secularとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 seculer, from Old French seculer, from Latin saeculāris (“of the age”), from saeculum.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈsɛkjʊlə/
• (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈsɛkjələɹ/

形容詞

secular (comparative more secular, superlative most secular)

1. Not specifically religious; lay or civil, as opposed to clerical.

   Antonym: religious

2. Temporal; worldly, or otherwise not based on something timeless.
3. (Christianity) Not bound by the vows of a religious order.

   Coordinate term: religious (technical sense within the church)

   Near-synonym: nonmonastic

   secular clergy in Catholicism

4. Happening once in an age or century.

   The secular games of ancient Rome were held to mark the end of a saeculum and the beginning of the next.

5. Continuing over a long period of time.

   Synonym: long-term

   The long-term growth in population and income accounts for most secular trends in economic phenomena.

   on a secular basis

   • 2005, Alpha Chiang, Kevin Wainwright, Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill International, page 501:

     In this event, the ${\displaystyle s\phi (k)}$ curve in Fig. 15.5 will be subject to a secular upward shift, resulting in successively higher intersections with the ${\displaystyle \lambda k}$ ray and also in larger values of ${\displaystyle {\bar {k}}}$.

   • 2006, “Economics focus: Dividing the pie”, in The Economist‎:

     The skewed distribution of productivity gains is thus less a new phenomenon than a secular trend.

6. (literary) Centuries-old, ancient.
   • 1899 April, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number MII, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part III (Conclusion):

     The long reaches that were like one and the same reach, monotonous bends that were exactly alike, slipped past the steamer with their multitude of secular trees looking patiently after this grimy fragment of another world, the forerunner of change, of conquest, of trade, of massacres, of blessings.

7. (astrophysics, geology) Relating to long-term non-periodic irregularities, especially in planetary motion or magnetic field.
   • 2003, E. T. Jaynes, Probability Theory: The Logic of Science, Cambridge University Press, pages 234–235:

     Laplace (1749–1827) "saved the world" by using probability theory to estimate the parameters accurately enough to show that the drift of Jupiter was not secular after all; the observations at hand had covered only a fraction of a cycle of an oscillation with a period of about 880 years.

8. (atomic physics) Unperturbed over time.
   • 2000, S. A. Dikanov, Two-dimensional ESEEM Spectroscopy, in New Advances in Analytical Chemistry (Atta-ur-Rahman, ed.), page 539

     The secular A and nonsecular B parts of hyperfine interaction for any particular frequencies ν_α and ν_β are derived from eqn.(21) by ...

同意語

• (not religious): worldly
• (centuries old): plurisecular, multisecular

反意語

• nonsecular
• (antonym(s) of “not religious”): religious
• (antonym(s) of “not religious”): sacred (used especially of music)
• (antonym(s) of “not bound by monastic vows”): monastic
• (antonym(s) of “not bound by monastic vows”): regular (as regular clergy in Catholicism)
• eternal, everlasting
• frequent
• unpredictable
• non-recurring
• (antonym(s) of “finance”): short-term
• (antonym(s) of “finance”): cyclical

派生語

関連する語

参考

• material
• mundane
• practical
• quotidian
• rational

名詞

secular (plural seculars)

1. A secular ecclesiastic, or one not bound by monastic rules.
   • 1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC:

     On further examination, I found the clergy, in general, persons of moderate minds and decorous manners : I include the seculars, and the regulars of both sexes

2. A church official whose functions are confined to the vocal department of the choir.
3. A layman, as distinguished from a clergyman.

参照

• “secular”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• secular in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “secular”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• Webster's English Dictionary

アナグラム

• Clauser, cesural, recusal