sinisterとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• sinistre (obsolete)

語源

From 中期英語 sinistre (“unlucky”), from Old French senestre, sinistre (“left”), from Latin sinister (“left hand”).

発音

enPR: sĭn′ĭ-stər

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsɪnɪstə/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈsɪnɪstɚ/

enPR: sĭ-nĭ′stər

Accented on the middle syllable by the older poets, such as Shakespeare, Milton, and Dryden.

• (Indic) IPA: /sɪˈnɪsʈə(ɾ)/

形容詞

sinister (comparative more sinister, superlative most sinister)

1. Inauspicious, ominous, unlucky, illegitimate (as in bar sinister).

   Synonyms: foreboding, portentous; see also Thesaurus:ominous

   • 1611, Ben[jamin] Jonson, Catiline His Conspiracy, London: […] [William Stansby?] for Walter Burre, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

     All the several ills that visit earth,
     Brought forth by night, with a sinister birth.

   • 1922, Michael Arlen, “1/5/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days‎:

     And in the meanwhile, Society shivered a little feverishly, filled now with the scions of those who had come over with the Jewish and American Conquests. Escutcheons were becoming valueless, how sinister soever the blots and clots upon them.

2. Evil or seemingly evil; indicating lurking danger or harm.

   Synonyms: malicious, malevolent; see also Thesaurus:evil

   sinister influences

   the sinister atmosphere of the crypt

3. (archaic) Of the left side.

   Antonym: dexter

   • c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v], column 2:

     my Mothers bloud
     Runs on the dexter checke, and this ſiniſter
     Bounds in my fathers:

   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 235:

     His ſicatrice, with an Embleme of warre, heere on his ſiniſter cheeke;

   • 1911, Saki, ‘The Unrest-Cure’, The Chronicles of Clovis:

     Before the train had stopped he had decorated his sinister shirt-cuff with the inscription, ‘J. P. Huddle, The Warren, Tilfield, near Slowborough.’

4. (heraldry) On the left side of a shield from the wearer's standpoint, and the right side to the viewer.

   Antonym: dexter

   • 1956 July, Col. H. C. B. Rogers, “Railway Heraldry”, in Railway Magazine, page 477:

     The shield was divided into five, with two coats of arms on the dexter side (the right-hand side from the point of view of the bearer of the shield)—London and Southampton—and three on the sinister side—Salisbury, Winchester and Portsmouth.

5. (obsolete) Wrong, as springing from indirection or obliquity; perverse; dishonest.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Judicature”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     Nimble and sinister tricks and shifts.

   • 1667, Robert South, The Practice of Religion Enforced by Reason:

     He scorns to undermine another's interest by any sinister or inferior arts.

   • 1822, [Walter Scott], The Pirate. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:

     He read in their looks […] sinister intentions directed particularly toward himself.

派生語

参照

アナグラム

• insister, resistin, sinistre

語源

From Proto-Italic *senisteros, of unclear origin. Possibly a euphemism from Proto-Indo-European *senh₂-is- (“more obtaining”), from *senh₂- (“to seek, gain”) (thus the direction of "left" as "the more favorable (side)"), and cognate with Sanskrit सनोति (sanoti, “to gain, procure”), सनीयान् (sanīyān, “more useful, more advantageous”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [sɪˈnɪs.tɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [siˈnis.t̪er]

形容詞

sinister (feminine sinistra, neuter sinistrum, comparative sinistrior, superlative sinistimus, adverb sinistrē); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

1. left

   Synonyms: laevus, scaevus

   Antonym: dexter

2. perverse, bad; or adverse, hostile
   • 1st BC, Virgilius

     mores sinistri
     arboribus Notus sinister

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (religion) auspicious (for Romans) or inauspicious (for Greeks)
   • 1st BC, Virgilius

     sinistra cornix

     good omen

   • 2nd century, Apuleius

     sinistro pede profectus

     started with bad omen

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).

派生した語

Reflexes of the late variant sinexter (influenced by dexter):

Borrowings:

参照

• “sinister”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sinister”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “sĭnĭster”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 11: S–Si, page 649