sickとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: sĭk, IPA: /sɪk/
• 異形同音異義語: sic, Sikh
• 韻: -ɪk

語源 1

From 中期英語 sik, sike, seek, seke, seok, from 古期英語 sēoc (“sick, ill”), from Proto-West Germanic *seuk, from Proto-Germanic *seukaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sewg- (“to be troubled or grieved”).

See also West Frisian siik, Dutch ziek, German siech, Norwegian Bokmål syk, Norwegian Nynorsk sjuk, Danish syg; also Middle Irish socht (“silence, depression”), Old Armenian հիւծանիմ (hiwcanim, “I am weakening”).

The "very good, excellent" sense is an ameliorative semantic shift from the original sense of "in poor health". Compare similar semantic development in terrific and wicked.

形容詞

sick (comparative sicker, superlative sickest)

1. In poor health; ill.

   Synonyms: ill, not well, poorly, sickly, unwell; see also Thesaurus:diseased

   Antonyms: fit, healthy, well

   We have to care for the sick.

   • a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc’s “Science of cirurgie.”‎, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:

     Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 7, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     ‘Children crawled over each other like little grey worms in the gutters,’ he said. ‘The only red things about them were their buttocks and they were raw. Their faces looked as if snails had slimed on them and their mothers were like great sick beasts whose byres had never been cleared. […]’

   1. [with with] Afflicted by (a specific condition, usually medical).

      She was sick all day with the flu.

      sick with a cold—sick with contagious diseases—sick with sciatica—sick with love—sick with worry

2. Having an urge to vomit.

   Synonyms: nauseated; see also Thesaurus:nauseated

   My daughter was violently sick three times in the night.

   • 1913, The Texas criminal reports, page 8:

     In the meantime the old man had gotten up and gone out in the yard and began to vomit. Henry said I believe I feel sick and got up and went out. He went out one door and his father went out the other one. I did not think there was anything wrong with the coffee and I asked my wife to pour this out […]

   • 1918, Cecil Day Lewis, The Whispering Roots, Jonathan Cape, page 140:

     Q. Didn't he complain he was sick before he commenced to vomit?
     A. He did, just before he said, to me, “I feel sick,” I asked him if he wanted to throw up and he said yes.

   • 1958, Gene D’Olive, Chiara, Signet Book:

     […] trying hard to cry. Crying’s good. Crying teaches him to breathe. But I wish he weren’t crying from hunger. I feel dizzy. I sit down and feel a little sick. Maybe I’ll vomit, too. No, I never vomit. I feel sick, but I won’t vomit. I never vomit.

   • 2013, Cheryl Rainfield, Stained, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 38:

     I feel sick, like I might vomit, and I'm more tired than I can ever remember feeling.

3. (colloquial) Mentally unstable, disturbed.

   Synonyms: disturbed, twisted, warped

   You sick bastard!

   • 2018, Boy Pablo, “Sick Feeling”‎:

     What a sick, sick feeling / To let you go, my dear

4. (colloquial) In bad taste.

   That’s a sick joke.

5. [with of] Tired of or annoyed by (something that has lasted a long time or often recurs).

   sick and tired of the whining—sick of waiting—'sick of politics

   I’ve heard that song on the radio so many times that I’m starting to get sick of it.

   • 2015, “Same Old Love”, in Revival, performed by Selena Gomez:

     I’m so sick of that same old love, the kind that breaks your heart.

6. (slang) Very good, excellent, awesome, badass.

   Synonyms: rad, wicked; see also Thesaurus:excellent

   Antonyms: crap, naff, uncool

   This tune is sick.

   He showed off his sick surfing skills.

   Dude, this car's got a sick subwoofer!

7. In poor condition.

   sick building syndrome; my car is looking pretty sick; my job prospects are pretty sick

8. (agriculture) Failing to sustain adequate harvests of crop, usually specified.

派生語

派生した語

• Tok Pisin: sik
• → Dutch: sick
• → Navajo: sxih
• → Tamil: சீக்கு (cīkku)

名詞

sick (uncountable)

1. (British, Australia, colloquial) Vomit.
   • 2003, Lynsey Calderwood, Cracked: Recovering After Traumatic Brain Injury, page 132:

     […] they're spitting and belching chunks of lentilly gunk. Looks like sick.

   • 2010, Michael Jayfox, E. Chas McSween, Intravenus DeMilo, Enron Hubbard, Hunter McKenzie-Smythe, Flash Johnson, Things Bogans Like, Sydney: Hachette, page 80:

     The bogan, true to form, laps it up like a dog does its own sick.

2. (British, colloquial) (especially in the phrases on the sick and on long-term sick) Any of various current or former benefits or allowances paid by the Government to support the sick, disabled or incapacitated.

同意語

• (vomit): See Thesaurus:vomit

派生語

• (ill): sickie a day of sick leave, often implying some level of deceit as in "throw a sickie" - take a day's sick leave for some other purpose. go down like a cup of cold sick / go down like a cup of sick

動詞

sick (third-person singular simple present sicks, present participle sicking, simple past and past participle sicked)

1. (British, Australia, colloquial) To vomit.

   I woke up at 4 am and sicked on the floor.

2. (obsolete except in dialect, intransitive) To fall sick; to sicken.
   • c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]. Epilogue.”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Our great-grandsire, Edward, sick'd and died.

   • 2005, Damian Marley, “Welcome to Jamrock”, in Welcome to Jamrock(album)‎:

     Old man to pickney, so wave unno hand if you with me /To see the sufferation sick me.

派生語

• sick up

語源 2

Variant of sic, itself an alteration of seek.

動詞

sick (third-person singular simple present sicks, present participle sicking, simple past and past participle sicked)

1. (rare) Alternative spelling of sic (“set upon”).
   • 1920, James Oliver Curwood, Back to God's Country:

     "Wapi," she almost screamed, "go back! Sick 'em, Wapi—sick 'em—sick 'em—sick 'em!"

   • 1938, Johannes Buchholtz, translated by Eugene Gay-Tifft, The Saga of Frank Dover, Kessinger Publishing edition, published 2005, →ISBN, page 125:

     When we were at work swabbing the deck, necessarily barelegged, Pelle would sick the dog on us; and it was an endless source of pleasure to him when the dog succeeded in fastening its teeth in our legs and making the blood run down our ankles.

   • 1957, J. D. Salinger, "Zooey", in, 1961, Franny and Zooey, 1991 LB Books edition, page 154,

     "...is just something God sicks on people who have the gall to accuse Him of having created an ugly world."

   • 2001 (publication date), Anna Heilman, Never Far Away: The Auschwitz Chronicles of Anna Heilman, University of Calgary Press, →ISBN, page 82,

     Now they find a new entertainment: they sick the dog on us.

アナグラム

• CKIs