topとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 top, toppe, from 古期英語 topp (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), of unknown ultimate origin.

Cognate with Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), Cimbrian sòpf (“braid”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), German Topp (“top of a mast”), Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), Luxembourgish Zapp (“plait, tress”), Vilamovian cöp (“braid, plait”), Yiddish צאָפּ (tsop, “braid”), Danish top (“top”), Icelandic toppur (“top”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Italian zuffa (“brawl”).

The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related to Dutch top and dop in this sense, against Standard Dutch tol, and French toupie having this sense.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /tɒp/, [tʰɒp]
• (General American) IPA: /tɑp/, [tʰɑp]
• 韻: -ɒp

名詞

top (countable and uncountable, plural tops)

1. The highest or uppermost part of something.

   Synonyms: peak, summit, overside

   Antonyms: bottom, base, underside

   His kite got caught at the top of the tree.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection.
     […] The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook, […].

   1. (irrespective of present orientation) The part of something that is usually highest or uppermost.

      We flipped the machine onto its top.

      • 2013 March 20, Dewayne Carel, “Cooler Master V8 CPU Cooler”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, retrieved 1 October 2017:

        To mount the V8, I simply placed it on its top, and then prepped the mobo/CPU for installation (applied thermal compound).

   2. The uppermost part of a page, picture, viewing screen, etc.

      Synonym: (of a page) head

      Antonym: (of a page) foot

      Further weather information can be found at the top of your television screen.

      Headings appear at the tops of pages.

   3. A lid, cap, or cover of a container.

      Synonyms: cap, coverlid

      Put a top on the toothpaste tube or it will go bad.

   4. A garment worn to cover the torso.

      Antonym: bottom

      I bought this top as it matches my jeans.

      I like this pyjama top.

   5. A framework at the top of a ship's mast to which rigging is attached.
   6. (baseball) The first half of an inning, during which the home team fields and the visiting team bats.
   7. (archaic) The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head.
      • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 39:

        Like glauncing light of Phoebus brightest ray;
        From top to toe no place appeared bare

      • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

        All the stored vengeances of Heaven fall / On her ungrateful top!

2. The near end of somewhere.

   The patio is at the top of my garden.

   The shop is at the top of my street.

3. A child's spinning toy; a spinning top.

   The boy was amazed at how long the top would spin.

4. Someone who is eminent.
   1. (archaic) The chief person; the most prominent one.
      • 1649, J[ohn] Milton, ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC:

        to be the top of zealots

   2. The highest rank; the most honourable position; the utmost attainable place.

      to be at the top of one's class, or at the top of the school

      • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

        And wears upon his baby brow the round / And top of sovereignty.

      • 2011 September 29, Tom Rostance, “Stoke 2-1 Besiktas”, in BBC Sport:

        After drawing their first game in Kiev the Potters are now top of Europa League Group E ahead of back-to-back games with Maccabi Tel-Aviv.

      • 2025 March 13, Hilary Whiteman, “US tourist filmed running off with baby wombat flees Australia after visa threat”, in CNN‎:

        The criticism came from the very top of Australian politics, with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese suggesting Thursday that Jones should try her luck with another Australian animal that was more likely to put up a fight.

5. (finance) A peak price of a security during a trading period, before it begins a downward trend.
   • 1921, The Market Reporter, volumes 3-4, United States. Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates, page 22:

     the daily average price of packer and shipper purchases ranging between $14 and $16. Beginning with the middle of September prices moved sharply upward until a top of $18.25 was reached during the week of Sept. 25. From this high point prices moved downward sharply […]

6. (BDSM) A dominant partner in a sadomasochistic relationship or roleplay.

   Synonyms: (usually male) dom, dominant, (female) domme, dominatrix

   Coordinate terms: bottom, sub

   • 1981 August 15, Nancy Wechsler, “Sadomasochism: Fears, Facts, Fantasies”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 5, page 8:

     As I went on doing s/m more and more, I found the idea of topping real attractive and so I started to do that. At this point in my life I'm playing top almost all the time.

   1. (loosely, by extension) A dominant partner in a sexual relationship.
7. (LGBTQ slang) A person who penetrates or has a preference for penetrating during intercourse.

   Synonym: (US) pitcher

   Coordinate term: bottom

   I prefer being a top, and my boyfriend prefers being a bottom.

   • 2020, Paul Mendez, Rainbow Milk, Dialogue Books (2021), page 336:

     Jean-Alain is a man of great physical strength, and Jesse is sure he is quite a handful for his tops.

8. (slang, vulgar, African-American Vernacular, MLE, MTE) Fellatio; a blowjob.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:oral sex

   • 2016 November 18, J $tash, “Guap”, in No More Distractions‎:

     Running up a check, I'ma drop the top
     Baby gimme neck, you know I want some top
     You ain't tryna fuck, then baby don't just stop

   • 2017, Juice Wrld, “2017 Freestyle”, in Unreleased Songs‎:

     I get some top in my coupe […]
     Look at yo bitch she gon' choose
     She gon' give me top (on my block Avenue)

   • 2017, T-Wayne, “Double Standards” (track 2, 0:42–0:55 from the start), in Forever Rickey:

     I just bought a new Ferrari off the lot,
     said she a virgin but she wanna give me top,
     she need some money so she call my phone a lot,
     I picked it up and then I told that bitch to stop.

   • 2017 December 22, “No Hook”, performed by 61 – Cee Drilla x Beans x Nz x Ruger, 0:53–1:00:

     Man chingy chingy on opps,
     catch ringy ringy, want lots
     And clingy, clingy, got dots
     She is a bad b, she gives tops

   • 2019 March 19, Nav, “Price on My Head”, in Bad Habits‎:

     His bitch gave me some top, and now he wanna send me threats

   • 2019 November 20, Oliver Francis, “I Like”, in The Adventures Of Oliver Francis‎:

     I like gettin' top (Ooh), I like drivin' coupes […]
     Yeah I got Erza Scarlet tryna fuck (Yeah, ooh)
     Gettin' top and watching Crunchyroll

   • 2020 February 21, King Von, “Took Her to the O”, in Levon James‎:

     Just got some top from this stripper bitch, she from Kankakee

   • 2020 August 7, DON RCS, “Top Down”‎:

     She asked to give me some top and I’m down
     Head feeling loose ‘cos I’m lit off the brown

   • 2020 September 11, Ron Suno, “Wraith”‎ ft. DDG, chorus first time 0:24–0:27:

     I’m in a wraith with a thot, she gon’ give me some top, cause my music a bop, aye

9. (particle physics) A top quark.

   Hypernym: flavor

10. The utmost degree; the acme; the summit.
    • June 18 1714, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift

      The top of my own ambition is to contribute to that work.

11. (ropemaking) A plug or conical block of wood with longitudinal grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.
12. (sound) Highest pitch or loudest volume.

    She sang at the top of her voice.

    • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

      I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.

13. (wool manufacture) A bundle or ball of slivers of combed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.
    • 2014, W. J. Johnson, Yarn Works: How to Spin, Dye, and Knit Your Own Yarn, page 32:

      Most cotton is sold as top, requiring only predrafting prior to spinning.

14. (obsolete, except in one sense of phrase on top of) Eve; verge; point.
    • 1603, Richard Knolles, The Generall Historie of the Turkes, […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:

      Hee was upon the top of his marriage with Magdalaine.

15. The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface.
16. (in the plural, slang, dated) Topboots.
    • 1836, “Boz” [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], Sketches by “Boz,” Illustrative of Every-day Life, and Every-day People. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Macrone, […], →OCLC:

      There was one pair of boots in particular — a jolly, good-tempered, hearty-looking, pair of tops, that excited our warmest regard

17. (golf, billiards, racquet sports) A stroke on the top of the ball.
18. (golf, billiards, racquet sports) A forward spin given to the ball by hitting it on or near the top; topspin.
    • 1886, E.T.Sachs, The Boys Own Annual: Lawn-Tennis of the Present‎, volume 9, page 778:

      What is wanted is just the reverse - i.e top or overspin, which causes the ball to revolve in the direction in which it is going.

19. (in restaurants, preceded by a number) (A table at which there is, or which has enough seats for) a group of a specified number of people eating at a restaurant.
    • 2014, Jamey Glasnovic, Lost and Found: Adrift in the Canadian Rockies, →ISBN, page 144:

      […] but with only three other tables on the patio apart from myself – two three-tops and a five-top – it's hard to imagine what the holdup is.

    • 2015, Jeff Benjamin, Front of the House: Restaurant Manners, Misbehaviors & Secrets, →ISBN:

      It is uncanny how a server can stand in front of a ten top, without the safety net of pen and paper, and remember every item ordered by each guest including salads, […]

20. Ellipsis of topswarm.
    • 1866, The Scottish Gardener, page 397:

      My first topswarm came off on the 25th June, and a second top on the day following; both were put into skeps of one size, and appeared to be equal as regards the number of Bees.

21. (military) The First Sergeant or Master Sergeant (U.S. Marine Corps), senior enlisted man at company level.
22. (Philippines, usually in the plural) a shoot (eaten as a vegetable).

派生語

動詞

top (third-person singular simple present tops, present participle topping, simple past and past participle topped)

1. To cover on the top or with a top.

   I like my ice cream topped with chocolate sauce.

2. To exceed in height.
   • 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 17:

     Five were proper slender youths, the eldest of whom had not yet beard full grown, black-browed and great of jaw; the sixth, huge as a neat, topped them by half a head.

3. To excel, to surpass, to beat, to exceed.

   Synonyms: beat, better, best, exceed; see also Thesaurus:exceed

   Titanic was the most successful film ever until it was topped by another Cameron film, Avatar.

   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Well, my legitimate, if this letter speed, / And my invention thrive, Edmund the base / Shall top th' legitimate. I grow; I prosper

   • 2005 August 23, Leslie Feinberg, “Headwaters of first mass political gay movement rise”, in Workers World‎:

     Within months, sales of ONE magazine were topping 2,000 copies.

   • 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, number 941, page 50:

     The HSDT team, however, had some work to do, although by the end of 1972 the power car interior had been adjusted and BR had agreed to 'double-manning' with extra pay when speeds topped the ton. [exceeded 100 mph]

4. To be in the lead, to be at number one position (of).

   Celine Dion topped the UK music charts twice in the 1990s.

   • 2013 December 26, Phil McNulty, BBC Sport:

     Liverpool topped the table on Christmas Day and, after Arsenal's win at West Ham earlier on Boxing Day, would have returned to the top had they been the first team to beat City at home this season.

5. To cut or remove the top (as of a tree)

   I don't want to be bald, so just top my hair.

   Top and tail the carrots.

   • 2003, Dan Prendergast, Erin Prendergast, The Tree Doctor: A Guide to Tree Care and Maintenance, →ISBN, page 78:

     Topping depletes the tree of stored energy reserves and reduces the tree's ability to produce energy, as a large percentage of the leaves are removed.

6. (British, Australia, slang, reflexive) To commit suicide.

   Depression causes many people to top themselves.

7. (British, Australia, slang, rare, chiefly archaic) To murder or execute.

   Synonyms: kill, murder, slaughter, slay; see also Thesaurus:kill

   • 1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, published 1861:

     Thirty-six were cast for death, and only one was ‘topped’ (hanged), the very one that expected to be ‘turned up’ (acquitted) for highway robbery.

8. (BDSM) To be the dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.

   I used to be a slave, but I ended up topping.

   Giving advice to the dominant partner on how to run the BDSM session is called "topping from the bottom".

   • 1981 August 15, Nancy Wechsler, “Sadomasochism: Fears, Facts, Fantasies”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 5, page 8:

     As I went on doing s/m more and more, I found the idea of topping real attractive and so I started to do that. At this point in my life I'm playing top almost all the time.

9. (LGBTQ slang, transitive, intransitive) To penetrate during sexual intercourse.
10. (archaic) To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower.

    topping passions

    • 1713, W[illiam] Derham, Physico-Theology: Or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, from His Works of Creation. […], London: […] W[illiam] Innys, […], →OCLC:

      lofty and topping mountains

    • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:
      , Book II, Chapter XXI

      influenced by that topping uneasiness

11. (archaic) To excel; to rise above others.
12. (nautical) To raise one end of (a yard, etc.), making it higher than the other.
13. (dyeing) To cover with another dye.

    to top aniline black with methyl violet to prevent greening

14. To put a stiffening piece or back on (a saw blade).
15. (slang, dated) To arrange (fruit, etc.) with the best on top.
16. (of a horse) To strike the top of (an obstacle) with the hind feet while jumping, so as to gain new impetus.
17. To improve (domestic animals, especially sheep) by crossing certain individuals or breeds with other superior breeds.
18. To cut, break, or otherwise take off the top of (a steel ingot) to remove unsound metal.
19. (golf) To strike (the ball) above the centre; also, to make (a stroke, etc.) by hitting the ball in this way.

派生語

形容詞

top (not comparable)

1. Situated on the top of something.
2. (informal) Best; of the highest quality, fame or rank.

   She's in the top dance school.

3. (informal) Very good, of high quality, power, or rank.

   He's a top lawyer.

   That is a top car.

   • 2018 July 31, Julia Carrie Wong, “What is QAnon? Explaining the bizarre rightwing conspiracy theory”, in The Guardian‎:

     In a thread called “Calm Before the Storm”, and in subsequent posts, Q established his legend as a government insider with top security clearance who knew the truth about a secret struggle for power involving Donald Trump, the “deep state”, Robert Mueller, the Clintons, pedophile rings, and other stuff.

4. (transgender) Relating to the chest or breasts.

   Coordinate term: bottom

   top surgery

派生語

副詞

top (not comparable)

1. Best, highest.

   Our product is top-rated on all major platforms.

   This is the top-performing school in the area.

同意語

• first

間投詞

top

1. (obsolete) The signal among tailors and seamstresses for snuffing the candle. The last of them to cry "top" had to snuff the candle.
   • 1819, New Bon Ton Magazine; Or, Telescope of the Times, page 93:

     My hairs, you perceive, are grown grey in following our sublime trade: full many a time have I cried top in the winter, the first of all the gentlemen on the board; and many a time has it fallen to my lot to apply the snuffers, and take off the filthy excrescence from the candle myself, but never before, in the experience of fifty long years, was it thought that English tailors were inferior to foreign ones.

   • 1879, Jacob Thompson (jun.), Eldmuir (page 21)

     "Well," replied Davie, […] "a wilful woman must have her way like any man — and I doubt your patience is sorely tried, Barbara — Top!"
     This last expression, which may seem rather irrelevant, had direct reference to the wick of the candle, which required snuffing […]

参考

• topple

参照

• “top”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• OPT, OPt, OTP, PTO, TPO, oPt, opt, opt., pot

語源

From 古期英語 topp, toppa, from Proto-West Germanic *topp.

発音

• IPA: /tɔp/, /tɔːp/

名詞

top (plural toppes)

1. The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:
   1. The peak of a mountain or other landform.
   2. The roof or ceil of a house; the top of a fence.
   3. A lid or cap; a removable top or topping.
   4. The head, especially its top or the hair on its top.
2. A small deck at the dop of a ship's sails.
3. A cluster or bunch of fibres; a tassel.
4. A top or whirligig (spinning toy)
5. The start or introduction of something.
6. (rare) The tip or end of something; that which something terminates in.

派生語

• toppen
• toppyng

派生した語

• English: top
  • → French: top
  • → German: Top
  • → Vietnamese: tốp
• Scots: tap

参照

• “top, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 August 2018.
• “top, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 August 2018.