stratumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈstɹɑː.təm/, /ˈstɹeɪ.təm/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈstɹeɪ.təm/, [ˈstɹeɪ.ɾəm], /ˈstɹæt.əm/, [ˈstɹæɾ.əm]
• (General Australian) IPA: /ˈstɹaː.təm/
• 韻: -ɑːtəm, -eɪtəm, -ætəm

名詞

stratum (plural stratums or strata)

1. One of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another.

   Synonym: tier

   • 1884, Alfred Ronald Conkling, Appleton's Guide to Mexico, page 43:

     It is built of alternate strata of brick and clay, and the sides correspond to the direction of the meridians and parallels.

   • 1952 July, W. R. Watson, “Sankey Viaduct and Embankment”, in Railway Magazine, page 487:

     He describes the operation thus: "The heavy ram employed to impart the finishing strokes, hoisted up with double purchase and snail's pace to the summit of the Piling Engine, and then falling down like a thunderbolt on the head of the devoted timber, driving it perhaps a single half inch in to the stratum below, is well calculated to put to the test the virtue of patience, while it illustrates the old adage of—slow and sure."

2. (geology) A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout.

   Synonyms: bed, layer

   Coordinate term: seam

   • 1961 November, “Talking of Trains: The subsidence problem”, in Trains Illustrated, page 651:

     An illuminating article in a recent issue of the Eastern Region's Civil Engineering News points out that where coal is worked over a reasonably large area, it is not only the whole of the strata above the workings, but also an area beyond which is liable to subside at varying rates after the coal has been removed.

3. Any of the regions of the atmosphere, such as the stratosphere, that occur as layers.
4. (biology) A layer of tissue.
5. A class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status.
6. (ecology) A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height.
7. (computing) The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network.
   • 2006, Roderick W. Smith, Linux Samba Server Administration:

     Computers that synchronize themselves to the stratum 1 time servers are known as stratum 2 time servers if they allow others to synchronize to them, and so on.

8. (linguistics) A historical layer of a language.

   Synonym: strate

派生語

関連する語

• stratification
• stratify
• stratosphere

Further reading

• stratum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “stratum”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “stratum”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

語源

From strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈstraː.tũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈstraː.tum]

名詞

strātum n (genitive strātī); second declension

1. a bed-covering, coverlet, quilt, blanket
2. a pillow, bolster
3. a bed, couch

   Synonym: lectus

4. a horse-blanket, saddle-cloth
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 7.14:

     […] : mulis strata detrahi iubet binisque tantum centunculis relictis agasones partim captivis, partim aegrorum armis ornatos imponit.

     […] : he orders the mules to be stripped off their saddles and, leaving them only some two small pieces of patchwork to be sat on, be mounted with their muleteers carrying weapons taken from either the prisoners or the sick.

5. a pavement

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生した語

動詞

strātum

1. accusative supine of sternō

参照

• “stratum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “stratum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "stratum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “stratum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) a street, a made road: via strata
    
  • (ambiguous) to prostrate oneself before a person: ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre)
    
  • (ambiguous) all have perished by the sword: omnia strata sunt ferro