reverseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ɹɪˈvɜːs/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ɹɪˈvɝs/
• 韻: -ɜː(ɹ)s

語源 1

From 中期英語 revers, from Anglo-Norman revers, Middle French revers, and their source, Latin reversus, perfect passive participle of reversō, from re- + versō. Doublet of revers.

形容詞

reverse (not comparable)

1. Opposite, contrary; going in the opposite direction. [from 14th c.]

   We ate the meal in reverse order, starting with dessert and ending with the starter.

   The mirror showed us a reverse view of the scene.

2. Pertaining to engines, vehicle movement etc. moving in a direction opposite to the usual direction. [from 19th c.]

   He selected reverse gear.

3. (rail transport, of points) To be in the non-default position; to be set for the lesser-used route.
4. Turned upside down; greatly disturbed.
5. (botany) Reversed.

   a reverse shell

6. (genetics) In which cDNA synthetization is obtained from an RNA template.

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “rail transport”): normal

派生語

副詞

reverse (not comparable)

1. (now rare) In a reverse way or direction; in reverse; upside-down. [from 16c. (from the 14c. in Middle English)]
   • 1963, Donal Serrell Thomas, Points of Contact:

     The man was killed to feed his image fat / Within this pictured world that ran reverse, / Where miracles alone were ever plain.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:vice versa or Thesaurus:upside down

名詞

reverse (plural reverses)

1. The opposite of something. [from 14th c.]

   Division is the reverse of multiplication.

   The Sun doesn't orbit the Earth—quite the reverse, in fact.

2. The act of going backwards; a reversal. [from 15th c.]
   • 1808, Charles Lamb, Specimens of the English Dramatic Poets Who Lived About the Time of Shakespeare:

     By a reverse of fortune, Stephen becomes rich.

3. A piece of misfortune; a setback. [from 16th c.]
   • 1817 December, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Revolt of Islam. […]”, in [Mary] Shelley, editor, The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 192:

     And the cold truth such sad reverse did seem
     As to awake in grief from some delightful dream.

   • 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 156:

     Simon Forman was notorious in his day, and was a many of many reverses.

   • 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 309:

     In fact, though the Russians did not yet know it, the British had met with a reverse.

4. (numismatics) The tails side of a coin, or the side of a medal or badge that is opposite the obverse. [from 17th c.]
5. The side of something facing away from a viewer, or from what is considered the front; the other side. [from 18th c.]
6. The gear setting of an automobile that makes it travel backwards. (Denoted with symbol R on a shifter's labeling.) [from 19th c.]

   Synonym: reverse gear

   Hypernym: gear

   I shifted into reverse and was just about to back up when our silly cat walked behind the car! Honk honk, kitty! Get out of there!

7. A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of the hand; a backhanded stroke.
   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

     but first , master see thee pass thy punto , thy stock , thy reverse , thy guest

8. (surgery) A turn or fold made in bandaging, by which the direction of the bandage is changed.
9. (graph theory) Synonym of transpose.

反意語

• obverse

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 reversen, from Anglo-Norman reverser, Middle French reverser, and their source, Latin reversō, from re- + versō.

動詞

reverse (third-person singular simple present reverses, present participle reversing, simple past and past participle reversed)

1. (transitive) To turn something around so that it faces the opposite direction or runs in the opposite sequence.

   to reverse the order of books on a shelf

   to reverse a portion of video footage

2. (transitive) To turn something inside out or upside down.
   • 1672, William Temple, Essay on the Original and Nature of Government:

     A pyramid reversed may stand upon his point if balanced by admirable skill.

3. (transitive) To transpose the positions of two things.
4. (transitive) To change totally; to alter to the opposite.

   All trends reverse eventually.

   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     Reverse the doom of death.

   • 1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:

     They reversed the conduct of the celebrated vicar of Bray.

5. (obsolete, intransitive) To return, come back.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     Bene they all dead, and laide in dolefull herse? / Or doen they onely sleepe, and shall againe reuerse?

6. (obsolete, transitive) To turn away; to cause to depart.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 48:

     And that old dame said many an idle verse, / Out of her daughter's heart fond fancies to reverse.

7. (obsolete, transitive) To cause to return; to recall.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 48:

     And to his fresh remembrance did reverse / The ugly view of his deformd crimes.

8. (law) To revoke a law, or to change a decision into its opposite.

   to reverse a judgment, sentence, or decree

   • 2020 April 8, “Network News: Emergency timetables and the number of services cut”, in Rail, page 15:

     From March 30, LNER was running around 40% of its trains and had suspended its Aberdeen, Inverness and Hull services, although it reversed the latter decision after Hull Trains suspended operations.

9. (ergative, transport) To cause a mechanism to operate or move in the opposite direction to normal; to drive a vehicle in the direction the driver has the back.
   • 1950 January, David L. Smith, “A Runaway at Beattock”, in Railway Magazine, page 54:

     Richardson dropped into the six-foot between the two engines, ran for a few yards, grabbed Mitchell's engine, and swung himself up. Mitchell had got to his feet by this time, but he made no move. Richardson shut off steam, reversed her, and brought her to a stand.

   • 2007 July 9, “Glitch with switch sends high speed rail back and forth”, in Taipei Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 15 July 2007, Taiwan News, page 2‎:

     Passengers said the train had to reverse from Hsinshih (新市) in Tainan County to Liuchiao (六腳) in Chiayi County before moving forward again.

10. (chemistry) To change the direction of a reaction such that the products become the reactants and vice-versa.
11. (rail transport, transitive) To place (a set of points) in the reverse position.
12. (rail transport, intransitive, of points) To move from the normal position to the reverse position.
13. (aviation, transitive) To engage reverse thrust on (an engine).
14. To overthrow; to subvert.
    • c. 1699 – 1703, Alexander Pope, “The First Book of Statius His Thebais”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC:

      These can divide, and these reverse, the state.

    • a. 1729, John Rogers, Conformity to the World destructive of our Happiness:

      Custom […] reverses even the distinctions of good and evil.

15. (computing) Ellipsis of reverse-engineer.
    • 2011, Eldad Eilam, Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering:

      Reversing is also heavily used in connection with malicious software, on both ends of the fence: […]

    • 2012, Christopher C. Elisan, Malware, Rootkits & Botnets: A Beginner's Guide, page 117:

      […] but in some instances where malware is proving to be difficult, reversing is needed.

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “to turn something in the opposite direction”): unreverse
• (antonym(s) of “rail transport”): normalise / normalize (transitive and intransitive)

派生語

アナグラム

• Reserve, Reveres, reserve, reveres, severer, veerers

参照

• "reverse", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)