servusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Old Latin servos, from Proto-Italic *serwos (“guardian”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”) +‎ *-wós. Cognate with servō, Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (harati, “he heeds, protects”). Northern Luri هیر (hir, “protects”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈsɛr.wʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈsɛr.vus]
• ハイフネーション: ser‧vus

名詞

servus m (genitive servī, feminine serva); second declension

1. a slave
   • Captivi ("the captives") by Plautus (English and Latin text)

     Quem patrem, qui servos est?

     Father! What do you mean, when he’s a slave?

2. a serf
3. a servant

使用する際の注意点

• Until the Augustan period, servos was more common.

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

参考

• ancula (> ancilla)
• anculus
• sclavus
• familiāris

参照

• “servus²”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “servus²”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette: “1,432/2”
• “seruus¹” on page 1,748/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “servus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 967/2

形容詞

servus (feminine serva, neuter servum); first/second-declension adjective

1. slavish, servile (to the senses or to authority)
2. (of lands, buildings) subject or liable to servitude

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

参照

• “servus¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “servus¹”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette: “1,432/2”
• “seruus²” on page 1,748 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

参照

• “servus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “servus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "servus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to act the rôle of a slave, pander: agere servum, lenonem
    
  • a good, useful slave: frugi (opp. nequam) servus
    
  • a degraded, servile condition: infima fortuna or condicio servorum
    
  • (ambiguous) to examine slaves by torture: de servis quaerere (in dominum)
    
• “servus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “servus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

アナグラム

• versus