Violence against women persists globally, transcending intersecting backgrounds, such as race, ge... more Violence against women persists globally, transcending intersecting backgrounds, such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, education, and ableness. The reality remains that women across diverse intersections continue to endure various forms of violence. According to a nationwide study, 30 % of women experience intimate partner violence during their lifetime in Mongolia. The present research adopts an intersectional lens to comprehensively address the survival experiences of Mongolian women who had lived through intimate partner violence. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants recruited through purposive sampling, most of whom had ended a relationship involving intimate partner violence. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and themes among survival experiences. Although women's experiences varied, intimate partner violence confronted them with the dilemma of maintaining or going against traditional values, including family unity when seeking protection (and safety) for themselves and their children. The women's survival experiences included a combination of building a sense of community and rebuilding a sense of self, while selfcontentment was achieved when the women ceased to blame themselves. This study highlights a critical shift in mindset and behavior by investigating the survival experiences of women who defy social norms, prioritizing family unity over personal well-being. Recognition of survivors' efforts to cease self-blame and seek support signifies a crucial advancement in the survival process. The findings suggest a positive trend toward selfempowerment and a willingness to access the necessary resources and support systems. From a practical standpoint, these findings advocate for strengthening current interventions that empower survivors to challenge norms, cease self-blame, and actively seek assistance.
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is har... more Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions ( N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held...
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in les... more Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries ( N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Gl...
This article discusses a comparative case study of eight single mothers’ lockdown experiences dur... more This article discusses a comparative case study of eight single mothers’ lockdown experiences during COVID-19 in Mongolia. The case study investigated single mothers’ experiences and the psychological impact of the lockdown. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight single mothers, four of whom were survivors of intimate partner violence. All interviews were carried out online. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes regarding lockdown experiences. The four months (from late January to early May 2020) of lockdown had both positive and negative psychological consequences for these single mothers. For both survivor and non-survivor single mothers, uncertainty was the primary psychological state reported, followed by other adverse effects such as worry, anxiety, insecurity, and frustration. Lockdown and the government’s uncertain policies have added more workload on women. They have been looking after the children, household chores, and managing their paid workload....
The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian sur... more The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian survivors of intimate partner violence. Methods: The study employed semi-structured interviews with fifteen womenten Mongolian and five Hungarian survivors. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes regarding survivors' PTG. Results: PTG occurred in all participants, and identified themes were; positive changes, strengthened or new relationships and role models, personal strength, interest in advocacy for social change, and new found appreciation of life. Along with learning new skills and knowledge, a sense of security and caring for children were apparent as positive changes as well. Participants acknowledged interpersonal relationships through communities, including parents, colleagues and friends. Personal strengths, such as being trustworthy and optimistic, also contributed to the PTG with realized independence, increased self-confidence, assertiveness and being brave. Participants identified as individuals striving for social justice and being social change agents by involvement in local non-governmental organizations. Appreciation of life was enhanced or encouraged by supportive parents, community and believing in oneself. Conclusion: Similarities between Hungary and Mongolian survivors are more than the differences in posttraumatic growth for survivors of intimate partner violence. Posttraumatic growth includes acquiring new skills, aspiring for the future, interpersonal relationships, perseverance, and being social change agents. A sense of security, a sense of autonomy, independence and self-worth were significant common features found in this study.
The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian sur... more The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian survivors of intimate partner violence. Methods: The study employed semi-structured interviews with fifteen womenten Mongolian and five Hungarian survivors. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes regarding survivors' PTG. Results: PTG occurred in all participants, and identified themes were; positive changes, strengthened or new relationships and role models, personal strength, interest in advocacy for social change, and new found appreciation of life. Along with learning new skills and knowledge, a sense of security and caring for children were apparent as positive changes as well. Participants acknowledged interpersonal relationships through communities, including parents, colleagues and friends. Personal strengths, such as being trustworthy and optimistic, also contributed to the PTG with realized independence, increased self-confidence, assertiveness and being brave. Participants identified as individuals striving for social justice and being social change agents by involvement in local non-governmental organizations. Appreciation of life was enhanced or encouraged by supportive parents, community and believing in oneself. Conclusion: Similarities between Hungary and Mongolian survivors are more than the differences in posttraumatic growth for survivors of intimate partner violence. Posttraumatic growth includes acquiring new skills, aspiring for the future, interpersonal relationships, perseverance, and being social change agents. A sense of security, a sense of autonomy, independence and self-worth were significant common features found in this study.
The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian sur... more The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian survivors of intimate partner violence. Methods: The study employed semi-structured interviews with fifteen womenten Mongolian and five Hungarian survivors. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes regarding survivors' PTG. Results: PTG occurred in all participants, and identified themes were; positive changes, strengthened or new relationships and role models, personal strength, interest in advocacy for social change, and new found appreciation of life. Along with learning new skills and knowledge, a sense of security and caring for children were apparent as positive changes as well. Participants acknowledged interpersonal relationships through communities, including parents, colleagues and friends. Personal strengths, such as being trustworthy and optimistic, also contributed to the PTG with realized independence, increased self-confidence, assertiveness and being brave. Participants identified as individuals striving for social justice and being social change agents by involvement in local non-governmental organizations. Appreciation of life was enhanced or encouraged by supportive parents, community and believing in oneself. Conclusion: Similarities between Hungary and Mongolian survivors are more than the differences in posttraumatic growth for survivors of intimate partner violence. Posttraumatic growth includes acquiring new skills, aspiring for the future, interpersonal relationships, perseverance, and being social change agents. A sense of security, a sense of autonomy, independence and self-worth were significant common features found in this study.
The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention o... more The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits’ measure—the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)—in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants’ sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.
Although earlier research had demonstrated significant links between attachment and self-concept ... more Although earlier research had demonstrated significant links between attachment and self-concept clarity; attachment and empathy; and self-concept clarity and empathy respectively, there had been no studies examining these associations in conjunction with one another. Therefore, the present studies explored whether individual differences in self-concept clarity would mediate the relationship between attachment orientation (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and empathy (i.e., empathic concern and personal distress). In Study 1, the association between attachment orientation and self-concept clarity was examined among 602 Hungarian university students. In Study 2, the relationship between attachment and empathy was investigated through self-concept clarity among 1000 Hungarian adults. The findings from both samples revealed that attachment avoidance and anxiety were negatively related to self-concept clarity. In Study 2, individuals with greater self-concept clarity showed greater empathic concern and lower personal distress. Attachment avoidance was associated with lower empathic concern, whereas there was no significant association with personal distress. Attachment anxiety was positively related to empathic concern and personal distress. Self-concept clarity partially mediated associations with attachment anxiety and aspects of empathy. These findings suggest the importance of attachment orientations in terms of their influence on the self with regard to interpersonal relations.
Previous research has repeatedly shown a positive association between the need for relationship s... more Previous research has repeatedly shown a positive association between the need for relationship security and the appeal of benevolent sexism. Possibly, no studies to date had investigated the role of the need to belong with respect to a preference for the ideal partner to endorse benevolently sexist attitudes. Attachment security is considered to attenuate the need for relationship security and to divert the focus from the need to belong. Study 1 therefore investigated potential associations among attachment anxiety, the need to belong, and the appeal of benevolent sexism. It also examined whether the association between the need to belong and a preference for the ideal partner to hold benevolently sexist attitudes is moderated by attachment anxiety. In Study 2, we used a causal design to confirm the findings from Study 1 through the activation of attachment security schema. A moderated regression analysis showed significant interactive effects between the need to belong and attachment anxiety-that is, a positive association between the need to belong and the appeal of benevolent sexism was found only among people high in attachment anxiety. Secure-base scripts attenuated the need to belong as well as the appeal of benevolent sexism. The present findings suggest the importance of attachment schemas in influencing preference for specific partner attitudes through the need to belong and relationship security.
We argue that parental attitudes of (prospective) children’s gendered behavior are
influenced by... more We argue that parental attitudes of (prospective) children’s gendered behavior are
influenced by sexual orientation and the given social climate. In Study 1 (N = 448),
moderated mediations showed that sexual orientation predicted whether or not high status occupations are preferred for the (prospective) children through modern sexism.
For girls, however, the perceived stability of the gender hierarchy moderated the
effect of modern sexism. In an experiment (Study 2, N = 704), hierarchical regression
analyses showed that in the case of gay people, modern sexism predicted boys’ preferred
gendered behavior well. While, in the case of bisexual people, modern sexism
(along with fear of backlash) predicted preferences for both boys’ and girls’ gendered
behavior depending on the stability of the gender hierarchy. Unlike the other groups, in
the case of straight people, modern sexism only predicted preferences regarding girls’
gendered behavior. Implications of the studies are discussed.
Background: A long tradition of research has shown an association between political orientation a... more Background: A long tradition of research has shown an association between political orientation and vaccine uptake. However, we know little about political preferences and the choice of specific vaccines. Methods: We conducted two national surveys, in Hungary (Study 1, online, n = 1130) and Thailand (Study 2, on the street survey: n = 1052), testing associations between political allegiance, trust in government, vaccine willingness, and vaccine choice. Results: In Hungary, those supporting the government or on the political right were more willing to be vaccinated, with this association strongest for government approved vaccines. These respondents were also more likely to accept Chinese and Russian vaccines and reject the Moderna vaccine. In Thailand, vaccinated respondents reported greater trust in the government, with preference for AstraZeneca associated with support for pro-government political parties and preference for Pfizer with anti-government attitudes. Conclusions: Vaccin...
The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked f... more The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked for copyright and the relevant embargo period has been applied by the Research Services team. We operate on a standard take-down policy. If you are the author or publisher of an output and you would like it removed from the repository, please contact us and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis.
Remaining in an abusive relationship is a strong risk factor for (re)victimization. Due to the re... more Remaining in an abusive relationship is a strong risk factor for (re)victimization. Due to the relational nature of intimate partner violence attachment theory offers a useful framework for better understanding its dynamics. Within two studies we worked on individual differences regarding imagined attitudes when confronted with intimate partner violence as being the victim. Our first study showed that high level of attachment anxiety is a risk factor for willingness to remain when imagining a hypothetical abusive relationship incidence. The second study presented the effectiveness of security priming in reducing the willingness to remain when imagining being in an abusive relationship and showed that this effect was the strongest in the case of participants with higher
levels of attachment anxiety. These findings extend our understanding of the dynamics behind remaining in an abusive relationship and suggest the use of attachment security schemas as an effective technique for inclusion in interventions against (re)victimization.
Violence against women persists globally, transcending intersecting backgrounds, such as race, ge... more Violence against women persists globally, transcending intersecting backgrounds, such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, education, and ableness. The reality remains that women across diverse intersections continue to endure various forms of violence. According to a nationwide study, 30 % of women experience intimate partner violence during their lifetime in Mongolia. The present research adopts an intersectional lens to comprehensively address the survival experiences of Mongolian women who had lived through intimate partner violence. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants recruited through purposive sampling, most of whom had ended a relationship involving intimate partner violence. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and themes among survival experiences. Although women's experiences varied, intimate partner violence confronted them with the dilemma of maintaining or going against traditional values, including family unity when seeking protection (and safety) for themselves and their children. The women's survival experiences included a combination of building a sense of community and rebuilding a sense of self, while selfcontentment was achieved when the women ceased to blame themselves. This study highlights a critical shift in mindset and behavior by investigating the survival experiences of women who defy social norms, prioritizing family unity over personal well-being. Recognition of survivors' efforts to cease self-blame and seek support signifies a crucial advancement in the survival process. The findings suggest a positive trend toward selfempowerment and a willingness to access the necessary resources and support systems. From a practical standpoint, these findings advocate for strengthening current interventions that empower survivors to challenge norms, cease self-blame, and actively seek assistance.
Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is har... more Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions ( N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held...
Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in les... more Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries ( N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Gl...
This article discusses a comparative case study of eight single mothers’ lockdown experiences dur... more This article discusses a comparative case study of eight single mothers’ lockdown experiences during COVID-19 in Mongolia. The case study investigated single mothers’ experiences and the psychological impact of the lockdown. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight single mothers, four of whom were survivors of intimate partner violence. All interviews were carried out online. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes regarding lockdown experiences. The four months (from late January to early May 2020) of lockdown had both positive and negative psychological consequences for these single mothers. For both survivor and non-survivor single mothers, uncertainty was the primary psychological state reported, followed by other adverse effects such as worry, anxiety, insecurity, and frustration. Lockdown and the government’s uncertain policies have added more workload on women. They have been looking after the children, household chores, and managing their paid workload....
The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian sur... more The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian survivors of intimate partner violence. Methods: The study employed semi-structured interviews with fifteen womenten Mongolian and five Hungarian survivors. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes regarding survivors' PTG. Results: PTG occurred in all participants, and identified themes were; positive changes, strengthened or new relationships and role models, personal strength, interest in advocacy for social change, and new found appreciation of life. Along with learning new skills and knowledge, a sense of security and caring for children were apparent as positive changes as well. Participants acknowledged interpersonal relationships through communities, including parents, colleagues and friends. Personal strengths, such as being trustworthy and optimistic, also contributed to the PTG with realized independence, increased self-confidence, assertiveness and being brave. Participants identified as individuals striving for social justice and being social change agents by involvement in local non-governmental organizations. Appreciation of life was enhanced or encouraged by supportive parents, community and believing in oneself. Conclusion: Similarities between Hungary and Mongolian survivors are more than the differences in posttraumatic growth for survivors of intimate partner violence. Posttraumatic growth includes acquiring new skills, aspiring for the future, interpersonal relationships, perseverance, and being social change agents. A sense of security, a sense of autonomy, independence and self-worth were significant common features found in this study.
The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian sur... more The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian survivors of intimate partner violence. Methods: The study employed semi-structured interviews with fifteen womenten Mongolian and five Hungarian survivors. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes regarding survivors' PTG. Results: PTG occurred in all participants, and identified themes were; positive changes, strengthened or new relationships and role models, personal strength, interest in advocacy for social change, and new found appreciation of life. Along with learning new skills and knowledge, a sense of security and caring for children were apparent as positive changes as well. Participants acknowledged interpersonal relationships through communities, including parents, colleagues and friends. Personal strengths, such as being trustworthy and optimistic, also contributed to the PTG with realized independence, increased self-confidence, assertiveness and being brave. Participants identified as individuals striving for social justice and being social change agents by involvement in local non-governmental organizations. Appreciation of life was enhanced or encouraged by supportive parents, community and believing in oneself. Conclusion: Similarities between Hungary and Mongolian survivors are more than the differences in posttraumatic growth for survivors of intimate partner violence. Posttraumatic growth includes acquiring new skills, aspiring for the future, interpersonal relationships, perseverance, and being social change agents. A sense of security, a sense of autonomy, independence and self-worth were significant common features found in this study.
The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian sur... more The purpose of this study is to compare posttraumatic growth (PTG) of Mongolian and Hungarian survivors of intimate partner violence. Methods: The study employed semi-structured interviews with fifteen womenten Mongolian and five Hungarian survivors. Thematic analysis identified patterns and themes regarding survivors' PTG. Results: PTG occurred in all participants, and identified themes were; positive changes, strengthened or new relationships and role models, personal strength, interest in advocacy for social change, and new found appreciation of life. Along with learning new skills and knowledge, a sense of security and caring for children were apparent as positive changes as well. Participants acknowledged interpersonal relationships through communities, including parents, colleagues and friends. Personal strengths, such as being trustworthy and optimistic, also contributed to the PTG with realized independence, increased self-confidence, assertiveness and being brave. Participants identified as individuals striving for social justice and being social change agents by involvement in local non-governmental organizations. Appreciation of life was enhanced or encouraged by supportive parents, community and believing in oneself. Conclusion: Similarities between Hungary and Mongolian survivors are more than the differences in posttraumatic growth for survivors of intimate partner violence. Posttraumatic growth includes acquiring new skills, aspiring for the future, interpersonal relationships, perseverance, and being social change agents. A sense of security, a sense of autonomy, independence and self-worth were significant common features found in this study.
The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention o... more The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits’ measure—the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)—in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants’ sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.
Although earlier research had demonstrated significant links between attachment and self-concept ... more Although earlier research had demonstrated significant links between attachment and self-concept clarity; attachment and empathy; and self-concept clarity and empathy respectively, there had been no studies examining these associations in conjunction with one another. Therefore, the present studies explored whether individual differences in self-concept clarity would mediate the relationship between attachment orientation (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and empathy (i.e., empathic concern and personal distress). In Study 1, the association between attachment orientation and self-concept clarity was examined among 602 Hungarian university students. In Study 2, the relationship between attachment and empathy was investigated through self-concept clarity among 1000 Hungarian adults. The findings from both samples revealed that attachment avoidance and anxiety were negatively related to self-concept clarity. In Study 2, individuals with greater self-concept clarity showed greater empathic concern and lower personal distress. Attachment avoidance was associated with lower empathic concern, whereas there was no significant association with personal distress. Attachment anxiety was positively related to empathic concern and personal distress. Self-concept clarity partially mediated associations with attachment anxiety and aspects of empathy. These findings suggest the importance of attachment orientations in terms of their influence on the self with regard to interpersonal relations.
Previous research has repeatedly shown a positive association between the need for relationship s... more Previous research has repeatedly shown a positive association between the need for relationship security and the appeal of benevolent sexism. Possibly, no studies to date had investigated the role of the need to belong with respect to a preference for the ideal partner to endorse benevolently sexist attitudes. Attachment security is considered to attenuate the need for relationship security and to divert the focus from the need to belong. Study 1 therefore investigated potential associations among attachment anxiety, the need to belong, and the appeal of benevolent sexism. It also examined whether the association between the need to belong and a preference for the ideal partner to hold benevolently sexist attitudes is moderated by attachment anxiety. In Study 2, we used a causal design to confirm the findings from Study 1 through the activation of attachment security schema. A moderated regression analysis showed significant interactive effects between the need to belong and attachment anxiety-that is, a positive association between the need to belong and the appeal of benevolent sexism was found only among people high in attachment anxiety. Secure-base scripts attenuated the need to belong as well as the appeal of benevolent sexism. The present findings suggest the importance of attachment schemas in influencing preference for specific partner attitudes through the need to belong and relationship security.
We argue that parental attitudes of (prospective) children’s gendered behavior are
influenced by... more We argue that parental attitudes of (prospective) children’s gendered behavior are
influenced by sexual orientation and the given social climate. In Study 1 (N = 448),
moderated mediations showed that sexual orientation predicted whether or not high status occupations are preferred for the (prospective) children through modern sexism.
For girls, however, the perceived stability of the gender hierarchy moderated the
effect of modern sexism. In an experiment (Study 2, N = 704), hierarchical regression
analyses showed that in the case of gay people, modern sexism predicted boys’ preferred
gendered behavior well. While, in the case of bisexual people, modern sexism
(along with fear of backlash) predicted preferences for both boys’ and girls’ gendered
behavior depending on the stability of the gender hierarchy. Unlike the other groups, in
the case of straight people, modern sexism only predicted preferences regarding girls’
gendered behavior. Implications of the studies are discussed.
Background: A long tradition of research has shown an association between political orientation a... more Background: A long tradition of research has shown an association between political orientation and vaccine uptake. However, we know little about political preferences and the choice of specific vaccines. Methods: We conducted two national surveys, in Hungary (Study 1, online, n = 1130) and Thailand (Study 2, on the street survey: n = 1052), testing associations between political allegiance, trust in government, vaccine willingness, and vaccine choice. Results: In Hungary, those supporting the government or on the political right were more willing to be vaccinated, with this association strongest for government approved vaccines. These respondents were also more likely to accept Chinese and Russian vaccines and reject the Moderna vaccine. In Thailand, vaccinated respondents reported greater trust in the government, with preference for AstraZeneca associated with support for pro-government political parties and preference for Pfizer with anti-government attitudes. Conclusions: Vaccin...
The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked f... more The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked for copyright and the relevant embargo period has been applied by the Research Services team. We operate on a standard take-down policy. If you are the author or publisher of an output and you would like it removed from the repository, please contact us and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis.
Remaining in an abusive relationship is a strong risk factor for (re)victimization. Due to the re... more Remaining in an abusive relationship is a strong risk factor for (re)victimization. Due to the relational nature of intimate partner violence attachment theory offers a useful framework for better understanding its dynamics. Within two studies we worked on individual differences regarding imagined attitudes when confronted with intimate partner violence as being the victim. Our first study showed that high level of attachment anxiety is a risk factor for willingness to remain when imagining a hypothetical abusive relationship incidence. The second study presented the effectiveness of security priming in reducing the willingness to remain when imagining being in an abusive relationship and showed that this effect was the strongest in the case of participants with higher
levels of attachment anxiety. These findings extend our understanding of the dynamics behind remaining in an abusive relationship and suggest the use of attachment security schemas as an effective technique for inclusion in interventions against (re)victimization.
Bár a nők helyzete az elmúlt száz évben globálisan és lokálisan óriási változáson ment keresztül,... more Bár a nők helyzete az elmúlt száz évben globálisan és lokálisan óriási változáson ment keresztül, a nemi alapú társadalmi egyenlőtlenség nem tűnt el, és az élet minden területén korlátozza nemcsak a nők, de a férfiak önmeg-valósítási lehetőségeit is. A társadalmi nemek tudománya a nemek helyzetének változásával párhuzamosan alakult ki azzal a céllal, hogy nyomon kövesse ezt a folyamatot, és feltárja haladásának vagy éppen elakadásának okait. A kötet célja, hogy bemutassa ezt az interdiszciplináris te-rületet, bepillantást nyújtva az elméleti megközelítésekbe, valamint a hazai kutatások eredményeibe is.
" A 20. századi traumák nem hogy hegedtek volna, inkább elmélyültek " www.szombat.org /kiemelt/a-... more " A 20. századi traumák nem hogy hegedtek volna, inkább elmélyültek " www.szombat.org /kiemelt/a-20-szazadi-traumak-nem-hogy-hegedtek-volna-inkabb-elmelyultek Kovács Mónika Kollektív emlékezet és holokausztmúlt című frissen megjelent könyve nemcsak a traumatikus történelmi múlt feldolgozásának szükségéről, kísérleteiről, lehetőségeiről és eredményeiről szól elméleti megalapozottsággal és nemzetközi összehasonlításra is lehetőséget adó empirikus kutatások adataival, hanem arról is, milyen korlátokkal kell szembenézni e folyamatok kapcsán. Arról kérdeztük a szociálpszichológust, az ELTE Pedagógiai és Pszichológiai Karának docensét, hogy ezeknek a korlátoknak az ismeretében, és alkalmasint ellenére hogyan érhetjük el a kívánatoshoz közelítő állapotot.
Defeating the Seven-Headed Dragon: An Exploration into the Complex Self-Maintaining System that Causes Gender Inequality - Conference: Utrecht University & Rijks Universities Groningen, 2019
While both cultural (Faludi, 2006; Kováts, 2018) and personal level (Rudman et al, 2012) backlash... more While both cultural (Faludi, 2006; Kováts, 2018) and personal level (Rudman et al, 2012) backlash has been identified as slowing down or even turning back social change towards gender equality, several studies have documented that gender role expectations have been becoming more egalitarian - in spite of shorter slowdowns (Spence & Hahn, 1997) - for many decades now (Twenge, 1997; Donnelly et al, 2016); that women’s self-characterization have been changing towards more agentic/androgynous (Twenge, 2001) and thus stereotypes of women as well (Diekman & Eagly, 2001; Haines, Deaux & Lofaro, 2016); and that as societies becoming more egalitarian sexism diminish as well (Glick et al, 2000; Huang, Osborne & Sibley, 2018). While studies on interventions have highlighted the role of men in changing norms of sexism (Case, Hensley & Anderson, 2014) and rape myth acceptance (Bohner, Siebler & Schmelcher, 2006), women might have a role as well not only when speaking up and making a stand (Nyúl et al, 2018) but when defining and changing the norms. In our study of a representative sample of students (N=1465) at a large university, we measured personal rape myth acceptance as well as perceived norms of other students: the perceived rape myth acceptance of fellow male students as well as of fellow female students separately. According to our regression analysis, the perceived female standard was the reference point not only for the female students but for the male students as well. Our results suggest that women play an important role not only in ’metoo’ like awareness-raising campaigns that might cause visible shifts in attitudes but in slower societal change as well.
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Papers by Monika Kovacs
influenced by sexual orientation and the given social climate. In Study 1 (N = 448),
moderated mediations showed that sexual orientation predicted whether or not high status occupations are preferred for the (prospective) children through modern sexism.
For girls, however, the perceived stability of the gender hierarchy moderated the
effect of modern sexism. In an experiment (Study 2, N = 704), hierarchical regression
analyses showed that in the case of gay people, modern sexism predicted boys’ preferred
gendered behavior well. While, in the case of bisexual people, modern sexism
(along with fear of backlash) predicted preferences for both boys’ and girls’ gendered
behavior depending on the stability of the gender hierarchy. Unlike the other groups, in
the case of straight people, modern sexism only predicted preferences regarding girls’
gendered behavior. Implications of the studies are discussed.
levels of attachment anxiety. These findings extend our understanding of the dynamics behind remaining in an abusive relationship and suggest the use of attachment security schemas as an effective technique for inclusion in interventions against (re)victimization.
influenced by sexual orientation and the given social climate. In Study 1 (N = 448),
moderated mediations showed that sexual orientation predicted whether or not high status occupations are preferred for the (prospective) children through modern sexism.
For girls, however, the perceived stability of the gender hierarchy moderated the
effect of modern sexism. In an experiment (Study 2, N = 704), hierarchical regression
analyses showed that in the case of gay people, modern sexism predicted boys’ preferred
gendered behavior well. While, in the case of bisexual people, modern sexism
(along with fear of backlash) predicted preferences for both boys’ and girls’ gendered
behavior depending on the stability of the gender hierarchy. Unlike the other groups, in
the case of straight people, modern sexism only predicted preferences regarding girls’
gendered behavior. Implications of the studies are discussed.
levels of attachment anxiety. These findings extend our understanding of the dynamics behind remaining in an abusive relationship and suggest the use of attachment security schemas as an effective technique for inclusion in interventions against (re)victimization.