scaldとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (米国発音) IPA: /skɔld/, (cot–caught merger) /skɑld/
• (英国発音) IPA: /skɔːld/, /skɒld/
• 韻: -ɔːld
• Homophone: skald

語源 1

From 中期英語 scalden, from Old Northern French escalder (cf. central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from ex- (“off, out”) +‎ cal(i)dus (“hot”).

動詞

scald (third-person singular simple present scalds, present participle scalding, simple past and past participle scalded)

1. To burn with hot liquid.

   to scald the hand

   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals), page vii, line 48:

     Mine own tears / Do scald like molten lead.

   • 1656, Abraham Cowley, Davideis:

     Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall.

   • 1943 March and April, “Notes and News: Southern Locomotive Destroys Raider”, in Railway Magazine, page 119:

     The fireman was scalded by steam, but he did not fare so badly as the enemy pilot, whose dead body was found on a bank about 100 yd. away from the train.

2. (cooking) To heat almost to boiling.

   Scald the milk until little bubbles form.

名詞

scald (plural scalds)

1. A burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by hot liquid or steam.
2. A paste, made by mixing flour with hot or boiling water (causing starches in it to gelatinize and hold more water) and allowing that mixture to sit and cool, which is added to bread dough to produce a softer bread that takes longer to stale.

   Coordinate terms: tangzhong, yudane

   • 1911, William Jago, William C. Jago, The Technology of Bread-making: Including the Chemistry and Analytical and Practical Testing of Wheat, Flour, and Other Materials Employed in Bread-making and Confectionery, page 253:

     […] stir in the flour by hand, and afterwards add the boiling water, and stir vigorously as already described for Virgin barm. The scald should not be so stiff as for Virgin, and should taste sweet when newly made.

   • 2022 August 30, Tara Jensen, Flour Power: The Practice and Pursuit of Baking Sourdough Bread, Clarkson Potter, →ISBN, page 214:

     THE NIGHT BEFORE: MIX THE LEAVEN AND PREPARE THE SCALD. [...] mix the rye starter with the whole rye flour and room temperature water. Cover with a lid and let rest overnight, or 8 to 10 hours. Make the scald[:] In a 1-pint deli container (or similar container), combine the dark rye flour and boiling water and mix thoroughly until there is no dry flour. [...] let rest overnight  […]

3. (Appalachia) Poor or bad land.

派生語

語源 2

Alteration of scall or scalled.

名詞

scald (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) Scaliness; a scabby skin disease.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     Her craftie head was altogether bald, / And as in hate of honorable eld, / Was ouergrowne with scurfe and filthy scald […].

   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     Some heale Horses, some cure men, some the plague, some the scald [translating teigne], some the cough, some one kinde of scab, and some another […].

形容詞

scald (comparative more scald, superlative most scald)

1. (obsolete) Affected with the scab; scabby.

   Synonym: scalled

   • 1599, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor, act III, scene i, line 110:

     and let us knog our / prains together to be revenge on this same scald, scurvy, / cogging companion,

2. (obsolete) Paltry; worthless.
   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene ii:

     Would it not grieue a King to be so abuſ’d?
     And haue a thouſand horſmen tane away?
     And which is worſe to haue his Diadem
     Sought for by ſuch ſcalde knaues as loue him not?

   • 1598, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra, act V, scene ii, line 215:

     Saucy lictors / Will catch at us like strumpets, and scald rhymers / Ballad us out o' tune.

同意語

• (scabby): roynish, scurvy; see also Thesaurus:scabby
• (paltry): contemptible, miserable, trashy; see also Thesaurus:despicable

派生語

• scald-crow

語源 3

名詞

scald (plural scalds)

1. Alternative form of skald.
   • 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter I, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 28:

     The fire was spreading rapidly through all parts of the castle, when Ulrica, who had first kindled it, appeared on a turret, in the guise of one of the ancient furies, yelling forth a war-song, such as was of yore chaunted on the field of battle by the scalds of the yet heathen Saxons.

参照

• “scald”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

参考

• scald-crow (possibly etymologically related to above)

アナグラム

• DACLs, S.D. Cal., clads