run downとは 意味・読み方・使い方

動詞

run down (third-person singular simple present runs down, present participle running down, simple past ran down, past participle run down)

1. (transitive) To hit someone with a car or other vehicle and injure or kill them.

   He was run down while crossing the main road.

2. (transitive) To criticize someone or an organisation, often unfairly.

   Whatever the company says, the media is going to run them down.

   My sister is always running me down in front of my friends.

   Don't run yourself down so much!

   • 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, I.i:

     Ha! ha! ha! 'tis very hard for them to leave a subject they have not quite run down.

   • 1981 February 14, Richard Credill, “Take Him By The Hand”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 29, page 5:

     Since I have put my name in GCN and received my first paper, I have only received two letters. But the one that pissed me off […] was from Bible belt hypocrite. He sent me an envelope full of tracts about homosexuality. Well, I have this to say to whoever he is (The person that's got nothing better to do than get the GCN to see who he can run down should take a damn good look at himself).

3. (transitive) To find something or someone after searching for a long time.

   Synonyms: run to earth, run to ground

   Coordinate term: run in

   I finally managed to run down that report. I had filed it incorrectly.

4. (transitive, intransitive) To lose power slowly. Used for a machine, battery, or other powered device.

   You need to wind up the clock every day so that it doesn't run down.

   If you don't switch off the car lights, you will run the battery down.

5. (transitive) To read quickly a list or other short text.

   Running down the list of suggestions, I can see three we can discard immediately.

6. (transitive) To describe in the form of a rundown, a rough outline or summary.
   • 2013, Nora Roberts, The Name of the Game:

     When the minute was up, John Jay managed to make the woman twice as nervous as he ran down the rules and the possibilities.

7. (British, transitive) To reduce the size or stock levels of a business, often with a view to closure.

   The board of directors have decided to run down the stocks held in storage prior to offering the company for sale.

   • 2022 November 30, Nigel Harris, “A bid to break the other side?”, in RAIL, number 971, page 3:

     Social media has been full of strident criticism of a Government perceived as pursuing a conscious policy to run down - even destroy - our railway.

8. To decline in quality or condition.

   to run down in health

   • 2022 January 26, Paul Clifton, “"Intolerable" service cuts under emergency COVID timetables”, in RAIL, number 949, page 8:

     TravelWatch SouthWest Chairman Chris Irwin said: "This is intolerable. The South West deserves levelling up, not running down. SWR and its sponsors in the Department of Transport must be called to account."

9. (hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted.

   to run down a stag

10. (nautical, transitive) To run against and sink, as a vessel.
    • 1943 May and June, Chas. S. Lake, “Some Continental Travel Experiences (1922-1939)—III”, in Railway Magazine, page 143:

      The Jylland only missed running down a schooner by a few yards in the fog; it was a near thing—near enough, in fact, to allow of some shouted remarks between those on the bridge of the motorship and the man at the wheel of the schooner to be clearly heard.

    • 2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 14:35 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN)‎, archived from the original on 17 October 2022:

      Hiei now loomed into the action, causing the leading U.S. destroyers to scatter before the oncoming behemoth lest they be run down.

11. (transitive) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear.
    • 1736, George Berkeley, A Discourse addressed to Magistrates and Men of Authority:

      Religion is […] run down by the prevailing licence of these times.

12. (transitive, slang, African-American Vernacular) To approach (someone, thing or place) aggressively, as to attack.

    He ran down on Rashad and them.

13. (transitive, typography) To move (some copy) down to the next line.

    Coordinate term: run in

    If they occasionally supply any additional copy after this element, run it down with a manual line break.

使用する際の注意点

• In all transitive senses except that of “to read quickly”, the object can come before or after the particle. If the object is a pronoun, then it must come before the particle.

同意語

• (hit with a vehicle): run over, knock down
• (criticise): put down, demean, berate
• (locate): track down

アナグラム

• undrown

形容詞

run-down (comparative more run-down, superlative most run-down)

1. (of a person) Tired and exhausted.

   Synonyms: out of gas, weary; see also Thesaurus:fatigued

2. (of a place) Decrepit.

   Synonyms: dilapidated, worse for wear; see also Thesaurus:ramshackle

   • 2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page xiii, Preface:

     In the Seventies the system was run-down and demoralised. Road transport was the future, the Underground was being 'managed for decline', and the system was filthier than the streets above.

   • 2020 August 26, “Network News: Stations investment boosts regeneration, says report”, in Rail, page 17:

     Among its findings, the report says: "In recent years we have seen more stations transformed from run-down Victorian hulks, or spartan bus-sheltered platforms, into places that people can take pride in, feel comfortable in using, and which are fulfilling more of their wider potential.

3. (of a clockwork mechanism) Having the spring unwound.

名詞

run-down (plural run-downs)

1. Alternative form of rundown.
   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel:

     Shepard: Give me a run-down of the damage.
     Avina: We have lost all primary power to the level. Environmental controls are not responding. Class three fires are burning in sectors 2, 3, 6 and 7. Civilian casualties are high.

アナグラム

• undrown

発音

名詞

rundown (countable and uncountable, plural rundowns)

1. (chiefly with definite article "the") A rough outline of a topic or situation.

   Could you give me the rundown on the new rules?

2. (gambling) A summary of the horses to be raced on a particular day, with their weights, jockeys, odds, etc.
   • 1946, Lancer, page 15:

     Comes post-time, and I am at the bookie joint listening the running descriptions and rundowns, […]

   • 1960, American Trial Lawyers Association, Convention Proceedings, page 455:

     I would say this: If you are in a community where you do not have the rundown sheet on the horses in the race, do what they have done in Sacramento.

3. (baseball) A defensive play in which the runner is caught between two fielders, who steadily converge to tag the runner out.

   Smith is caught in a rundown, but Jones will come around to score.

4. (countable, uncountable) A Caribbean stew of meat or fish (typically mackerel) with reduced coconut milk, yam, tomato, onion and seasonings.
5. A reduction, e.g. of an activity, or in the size of something, such as a fleet.
   • 2020 May 20, “Fleet News: LNER sends more '91s' off-lease”, in Rail, page 22:

     The rundown of LNER's Class 91/Mk 4 fleet continues, with two more locomotives sent for store at Doncaster and a rake of coaches moving to Worksop,

派生した語

• → Spanish: rondón

形容詞

rundown (not comparable)

1. Alternative form of run-down.

同意語

• See Thesaurus:ramshackle

参照

• “rundown”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

アナグラム

• undrown