sandとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /sænd/
• (米国発音) IPA: /sænd/, (/æ/ raising) /sɛənd/
• 韻: -ænd

語源 1

From 中期英語 sond, sand, from 古期英語 sand, from Proto-West Germanic *samd, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos, from *sem- (“to pour”).

See also North Frisian sun, Sön, sönj (“sand”), Saterland Frisian Sound (“sand”), West Frisian sân (“sand”), Dutch zand (“sand”), German, Luxembourgish Sand (“sand”), Yiddish זאַמד (zamd, “sand”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish sand (“sand”), Faroese and Icelandic sandur (“sand”), Latin sabulum (“sand, gravel”), Ancient Greek ἄμαθος (ámathos, “sand”), English dialectal samel (“sand bottom”), Old Irish do·essim (“to pour out”), Latin sentina (“bilge water”), Lithuanian sémti (“to scoop”), Ancient Greek ἀμάω (amáō, “to gather”), ἄμη (ámē, “water bucket”).

名詞

sand (usually uncountable, plural sands)

1. (uncountable) Rock that is ground more finely than gravel, but is not as fine as silt (more formally, see grain sizes chart), forming beaches and deserts and also used in construction.
   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     For a spell we done pretty well. Then there came a reg'lar terror of a sou'wester same as you don't get one summer in a thousand, and blowed the shanty flat and ripped about half of the weir poles out of the sand.

   • 2018, Neil Tweedie, “Is the world running out of sand? The truth behind stolen beaches and dredged islands”, in The Guardian‎:

     “We are addicted to sand but don’t know it because we don’t buy it as individuals,” says Aurora Torres, […]

   • 2018, Neil Tweedie, “Is the world running out of sand? The truth behind stolen beaches and dredged islands”, in The Guardian‎:

     China’s hunger for sand is insatiable, its biggest dredging site at Lake Poyang produces 989,000 tonnes per day.

   1. (countable) A specific grade, type, or composition of sand.
      • 1922, Harvey Whipple, Concrete, volumes 20-21, page 96:

        One sand was that used in cement testing with white well rounded smooth grains, passing through a 20-mesh sieve and retained on a 30-mesh sieve. The other was ordinary brown building sand, passing 40-mesh and retained on 60-mesh.

   2. (countable, often in the plural) A beach or other mass of sand.

      The Canadian tar sands are a promising source of oil.

      • 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 14, in The Lonely Pyramid:

        From east and south the danger was to be expected. Not from the uninhabited northern desert, not from the desolate sands of the unknown west, would it come.

2. (uncountable, dated) Personal courage.

   Synonym: grit

   • 1884, Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:

     You may say what you want to, but in my opinion she had more sand in her than any girl I ever see; in my opinion she was just full of sand.

   • 1968, Charles Portis, True Grit:

     He said, “I admire your sand but I believe you will find I am not liable for such claims. Let me say too that your valuation of the horse is high by about two hundred dollars.”

   • 1979, Louis L'Amour, Bendigo Shafter, →ISBN, →OL:

     There was youngsters all around him, and he stood there lookin’ at me and never turned a hair. He had sand, that Morrell.

3. (uncountable, geology) A particle from 62.5 microns to 2 mm in diameter, following the Wentworth scale.
4. A light beige colour, like that of typical sand.

   sand:  

5. (countable, obsolete) A single grain of sand.
   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:

     One sand another.
     Not more resembles that sweet rosy lad

6. (countable, figurative) A moment or interval of time; the term or extent of one's life (referring to the sand in an hourglass).
   • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:

     The sands are numbered that make up my life.

   • Cf. sands of time (idiom)
   • 1838 October, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “A Psalm of Life. […]”, in Voices of the Night, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1839, →OCLC, stanza 7, page 7:

     […] And, departing, leave behind us / Footprints on the sands of time […]

7. Dried mucus in the eye's inner corner, perhaps left from sleep (sleepy sand).
   • 2018 January 3, Moran Eye Center, “Is That Morning 'Eye Gunk' Normal?”, in HealthFeed Blog‎, University of Utah Hospital, archived from the original on 2 January 2020:

     Sleep in your eyes, sleep crust, sand, eye gunk—whatever you call it, we all get it—that crusty stuff in the corners of your eyes when you wake up in the morning. "The medical term is 'rheum,' though you rarely hear it used," […]

   1. (uncountable, figurative) "sand in [someone's] eyes" (idiom):
      • Cf. Sandman, a mythical character in European folklore who puts people to sleep and encourages and inspires beautiful dreams by sprinkling magical sand onto their eyes.
   2. An excuse for tears.
      • Cf. “Sand in My Eyes”, in TV Tropes, 1 March 2023 (last accessed): “Alternative Title(s): Something In My Eye”

派生語

参考

形容詞

sand

1. Of a light beige colour, like that of typical sand.

語源 2

From 中期英語 sanden, from the noun (see above).

動詞

sand (third-person singular simple present sands, present participle sanding, simple past and past participle sanded)

1. (transitive) To abrade the surface of (something) with sand or sandpaper in order to smooth or clean it.
2. (transitive) To cover with sand.
   • 1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter IX, in Capricornia‎, New York: D. Appleton-Century, published 1943, page 141:

     Sudden stopping, which could be effected easily by sanding the rails and reversing the driving-gear, was dangerous, because the train might telescope and overwhelm the engine.

   • 1958, Boris Pasternak, chapter 4, in Max Hayward, Manya Harari, transl., Doctor Zhivago, New York: Pantheon, page 96:

     The golden domes of churches and the freshly sanded paths in the town gardens were a glaring yellow.

3. (transitive, historical) To blot ink using sand.
   • 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities:

     The officer wrote until he had finished, read over to himself what he had written, sanded it, and handed it to Defarge, with the words "In secret."

参考

• Appendix:Colors

語源 3

名詞

sand (plural sands)

1. (colloquial, birdwatching) Ellipsis of sandpiper.

アナグラム

• ANDs, dnas, nads, NADS, NDAs, NASD, and's, DNAs, NSDA, dans, Dans, ands

語源 1

From Proto-Germanic *sandō. See also the verb sendan.

名詞

sand f

1. action of sending, embassy, mission, deputation; message
   • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church

     Đes ylca apostol and godspellere becōm, þurh Godes sande, æfter Drihtnes upstiġe tō heofenum, tō Ethiopian, þæt is ðǣra Silhearwena rīce, and ġemette þǣr tweġen drȳmen, Zoroes and Arfaxað, dweliende þæt folc mid heora drȳcræfte.

     After the Lord's ascension to heaven, this same apostle and evangelist arrived in Ethiopia, that is, Silhearwena rice, through God's sending, where he met two sorcerers, Zoroes and Arfaxath, who were leading the people astray with their sorcery.

2. sending, service, course of food, dish of food, repast, mess, victuals

語形変化

Strong ō-stem:

派生した語

• Middle English: sonde
  • English: saind, send (dialectal; influenced by the verb send)
  • Middle Scots: send (influenced by the verb send)
    • Scots: send

語源 2

From Proto-West Germanic *samd, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos. Compare Old Frisian sand, Old Saxon sand, Old High German sant, Old Norse sandr.

名詞

sand n

1. sand, gravel
   • late 9th century, Old English Martyrology

     Sē Antonius ġesēah þǣs Paules sāwle swā hwīte swā snāw stīgan tō heofonum betweoh engla þrēatas; ond tweġen lēon ādulfan his byrġenne on þǣs wēstenes sande; þǣr resteð Paules līchoma mid yfellīċe dūste bewrigen, ac on dōmes dæġe hē ariseð on wuldor.

     Antonius saw Paul's soul, as white as snow, ascend to heaven among throngs of angels; and two lions dug his tomb in the sand of the desert. There lies Paul's body, covered by filthy dust, but on Judgement Day he will arise in glory.

2. sand by the sea, sands, seashore, sandy shore, beach

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生語

• sandiġ

派生した語

• Middle English: sond, sand, sande, saunde, sonde
  • English: sand
  • Middle Scots: sand
    • Scots: saund, saun, sand
  • Yola: zoane

名詞

sand

1. alternative form of sond

語源 2

名詞

sand

1. alternative form of sonde