tryとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 trien (“to separate out, sift, choose, select, evaluate, try a legal case”), from Anglo-Norman trier, triher, triere (“to divide, separate, choose, select, prove, determine, try a case”), Old French trier (“to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull”), of uncertain origin. Cognate with Occitan triar (“to choose, sort, scrutinise, peel”), Catalan triar (“to pick, choose, decide”). Suggested to be derived from Late Latin *trītāre (“to crush, grind, trample, wear out”), itself derived from Classical Latin trītus (“rubbed, worn down, pulverised”), the past participle of terō, terere (“to rub, wear down, trample”), though this derivation is incompatible with the Occitan form. Additionally, the shift in meaning from "rub, crush, trample" to "pick out, choose, cull" is difficult to explain. One suggestion is that the semantic shift might have originated from a Latin phrase *granum terere ("to tread the corn (in threshing)"; compare Latin trītūra (“rubbing, chafing, friction" also "threshing”)), which has a parallel in the modern French trier le grain (“to sort the grain”). Alternatively, perhaps derived from Vulgar Latin *trīāre, a metathetic alteration of *tīrāre (“to tear off, pull, draw”), whence also Old French tirer (“to draw, pull, pluck, tug, peck at, extract”), Occitan tirar (“to take, draw, retrieve, remove, extract”).

Replaced native 中期英語 cunnen (“to try”) (from 古期英語 cunnian), 中期英語 fandien (“to try, prove”) (from 古期英語 fandian), and 中期英語 costnien (“to try, tempt, test”) (from 古期英語 costnian).

別の表記

• trie (obsolete)

動詞

try (third-person singular simple present tries, present participle trying, simple past and past participle tried)

1. To attempt; to endeavour. Followed by infinitive.

   I tried to rollerblade, but I couldn’t.

   Can you start the car? —I'll try (to).

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XLIV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 361:

     Not unnaturally, “Auntie” took this communication in bad part. Thus outraged, she showed herself to be a bold as well as a furious virago. Next day she found her way to their lodgings and tried to recover her ward by the hair of the head.

   • 1980, Leigh Brackett et al., The Empire Strikes Back:

     Skywalker: Alright... I'll give it a try.
     Yoda: NO! Try not! Do, or do not. There is no "try".

   • 2014 June 21, “Magician’s brain”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8892:

     [Isaac Newton] was obsessed with alchemy. He spent hours copying alchemical recipes and trying to replicate them in his laboratory. He believed that the Bible contained numerological codes.

2. (obsolete) To divide; to separate.
   1. To separate (precious metal etc.) from the ore by melting; to purify, refine.
      • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 281:

        […] euery feend his buſie paines applyde, / To melt the golden metall, ready to be tryde.

   2. (one sort from another) To winnow; to sift; to pick out; frequently followed by out.

      to try out the wild corn from the good

      • 1531, Thomas Elyot, The Boke Named the Governour […], London: […] Tho[mas] Bertheleti, →OCLC:

        the wylde corne, beinge in shap and greatnesse lyke to the good, if they be mengled, with great difficultie will be tried out

   3. (nautical) To extract oil from blubber or fat; to melt down blubber to obtain oil
   4. To extract wax from a honeycomb
3. To test, to work out.
   1. To make an experiment. Usually followed by a present participle.

      I tried mixing more white paint to get a lighter shade.

   2. To put to test.

      I shall try my skills on this.

      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 58:

        The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track. The three returned wondering and charmed with Mrs. Cooke; they were sure she had had no hand in the furnishing of that atrocious house.

      • 1922, E. F. Benson, Miss Mapp, p. 89:

        “So mousie shall only find tins on the floor now,” thought Miss Mapp. “Mousie shall try his teeth on tins.”

      • 2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

        Plant breeding is always a numbers game. […] The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, and individual plants are highly heterozygous and do not breed true. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better.

   3. (specifically) To test someone's patience.

      You are trying my patience.

      Don't try me.

   4. (figuratively, chiefly used in the imperative) To receive an imminent attack; to take.
      • 1999, Mona the Vampire, "The X-Change Student" (season 1, episode 6a):

        Mona: Try this vampire bolt on for size!

        Cedric: Why don't you try this alien bolt?

   5. To taste, sample, etc.

      Oh, you need to try the soup of the day!

      • 1986 January 22, Bill Watterson, Calvin & Hobbes (comic):

        Calvin: What's this disgusting slimy blob?
        Dad: Try it. You'll love it.

   6. To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test.

      to try weights or measures by a standard;  to try a person's opinions

      • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]. Epilogue.”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 80, column 2:

        Let the end try the man.

   7. (with indirect interrogative clause) To attempt to determine (by experiment or effort).

      I'll try whether I can make it across town on foot.

      • 1785, James Ridgway, A Dictionary of Literary Conversation‎:

        Sir, the doctors and apothecaries are the greatest thieves in the world; they are always trying which can rob their patients the most.

   8. (law) To put on trial.

      Synonyms: doom, judge; see also Thesaurus:adjudicate

      He was tried and executed.

      • 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:

        The murderer, he recalled, had been tried and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but was pardoned by a merciful governor after serving a year of his sentence.

      • 1987, Hadi Khorsandi, “It Didn’t Quite Work Out—2”, in Ehssan Javan, transl., The Ayatollah and I:

        I sit in front of the mirror and try myself. I am no impartial judge, otherwise I would have had myself executed several times over by now.

      • 2017 August 27, Brandon Nowalk, “Game Of Thrones slows down for the longest, and best, episode of the season (newbies)”, in The Onion AV Club‎:

        Sansa pretends to gather everyone in the great hall to try Arya, and at the last moment reveals she’s actually trying Littlefinger for murder and treason, although I think everyone in that room already knew what was going on except him.

4. To experiment, to strive.
   1. To have or gain knowledge of by experience.
      • 1697, Virgil, “The First Pastoral. Or, Tityrus and Melibœus.”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 4, line 88:

        […] try the Lybian Heat, or Scythian Cold.

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

        Never more
        Mean I to trie what rash untri'd I sought,
        The paine of absence from thy sight.

   2. To work on something with one's best effort and focus.

      Dad, for God's sake, I'm trying my best!

      You are trying too hard.

   3. (obsolete) To do; to fare.

      How do you try! (i.e., how do you do?)

   4. To settle; to decide; to determine; specifically, to decide by an appeal to arms.

      to try rival claims by a duel;  to try conclusions

      • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], page 128, column 2:

        […] Left I the Court, to ſee this Quarrell try’de.

   5. (euphemistic, of a couple) To attempt to conceive a child.
5. (nautical) To lie to in heavy weather under just sufficient sail to head into the wind.
6. To strain; to subject to excessive tests.

   The light tries his eyes.

   Repeated failures try one's patience.

7. (slang, chiefly African-American Vernacular, used with another verb) To want, to desire.

   I am really not trying to hear you talk about my mama like that.

使用する際の注意点

• (to attempt): This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. Conjugations unmarked for tense can take and instead of to, for which also see Citations:try.

  I'm going to try to distract him.

  I'm going to try and distract him.

And still requires that the two verbs be in the same mood, as and normally does, but the second verb must still be in the bare form as it is after to. For this reason, and can only be used where both try and the subsequent verb are in the unmarked form. Accordingly, He will try and explain, I try and explain, and the imperative Try and explain occur, but not *He tries and explain/explains, *He tried and explain/explained, or *He is trying and explain/explaining. In the latter contexts, only to will be used: He tried to explain. Because try and is often prescriptively deprecated, it is best avoided in formal writing (aiming for the audience's approval), but descriptively it is a fact that try and is an idiomatic form.

• (to make an experiment): This is a catenative verb that takes the gerund (-ing).
• See Appendix:English catenative verbs
• In older forms of English, when the pronoun thou was in active use, and verbs used -est for distinct second-person singular indicative forms, the verb try had the form triest, and had triedst for its past tense.
• Similarly, when the ending -eth was in active use for third-person singular present indicative forms, the form trieth was used.

Conjugation

同意語

• (to attempt): attempt, endeavor, fand, mint, take a run at, take a stab at
• (to strive): strive, put/keep/etc. one's nose to the grindstone, put one's back into, give 110%, break one's back, work hard, apply oneself
• (to taste, sample, etc): sample, taste

派生語

関連する語

名詞

try (plural tries)

1. An attempt.

   I gave unicycling a try but I couldn’t do it.

   • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

     There was the day also when his favourite right uppercut had connected in most accurate and rhythmical fashion with the protruded chin of Bull Wardell of Whitechapel, whereby Silas put himself in the way of a Lonsdale Belt and a try for the championship.

   • 1974 February 2, Jonathan Cross, “Poor Butterfly”, in Gay Community News, volume 1, number 32, page 4:

     When Papillon makes his last impossible try for freedom they embrace with the tendresse of lovers, however manly and platonic.

2. An act of tasting or sampling.

   I gave sushi a try but I didn’t like it.

3. (rugby) A score in rugby league and rugby union, analogous to a touchdown in American football.

   Today I scored my first try.

   • 2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport‎:

     But two penalties and a drop-goal from Jonny Wilkinson, despite a host of other wayward attempts, plus a late try from Chris Ashton were enough to send a misfiring England through.

4. (UK, dialect, obsolete) A screen, or sieve, for grain.
   • 1603, Plutarch, translated by Philemon Holland, The Philosophie, Commonlie Called, The Morals […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield, →OCLC:

     They will not passe thorough the holes of the sieve, ruddle or trie, if they be narrow.

5. (American football) A field goal or extra point
6. (chess) A move that almost solves a chess problem, except that Black has a unique defense.
7. (programming) A block of code that may trigger exceptions the programmer expects to catch, usually demarcated by the keyword try.

   Coordinate terms: except, catch

同意語

• (an attempt): bash, go, stab, whirl
• (an act of tasting or sampling): sampling, taste, tasting
• (a score in rugby): touchdown (American football)
• (the point after touchdown): extra point (American football)

派生語

語源 2

Probably from Old French trié.

形容詞

try (comparative more try, superlative most try)

1. (obsolete) Fine, excellent.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, page 203:

     But he her ſuppliant hands, thoſe hands of gold, / And eke her feete, thoſe feete of ſiluer trye, […] Chopt off […].

アナグラム

• Tyr