by his father, together with drafts of letters, probably also dictated by the senior Rozsnyai. These joint annotated almanacs not only mark the passing of time and the merging of memories, but also become instruments of memory and remembrance. The annotations also show the common practice of writing inside the family and its common mentality towards writing and familial ego-documents.
The Narratives on the Seizing of the Calvinist Church in Miklósvár/Micloşoara Keywords: Miklósvár... more The Narratives on the Seizing of the Calvinist Church in Miklósvár/Micloşoara Keywords: Miklósvár/Micloşoara, Protestants, collective memory, confession change The paper collects the narratives on the seizing of the Calvinist church in Miklósvár/Micloşoara and the forced confession change of the local community in the 18th century. The sources gathered show that the situation of the Calvinist of Miklósvár repeatedly gained public attention during the 18th century, through various written requests letters, public hearings and ecclesiastical history works. These sources not only document the facts but also show how this event became part of the community’s collective memory and was later transformed, after its de-personalization, into a place of memory
Tanulmányom középpontjában egy olyan halotti beszéd áll, amelynek létezéséről, úgy tűnik, nem tud... more Tanulmányom középpontjában egy olyan halotti beszéd áll, amelynek létezéséről, úgy tűnik, nem tud a szakirodalom, nem szerepel sem az RMK, sem az RMNY tételei között, más ismert példányáról mindezidáig nincs tudomásom. A szöveg szerzője Tarpai Szilágyi András, 1623-ban vagy 1624-ben született Tarpán, református lelkész, tanár, író. Tarpai Debrecenben kezdte tanulmányait, 1 1649-ben Utrechtben, majd 1651-ben Leidenben tanult, időközben pedig Franekerben 2 is megfordult. 3 Pénzes Tiborc arról is beszámol, hogy Hentes Mihállyal és Enyedi Sámuellel lehetett kapcsolatban külföldi tanulmányútja során. 4 Hazatérve 1653-ban a váradi kollégium logika tanára volt, 5 1654-ben bihari lelkipásztor, 6 majd 1655-től ismét Váradon tanárkodik. 7 Ezt követően 1658-ban Sárospatakon, majd 1659-1668 között Ungváron lelkészkedett, ahol Komjáthy szerint "a megyei prot. hivatalnokokból erős prezsbitériumot szervezve, tekintélyt és közbecsülést vívott ki egyháza részére", 8 Ungváron esperes is lett. Pénzes szerint "itt kapcsolódott be az ellenreformáció elleni küzdelembe", 9 végül pedig élete végén 1669-től 1676-ig Fogarason volt pap. 10 Erről az időszakról több adat maradt fenn Rétyi Péter naplójában. 11
Tanulmányom középpontjában egy olyan kora újkori erdélyi nemesasszony, Kálnoki Borbála áll, akihe... more Tanulmányom középpontjában egy olyan kora újkori erdélyi nemesasszony, Kálnoki Borbála áll, akihez nem a gondos háziasszony, hű feleség, gondoskodó anya, illetve bőkezű patrónus címek fűződnek, mint kortársaihoz általában, hanem makacsságát, összeférhetetlen természetét és erős egyéniségét örökítették meg a korabeli források, melyek közül a legismertebbek történetíró férje, Apor Péter végrendeletei. A kora újkori erdélyi nemesasszonyokról-ha nem tartoztak a fejedelmi udvarhoz vagy a vezető arisztokrácia körébe-igencsak kevés információ maradt fenn: a családi levéltárakból, halotti beszédekből vagy végrendeletekből, könyvleltárakból 1 gyűjthetünk össze információkat róluk, ezenkívül néha egy-egy napló, emlékirat örökítette meg őket. A családi levelezéstöredékek felvillantják a nemesasszonyok mindennapjainak egy-egy szeletét: főleg birtokigazgatással kapcsolatos kérdések, betegségek és gyógymódok, ételreceptek, vásárlás, mindennapi tevékenységeik, politikai és közéleti hírek jelennek meg a levelekben. 2 A halotti prédikációkból 3 és a végrendeletek
Felelős kiadó BIRÓ ANNAMÁRIA Lektorálta GÁBOR CSILLA Korrektúra ANDRÁS ZSELYKE Műszaki szerkeszté... more Felelős kiadó BIRÓ ANNAMÁRIA Lektorálta GÁBOR CSILLA Korrektúra ANDRÁS ZSELYKE Műszaki szerkesztés, tördelés BODÓ ZALÁN Borítóterv DRAGOŞ BLAGA Nyomdai munkálatok GLORIA, Kolozsvár Felelős vezető NAGY PÉTER Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României PAPP, KINGA Tollforgató Kálnokiak : családi íráshasználat a 17-18. századi Erdélyben / Papp Kinga.
My paper examines the documents pertaining to the life of a stepfamily made through divorce in se... more My paper examines the documents pertaining to the life of a stepfamily made through divorce in seventeenth-century Transylvania. The focus is on the interfamilial relationships before and after the divorce. I examine the ways in which the attitude of the father, Dávid Rozsnyai, toward his first wife and children changed during the divorce and after formation of a new family. I also consider how the appearance of the new family members (second wife, half-siblings) affected the equilibrium within the family. My analysis shows that in Early Modern Transylvania there were social and personal customs involving the assignment of social positions to both adult and child members of a family broken by divorce, which facilitated the integration of these families into the community. The scattered family documents and witness hearings show that the divorced father ensured, through his testament and other documents, that the two sons from the two different marriages would share inherited wealth ...
ANDRÁS TARPAI SZILÁGYI’S UNKNOWN FUNERAL ORATION:
’JÓL MEGHALÁSNAK MESTERSÉGE’
Keywords: puritani... more ANDRÁS TARPAI SZILÁGYI’S UNKNOWN FUNERAL ORATION: ’JÓL MEGHALÁSNAK MESTERSÉGE’ Keywords: puritanism, funeral oraƟ on, ars moriendi, ars in Deo vivere, Tarpai Szilágyi András The paper focuses on the puritan priest, András Tarpai Szilágyi’s funeral oration: Jól meg halásnak mestersége, presented in 1659 at the funeral of Moktsai Balázs and printed (published) at Kassa in 1668. Until now, Tarpai’s work was unknown. T e oration presents the condition of dying well – based on the puritan ethics and pietism.
Saint Ladislaus Day’s Oration at the University of Vienna and Ádám
Kálnoki ’s Bellator Pacificus ... more Saint Ladislaus Day’s Oration at the University of Vienna and Ádám Kálnoki ’s Bellator Pacificus
The paper focuses on Kálnoki Ádám’s oration Bellator Pacificus Divus Hungariae Rex Ladislaus, presented in 1699 and published in Vienna in the same year. The work is remarkable due to its organic connection to a tradition upheld since 1415 by the Natio Hungarica from the University of Vienna; the annual celebration of Hungary’s Builder, Strengthener of the State and Holy King, Saint Ladislaus. In this ceremony, after the Holy Mass, a festive declamation is presented by a specially chosen student, a Hungarian nobleman. Before Kálnoki this oration was given by illustrious predecessors like the poet Miklós Zrínyi or members of the Esterházy, Erdődy and Csáky families.
Forms of Self-representation in Apor István’s Letter Book
Keywords: Apor István, letters, corresp... more Forms of Self-representation in Apor István’s Letter Book Keywords: Apor István, letters, correspondence, simulatio, dissimulatio
The paper analyzes the letter book compiled by Apor István, the Transylvania’s treasurer, which contains the copies of the letters sent to Vienna between 1696–1701. After a short presentation of the manuscript, the research focuses on the letters sent by Apor István to the Hungarian noblemen in Vienna. It centers on the self-representation, the simulation and dissimulation towards some of the letters’ recipients, the evaluation of self-activity and also some descriptions of his contemporaries. The letters reveal the powerful nobleman, humble and shrewd, ironic and pious, who tries to find the appropriate voices for the various situations and people, representing himself according to social expectations. His letters are a good example of the political discourse through which the author identifies himself through religion, the relationship with his country and his contemporaries. Due to his dominant character, and the suspicious financial activities, Apor repeatedly needed to improve his own image through simulation and dissimulation. to this aim he used not only his letters but also his influence, convincing other people to act in his favor.
The aim of my paper is an insight on the ego-documents of the Transylvanian vice-chancellor, Káln... more The aim of my paper is an insight on the ego-documents of the Transylvanian vice-chancellor, Kálnoki Sámuel (1640-1706). He left a series of texts, of both public and private type. Upon starting its chancellorship, he left to his spouse a so-called Rulebook of the Court. He also wrote a large number of notes in a Calendarium, an extension to the Chronicle of Pethő Gergely, fragments of his correspondence with members of his family and other contemporaries and, not the least, a fragment of a testament. Based on these documents, we can outline the role writing has in his life, at the time he is vice-chancellor, the habits that influence the writing and the use of the texts, the customs that regulate his attitude both towards the writing as an activity in itself and also towards his own written texts.
The flight of Kálnoki Judit (Letters from the life of 18th century Kálnoki family)
The paper pre... more The flight of Kálnoki Judit (Letters from the life of 18th century Kálnoki family)
The paper presents the story of Kálnoki Judit, a wife who cheated on and left her husband, seeking the links of the event with the literary history. The story is based on information gathered from documents found in the Kálnoki family Archive, a separated fascicle named “The Petkiné Case”. In this part of the archive 41 letters and a testimonies’ interrogation report were found, written between 1750 and 1769. The letters and the report show that Kálnoki Judit left her husband for the second time and, accompanied by her lover, tried to flee out of the country but failed. After these events, she flees to Miklósvár, and from there to Wallachia. After some time due to the reconciliation attempts made by her uncle, Kálnoki Antal, Kálnoki Judit returned to her husband; but after another fleeing attempt they separated. The letters are sent to Kálnoki Antal, the eldest of the family (Kálnoki Judit’s father being dead) notifying him of the events. Among the senders we can find the defendant Kálnoki Judit, her husband, Petki István, the priest from Miklósvár, other witnesses relating the events and the feminine relatives expressing their anger. Another eight peasants were questioned about the woman’s flight and the report containing their answers was sent to Kálnoki Antal. The woman’s case is well-known and discussed at the time, being mentioned also in the Memoirs of Rettegi György.
Kálnoki Sámuel neve a kora újkori Erdéllyel foglalkozók számára nem idegen csengésű, azonban szem... more Kálnoki Sámuel neve a kora újkori Erdéllyel foglalkozók számára nem idegen csengésű, azonban személye nem tartozik a legnépszerűbb erdélyi nemesek közé. Népszerűtlensége karrierje alakulásából fakad, ugyanis katolikus felekezetű székely nemesként a császári udvar vonzáskörébe került. Nevét leginkább bécsi kancellárhelyettesi pozíciójával, a Katolikus Státus és Apor István tevékenységével kapcsolják össze, valamint Bethlen Miklós pápista ellenfeleként szokás említeni, akiről Bethlen "omnium bipedum vanissimus"-ként vall, 1 és "vallásüldözés, részegség, paráznaság, fösvénység, hazugság és csaknem elfutó bolondság lelkétől elfoglaltatott" 2 emberként jellemzi. Azonban a politikai karrier és a katolikus restauráció támogatása mellett életében a könyveknek is jutott némi szerep.
The paper proposes an analysis of the use of Matthias Corvinus’ image in the XVIIIth century base... more The paper proposes an analysis of the use of Matthias Corvinus’ image in the XVIIIth century based on a manuscript play, written in Latin, entitled Mathias Corvinus, performed in the Academy of Buda in 1772. The author of the play is a Jesuit professor, the future bishop, József Martonfi. The source of the play was also a Jesuit work, Notitia rerrum hungarorum, written by Károly Ferenc Palma. Having briefly presented the author, the historical source and the play’s structure, the analysis will try to demonstrate that though the drama represents the imprisonment of the young Mátyás in Podiebrad’s court, his escape and election as a king, it is in fact the story of a young man’s rise to maturity. Matthias, as a historical character, is actually an instrument; the main character could have been any other historical or real person. But the use of a Hungarian historical character could be interpreted as the Jesuits’ self defense in face of the charges brought against them. The story of the main character had an educative role, illustrating that even the greatest heroes had been weak and discouraged, and it was meant to suggest to the pupils and the public that it is worth holding on to their principles and goals. Thus, the drama offers historical and moral teaching at the same time.
The article presents the annotated almanacs of the Ottoman-language interpreter Dávid Rozsnyai. T... more The article presents the annotated almanacs of the Ottoman-language interpreter Dávid Rozsnyai. These annotations mark a series of events and deeds noted by the interpreter that fill in the blanks of his biography, as it appears in the rest of his ego-documents (journal, memoirs, autobiography), covering the years of his life for which we also have very few information from other sources. From 1708, in his almanacs start to appear annotations written by his son, Sámuel. At the beginning, the youngster uses the pages left blank to practice his writing and translation skills, to draw and imitate the printed text. Later on, Sámuel starts to write his own annotations and, eventually, he “translates” into writing the annotations dictated by his father, together with drafts of letters, probably also dictated by the senior Rozsnyai. These joint annotated almanacs not only mark the passing of time and the merging of memories, but also become instruments of memory and remembrance. The annotations also show the common practice of writing inside the family and its common mentality towards writing and familial ego-documents.
The Narratives on the Seizing of the Calvinist Church in Miklósvár/Micloşoara Keywords: Miklósvár... more The Narratives on the Seizing of the Calvinist Church in Miklósvár/Micloşoara Keywords: Miklósvár/Micloşoara, Protestants, collective memory, confession change The paper collects the narratives on the seizing of the Calvinist church in Miklósvár/Micloşoara and the forced confession change of the local community in the 18th century. The sources gathered show that the situation of the Calvinist of Miklósvár repeatedly gained public attention during the 18th century, through various written requests letters, public hearings and ecclesiastical history works. These sources not only document the facts but also show how this event became part of the community’s collective memory and was later transformed, after its de-personalization, into a place of memory
Tanulmányom középpontjában egy olyan halotti beszéd áll, amelynek létezéséről, úgy tűnik, nem tud... more Tanulmányom középpontjában egy olyan halotti beszéd áll, amelynek létezéséről, úgy tűnik, nem tud a szakirodalom, nem szerepel sem az RMK, sem az RMNY tételei között, más ismert példányáról mindezidáig nincs tudomásom. A szöveg szerzője Tarpai Szilágyi András, 1623-ban vagy 1624-ben született Tarpán, református lelkész, tanár, író. Tarpai Debrecenben kezdte tanulmányait, 1 1649-ben Utrechtben, majd 1651-ben Leidenben tanult, időközben pedig Franekerben 2 is megfordult. 3 Pénzes Tiborc arról is beszámol, hogy Hentes Mihállyal és Enyedi Sámuellel lehetett kapcsolatban külföldi tanulmányútja során. 4 Hazatérve 1653-ban a váradi kollégium logika tanára volt, 5 1654-ben bihari lelkipásztor, 6 majd 1655-től ismét Váradon tanárkodik. 7 Ezt követően 1658-ban Sárospatakon, majd 1659-1668 között Ungváron lelkészkedett, ahol Komjáthy szerint "a megyei prot. hivatalnokokból erős prezsbitériumot szervezve, tekintélyt és közbecsülést vívott ki egyháza részére", 8 Ungváron esperes is lett. Pénzes szerint "itt kapcsolódott be az ellenreformáció elleni küzdelembe", 9 végül pedig élete végén 1669-től 1676-ig Fogarason volt pap. 10 Erről az időszakról több adat maradt fenn Rétyi Péter naplójában. 11
Tanulmányom középpontjában egy olyan kora újkori erdélyi nemesasszony, Kálnoki Borbála áll, akihe... more Tanulmányom középpontjában egy olyan kora újkori erdélyi nemesasszony, Kálnoki Borbála áll, akihez nem a gondos háziasszony, hű feleség, gondoskodó anya, illetve bőkezű patrónus címek fűződnek, mint kortársaihoz általában, hanem makacsságát, összeférhetetlen természetét és erős egyéniségét örökítették meg a korabeli források, melyek közül a legismertebbek történetíró férje, Apor Péter végrendeletei. A kora újkori erdélyi nemesasszonyokról-ha nem tartoztak a fejedelmi udvarhoz vagy a vezető arisztokrácia körébe-igencsak kevés információ maradt fenn: a családi levéltárakból, halotti beszédekből vagy végrendeletekből, könyvleltárakból 1 gyűjthetünk össze információkat róluk, ezenkívül néha egy-egy napló, emlékirat örökítette meg őket. A családi levelezéstöredékek felvillantják a nemesasszonyok mindennapjainak egy-egy szeletét: főleg birtokigazgatással kapcsolatos kérdések, betegségek és gyógymódok, ételreceptek, vásárlás, mindennapi tevékenységeik, politikai és közéleti hírek jelennek meg a levelekben. 2 A halotti prédikációkból 3 és a végrendeletek
Felelős kiadó BIRÓ ANNAMÁRIA Lektorálta GÁBOR CSILLA Korrektúra ANDRÁS ZSELYKE Műszaki szerkeszté... more Felelős kiadó BIRÓ ANNAMÁRIA Lektorálta GÁBOR CSILLA Korrektúra ANDRÁS ZSELYKE Műszaki szerkesztés, tördelés BODÓ ZALÁN Borítóterv DRAGOŞ BLAGA Nyomdai munkálatok GLORIA, Kolozsvár Felelős vezető NAGY PÉTER Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României PAPP, KINGA Tollforgató Kálnokiak : családi íráshasználat a 17-18. századi Erdélyben / Papp Kinga.
My paper examines the documents pertaining to the life of a stepfamily made through divorce in se... more My paper examines the documents pertaining to the life of a stepfamily made through divorce in seventeenth-century Transylvania. The focus is on the interfamilial relationships before and after the divorce. I examine the ways in which the attitude of the father, Dávid Rozsnyai, toward his first wife and children changed during the divorce and after formation of a new family. I also consider how the appearance of the new family members (second wife, half-siblings) affected the equilibrium within the family. My analysis shows that in Early Modern Transylvania there were social and personal customs involving the assignment of social positions to both adult and child members of a family broken by divorce, which facilitated the integration of these families into the community. The scattered family documents and witness hearings show that the divorced father ensured, through his testament and other documents, that the two sons from the two different marriages would share inherited wealth ...
ANDRÁS TARPAI SZILÁGYI’S UNKNOWN FUNERAL ORATION:
’JÓL MEGHALÁSNAK MESTERSÉGE’
Keywords: puritani... more ANDRÁS TARPAI SZILÁGYI’S UNKNOWN FUNERAL ORATION: ’JÓL MEGHALÁSNAK MESTERSÉGE’ Keywords: puritanism, funeral oraƟ on, ars moriendi, ars in Deo vivere, Tarpai Szilágyi András The paper focuses on the puritan priest, András Tarpai Szilágyi’s funeral oration: Jól meg halásnak mestersége, presented in 1659 at the funeral of Moktsai Balázs and printed (published) at Kassa in 1668. Until now, Tarpai’s work was unknown. T e oration presents the condition of dying well – based on the puritan ethics and pietism.
Saint Ladislaus Day’s Oration at the University of Vienna and Ádám
Kálnoki ’s Bellator Pacificus ... more Saint Ladislaus Day’s Oration at the University of Vienna and Ádám Kálnoki ’s Bellator Pacificus
The paper focuses on Kálnoki Ádám’s oration Bellator Pacificus Divus Hungariae Rex Ladislaus, presented in 1699 and published in Vienna in the same year. The work is remarkable due to its organic connection to a tradition upheld since 1415 by the Natio Hungarica from the University of Vienna; the annual celebration of Hungary’s Builder, Strengthener of the State and Holy King, Saint Ladislaus. In this ceremony, after the Holy Mass, a festive declamation is presented by a specially chosen student, a Hungarian nobleman. Before Kálnoki this oration was given by illustrious predecessors like the poet Miklós Zrínyi or members of the Esterházy, Erdődy and Csáky families.
Forms of Self-representation in Apor István’s Letter Book
Keywords: Apor István, letters, corresp... more Forms of Self-representation in Apor István’s Letter Book Keywords: Apor István, letters, correspondence, simulatio, dissimulatio
The paper analyzes the letter book compiled by Apor István, the Transylvania’s treasurer, which contains the copies of the letters sent to Vienna between 1696–1701. After a short presentation of the manuscript, the research focuses on the letters sent by Apor István to the Hungarian noblemen in Vienna. It centers on the self-representation, the simulation and dissimulation towards some of the letters’ recipients, the evaluation of self-activity and also some descriptions of his contemporaries. The letters reveal the powerful nobleman, humble and shrewd, ironic and pious, who tries to find the appropriate voices for the various situations and people, representing himself according to social expectations. His letters are a good example of the political discourse through which the author identifies himself through religion, the relationship with his country and his contemporaries. Due to his dominant character, and the suspicious financial activities, Apor repeatedly needed to improve his own image through simulation and dissimulation. to this aim he used not only his letters but also his influence, convincing other people to act in his favor.
The aim of my paper is an insight on the ego-documents of the Transylvanian vice-chancellor, Káln... more The aim of my paper is an insight on the ego-documents of the Transylvanian vice-chancellor, Kálnoki Sámuel (1640-1706). He left a series of texts, of both public and private type. Upon starting its chancellorship, he left to his spouse a so-called Rulebook of the Court. He also wrote a large number of notes in a Calendarium, an extension to the Chronicle of Pethő Gergely, fragments of his correspondence with members of his family and other contemporaries and, not the least, a fragment of a testament. Based on these documents, we can outline the role writing has in his life, at the time he is vice-chancellor, the habits that influence the writing and the use of the texts, the customs that regulate his attitude both towards the writing as an activity in itself and also towards his own written texts.
The flight of Kálnoki Judit (Letters from the life of 18th century Kálnoki family)
The paper pre... more The flight of Kálnoki Judit (Letters from the life of 18th century Kálnoki family)
The paper presents the story of Kálnoki Judit, a wife who cheated on and left her husband, seeking the links of the event with the literary history. The story is based on information gathered from documents found in the Kálnoki family Archive, a separated fascicle named “The Petkiné Case”. In this part of the archive 41 letters and a testimonies’ interrogation report were found, written between 1750 and 1769. The letters and the report show that Kálnoki Judit left her husband for the second time and, accompanied by her lover, tried to flee out of the country but failed. After these events, she flees to Miklósvár, and from there to Wallachia. After some time due to the reconciliation attempts made by her uncle, Kálnoki Antal, Kálnoki Judit returned to her husband; but after another fleeing attempt they separated. The letters are sent to Kálnoki Antal, the eldest of the family (Kálnoki Judit’s father being dead) notifying him of the events. Among the senders we can find the defendant Kálnoki Judit, her husband, Petki István, the priest from Miklósvár, other witnesses relating the events and the feminine relatives expressing their anger. Another eight peasants were questioned about the woman’s flight and the report containing their answers was sent to Kálnoki Antal. The woman’s case is well-known and discussed at the time, being mentioned also in the Memoirs of Rettegi György.
Kálnoki Sámuel neve a kora újkori Erdéllyel foglalkozók számára nem idegen csengésű, azonban szem... more Kálnoki Sámuel neve a kora újkori Erdéllyel foglalkozók számára nem idegen csengésű, azonban személye nem tartozik a legnépszerűbb erdélyi nemesek közé. Népszerűtlensége karrierje alakulásából fakad, ugyanis katolikus felekezetű székely nemesként a császári udvar vonzáskörébe került. Nevét leginkább bécsi kancellárhelyettesi pozíciójával, a Katolikus Státus és Apor István tevékenységével kapcsolják össze, valamint Bethlen Miklós pápista ellenfeleként szokás említeni, akiről Bethlen "omnium bipedum vanissimus"-ként vall, 1 és "vallásüldözés, részegség, paráznaság, fösvénység, hazugság és csaknem elfutó bolondság lelkétől elfoglaltatott" 2 emberként jellemzi. Azonban a politikai karrier és a katolikus restauráció támogatása mellett életében a könyveknek is jutott némi szerep.
The paper proposes an analysis of the use of Matthias Corvinus’ image in the XVIIIth century base... more The paper proposes an analysis of the use of Matthias Corvinus’ image in the XVIIIth century based on a manuscript play, written in Latin, entitled Mathias Corvinus, performed in the Academy of Buda in 1772. The author of the play is a Jesuit professor, the future bishop, József Martonfi. The source of the play was also a Jesuit work, Notitia rerrum hungarorum, written by Károly Ferenc Palma. Having briefly presented the author, the historical source and the play’s structure, the analysis will try to demonstrate that though the drama represents the imprisonment of the young Mátyás in Podiebrad’s court, his escape and election as a king, it is in fact the story of a young man’s rise to maturity. Matthias, as a historical character, is actually an instrument; the main character could have been any other historical or real person. But the use of a Hungarian historical character could be interpreted as the Jesuits’ self defense in face of the charges brought against them. The story of the main character had an educative role, illustrating that even the greatest heroes had been weak and discouraged, and it was meant to suggest to the pupils and the public that it is worth holding on to their principles and goals. Thus, the drama offers historical and moral teaching at the same time.
Uploads
Papers by Kinga Papp
annotations dictated by his father, together with drafts of letters, probably also dictated by the senior Rozsnyai. These joint annotated almanacs not only mark the passing of time and the merging of memories, but also become instruments of memory and remembrance. The annotations also show the common practice of writing inside the family and its
common mentality towards writing and familial ego-documents.
’JÓL MEGHALÁSNAK MESTERSÉGE’
Keywords: puritanism, funeral oraƟ on, ars moriendi, ars in Deo vivere, Tarpai Szilágyi András
The paper focuses on the puritan priest, András Tarpai Szilágyi’s funeral oration: Jól meg halásnak mestersége, presented in 1659 at the funeral of Moktsai Balázs and printed (published) at Kassa in 1668. Until now, Tarpai’s work was unknown. T e oration presents the condition of dying well – based on the puritan ethics and pietism.
Kálnoki ’s Bellator Pacificus
The paper focuses on Kálnoki Ádám’s oration Bellator Pacificus Divus Hungariae Rex Ladislaus, presented in 1699 and published in Vienna in the same year. The work is remarkable due to its organic connection to a tradition upheld since 1415 by the Natio Hungarica from the University of Vienna; the annual celebration of Hungary’s Builder, Strengthener of the State and Holy King, Saint Ladislaus. In this ceremony, after the Holy Mass, a festive declamation is presented by a specially chosen student, a Hungarian nobleman. Before Kálnoki this oration was given by illustrious predecessors like the poet Miklós Zrínyi or members of the Esterházy, Erdődy and Csáky families.
Keywords: Apor István, letters, correspondence, simulatio, dissimulatio
The paper analyzes the letter book compiled by Apor István, the Transylvania’s treasurer, which contains the copies of the letters sent to Vienna between 1696–1701. After a short presentation of the manuscript, the research focuses on the letters sent by Apor István to the Hungarian noblemen in Vienna. It centers on the self-representation, the simulation
and dissimulation towards some of the letters’ recipients, the evaluation of self-activity and also some descriptions of
his contemporaries. The letters reveal the powerful nobleman, humble and shrewd, ironic and pious, who tries to find the appropriate voices for the various situations and people, representing himself according to social expectations. His letters are a good example of the political discourse through which the author identifies himself through religion,
the relationship with his country and his contemporaries. Due to his dominant character, and the suspicious financial activities, Apor repeatedly needed to improve his own image through simulation and dissimulation. to this aim he used not only his letters but also his influence, convincing other people to act in his favor.
The paper presents the story of Kálnoki Judit, a wife who cheated on and left her husband, seeking the links of the event with the literary history. The story is based on information gathered from documents found in the Kálnoki family Archive, a separated fascicle named “The Petkiné Case”. In this part of the archive 41 letters and a testimonies’ interrogation report were found, written between 1750 and 1769. The letters and the report show that Kálnoki Judit left her husband for the second time and, accompanied by her lover, tried to flee out of the country but failed. After these events, she flees to Miklósvár, and from there to Wallachia. After some time due to the reconciliation attempts made by her uncle, Kálnoki Antal, Kálnoki Judit returned to her husband; but after another fleeing attempt they separated. The letters are sent to Kálnoki Antal, the eldest of the family (Kálnoki Judit’s father being dead) notifying him of the events. Among the senders we can find the defendant Kálnoki Judit, her husband, Petki István, the priest from Miklósvár, other witnesses relating the events and the feminine relatives expressing their anger. Another eight peasants were questioned about the woman’s flight and the report containing their answers was sent to Kálnoki Antal. The woman’s case is well-known and discussed at the time, being mentioned also in the Memoirs of Rettegi György.
Books by Kinga Papp
annotations dictated by his father, together with drafts of letters, probably also dictated by the senior Rozsnyai. These joint annotated almanacs not only mark the passing of time and the merging of memories, but also become instruments of memory and remembrance. The annotations also show the common practice of writing inside the family and its
common mentality towards writing and familial ego-documents.
’JÓL MEGHALÁSNAK MESTERSÉGE’
Keywords: puritanism, funeral oraƟ on, ars moriendi, ars in Deo vivere, Tarpai Szilágyi András
The paper focuses on the puritan priest, András Tarpai Szilágyi’s funeral oration: Jól meg halásnak mestersége, presented in 1659 at the funeral of Moktsai Balázs and printed (published) at Kassa in 1668. Until now, Tarpai’s work was unknown. T e oration presents the condition of dying well – based on the puritan ethics and pietism.
Kálnoki ’s Bellator Pacificus
The paper focuses on Kálnoki Ádám’s oration Bellator Pacificus Divus Hungariae Rex Ladislaus, presented in 1699 and published in Vienna in the same year. The work is remarkable due to its organic connection to a tradition upheld since 1415 by the Natio Hungarica from the University of Vienna; the annual celebration of Hungary’s Builder, Strengthener of the State and Holy King, Saint Ladislaus. In this ceremony, after the Holy Mass, a festive declamation is presented by a specially chosen student, a Hungarian nobleman. Before Kálnoki this oration was given by illustrious predecessors like the poet Miklós Zrínyi or members of the Esterházy, Erdődy and Csáky families.
Keywords: Apor István, letters, correspondence, simulatio, dissimulatio
The paper analyzes the letter book compiled by Apor István, the Transylvania’s treasurer, which contains the copies of the letters sent to Vienna between 1696–1701. After a short presentation of the manuscript, the research focuses on the letters sent by Apor István to the Hungarian noblemen in Vienna. It centers on the self-representation, the simulation
and dissimulation towards some of the letters’ recipients, the evaluation of self-activity and also some descriptions of
his contemporaries. The letters reveal the powerful nobleman, humble and shrewd, ironic and pious, who tries to find the appropriate voices for the various situations and people, representing himself according to social expectations. His letters are a good example of the political discourse through which the author identifies himself through religion,
the relationship with his country and his contemporaries. Due to his dominant character, and the suspicious financial activities, Apor repeatedly needed to improve his own image through simulation and dissimulation. to this aim he used not only his letters but also his influence, convincing other people to act in his favor.
The paper presents the story of Kálnoki Judit, a wife who cheated on and left her husband, seeking the links of the event with the literary history. The story is based on information gathered from documents found in the Kálnoki family Archive, a separated fascicle named “The Petkiné Case”. In this part of the archive 41 letters and a testimonies’ interrogation report were found, written between 1750 and 1769. The letters and the report show that Kálnoki Judit left her husband for the second time and, accompanied by her lover, tried to flee out of the country but failed. After these events, she flees to Miklósvár, and from there to Wallachia. After some time due to the reconciliation attempts made by her uncle, Kálnoki Antal, Kálnoki Judit returned to her husband; but after another fleeing attempt they separated. The letters are sent to Kálnoki Antal, the eldest of the family (Kálnoki Judit’s father being dead) notifying him of the events. Among the senders we can find the defendant Kálnoki Judit, her husband, Petki István, the priest from Miklósvár, other witnesses relating the events and the feminine relatives expressing their anger. Another eight peasants were questioned about the woman’s flight and the report containing their answers was sent to Kálnoki Antal. The woman’s case is well-known and discussed at the time, being mentioned also in the Memoirs of Rettegi György.