urbanとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɜːb(ə)n/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈɜɹbən/
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)bən
• ハイフネーション: urb‧an

形容詞

urban (comparative more urban, superlative most urban)

1. Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside.

   urban life

   urban traffic

   • 2013 May 10, Audrey Garric, “Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 188, number 22, page 30:

     As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field. In Paris 22 hectares of roof have been planted, out of a potential total of 80 hectares.

2. Living in a city or town.
   • 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XVIII.] Of Iugerum, and Actus. Of the Ancient Lawes Ordained for Cattell in Old Time. How Often and at what Times Corn and Victuals were Exceeding Cheape at Rome. What Noble and Famous Persons Addicted Themselves Wholly to Husbandrie and Tillage..”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, pages 550–551:

     Inſomuch, as thoſe citizens vvere reputed for cheeſe and principall, vvho vvere poſſeſſed of land and living in the countrey: and theſe made the State, called the Ruſtick Tribes, in Rome: vvheras contrarivviſe the other eſtate, reputed the meaner in degree, vvas named the Vrbane Tribes; conſiſting of Artiſanes & ſuch like as vvere not landed perſons: into vvhich, if a man vvere transferred from any of the reſt, it vvas thought a great ſhame and diſgrace, as if hee vvere reproched for idleneſſe and negligence in husbandrie.

   • 1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner]; Edward Topsell, “Of the Vulgar Little Mouse”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 504:

     The Epithets of myce are thes; ſhort, ſmall, fearful, peaceable, ridiculous, ruſtik, or country mouſe, vrbane, or citty mouſe, […]

3. Having authority or jurisdiction over a city or town.
   • 1651, James Howell, “Of Officers or Magistrats in Generall”, in S.P.Q.V.: A Survay of the Signorie of Venice, […], London: […] Richard Lowndes […], →OCLC, page 16:

     All theſe Magiſtrats are but temporary, and have a time limited them; the Urbane or Citty Magiſtrats ſome of them continue in office 6. months, others 8. months, others are annuall; […]

4. (US, proscribed, outdated) Relating to contemporary African American culture, especially in music.
5. (US, UK, euphemistic, offensive) Of an inhabitant or resident: black; African-American.

使用する際の注意点

• The word urban in a musical context came to be controversial and it was described as perpetuating and reinforcing the racial stereotyping of black communities, especially black musicians, and as a catchall for music created by Black artists, regardless of genre, leading to the music industry's replacement of it with more appropriate terms.
• Urban as a descriptor of black inhabitants or residents is an offensive and stereotypical usage; see Dictionary.com's Historical usage of urban for the explanation.

別の表記

• urbane (obsolete)

反意語

等位語

派生語

参考

• Urbanus

参照

Further reading

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “urban”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

• urban in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• “urban” in Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary: Based on Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, 7th edition, Springfield, Mass.: G[eorge] & C[harles] Merriam, 1963 (1967 printing), →OCLC.
• “urban”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• Braun, Buran, Rabun, aburn, buran, unabr., unbar