virとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈwɪr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈvir]

名詞

vir m (genitive virī); second declension

1. man (adult male human)
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.1:

     Arma virumque cano.

     I sing of arms and a man.

2. brave or courageous man, hero, warrior
3. husband
4. (military) foot soldier

使用する際の注意点

Vir has the sense of adult male human being. In reference to age or maturity, it is used in opposition to puer (“boy”); in reference to gender or sex, it is used in opposition to or coordination with fēmina or mulier (“woman”). In the context of ancient Roman society, vir connoted a man of freeborn status rather than an enslaved man or freedman. Though typically used of human men, vir is sometimes applied in the sense of "male mate" or "husband" to nonhuman males, either deities or animals. "Man" in the sense of "human being" is rendered by Latin homō (e.g., as opposed to bēstia (“beast”) or deus (“god”)); in the sense of male, by Latin mās (as opposed to fēmina (“female”)).

語形変化

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -r, alternative genitive plural in -um).

上位語

• (adult male human): homō (“human being”); mās

派生語

派生した語

• → Italian: viro (learned)

参照

Further reading

• “vir”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vir”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “vir”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles summus vir illius aetatis
    
  • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus
    
  • a man of considerable learning for those times: vir ut temporibus illis doctus
    
  • a man of ability: vir magno ingenio, ingeniosus
    
  • a man of ability: vir magno ingenio praeditus
    
  • a man of learning; a scholar; a savant: vir or homo doctus, litteratus
    
  • a great scholar: vir doctissimus
    
  • a man of profound erudition: vir perfecte planeque eruditus
    
  • a man perfect in all branches of learning: vir omni doctrina eruditus
    
  • the learned men are most unanimous in..: summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)
    
  • a man of character, with a strong personality: vir constans, gravis (opp. homo inconstans, levis)
    
  • a man who has held every office (up to the consulship): vir defunctus honoribus
    
  • a hero: vir fortissimus
    
  • (ambiguous) many learned men; many scholars: multi viri docti, or multi et ii docti (not multi docti)
    
  • (ambiguous) to separate (of the woman): repudium remittere viro (Dig. 24. 3)
    
  • (ambiguous) statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes
    
  • (ambiguous) men of rank and dignity: viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22)
    

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌvɪə/
• (General American) IPA: /ˌvɪɹ/

接尾辞

-vir

1. (pharmacology) Used to form names of generic antivirals.

   carbovir

派生語

関連する語

• -vir-, -vi-

参照

• The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances‎, Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018, archived from the original on 12 January 2021

アナグラム

• RVI, VRI, IVR, Irv, IRV