spiculumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin spīculum (“a little sharp point”), from spīcum, alternative form of spīca (“point, spike”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈspɪkjʊləm/

名詞

spiculum (plural spicula)

1. A thrusting javelin used by Romans that replaced the pilum in the late 3rd century.
2. A sharp, pointed crystal, especially of ice.
3. (zoology) A sharp, needle-like structure, especially those making up the skeleton of a sponge.
4. (astronomy) A small radial emission of gas seen in the chromosphere and corona of the sun.

同意語

• (sharp, pointed crystal): spicula
• (sharp, needle-like strucutre): spicule
• (small radial emission of gas): spicule

派生語

• spiculum amoris

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈspiː.ku.lum/, [ˈs̠piːkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈspi.ku.lum/, [ˈspiːkulum]

名詞

spīculum n (genitive spīculī); second declension

1. little sharp point or sting
2. dart, arrow

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生した語

• Italo-Dalmatian
  • Italian: spigolo (“corner, edge”)
• Occitano-Romance
  • Catalan: espígol (“lavender”)
  • ⇒ Gascon: arrespilh (“piece of wood for patching containers”)
• Oïl
  • ⇒ Picard: épillon (“bee's stinger, barb”)
• West Iberian
  • Aragonese: espligo (“lavender”)
    • → Spanish: espliego
  • Galician: esprego (“lavender”)
  • → Basque: izpiliku
• Borrowings
  • → English: spicule, spiculum
  • → French: spicule
  • → Portuguese: espículo

From Vulgar Latin *spiclu(m):

• Italian: spicchio (“wedge, clove”)
• Sicilian: spicchiu (“clove”)

From spīcula (plural):

• Italo-Dalmatian
  • Corsican: spigula (“tap, spigot”)
  • Tuscan: specchia (Sillano)
• Gallo-Italic
  • Piedmontese: spigula (Alpine)
• Rhaeto-Romance
  • Ladin: spigola (“comb for flax”)
• Oïl
  • Gallo: épille
  • Norman: épile
  • Old French: espille
  • Picard: épieule, épiule

参照

• Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “espliego”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 750
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “spīcŭlum”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 12: Sk–š, page 176

Further reading

• “spiculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “spiculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• spiculum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “spiculum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin