respublicaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Univerbation of rēs +‎ pūblica, literally “public interest”. Compare English commonwealth.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [reːsˈpuː.blɪ.ka]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [resˈpuː.bli.ka]

名詞

rēspūblica f (genitive reīpūblicae); fifth declension

1. a republic, commonwealth; the state, nation
   • Tacitus, Annals Book XIII, 45:

     Non minus insignis eo anno impudicitia magnorum rei publicae malorum initium fecit.

     In that same year a profligacy no less infamous caused the beginning of tremendous iniquities to the republic.

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations‎:

     O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.

     O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city are we living?

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:

     Cn. Fuluius Centumalus P. Sulpicius Galba consules cum idibus Martiis magistratum inissent, senatu in Capitolium uocato, de re publica, de administratione belli, de prouinciis exercitibusque patres consuluerunt.

     When the consuls Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus and Publius Sulpicius Galba took up the magistracy on the Ides of March, they summoned the senate to the Capitoline Hill and consulted the senators on issues regarding the state, the handling of the war, the provinces and the armies.

     Magna fides in multis civibus huius rei publicae nunc inveniri potest.

     Great fidelity can now be found in many citizens of this commonwealth.

     Quis jussit illam rem publicam servitute liberari?

     Who ordered that republic to be liberated from slavery?

     Ubi tyrannus est, ibi plane est nulla res publica.

     Where there is a tyrant, there is clearly no republic.

     Contra alias manus malorum civium eaedem res parabuntur; rem publicam defendemus et isti cito discedent.

     These things will be procured in spite of the bands of bad citizens; we will defend the republic and those men will depart quickly.

     Hanc rem publicam salvam esse volumus.

     We wish this republic to be safe.

2. politics, civil affairs

語形変化

Fifth-declension noun with a first-declension adjective.

派生語

• rēspūblica Chrīstiāna

派生した語

参照

• “respublica”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "respublica", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “respublica”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• respublica in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a man who has held many offices: honoribus ac reipublicae muneribus perfunctus (De Or. 1. 45)
    

語源

Unadapted borrowing from Latin rēs pūblica. Doublet of republic.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ɹeɪz ˈpʊblɪkə/

名詞

res publica (uncountable)

1. The common good, as identified with the wider state; the commonwealth, the body politic.
   • 1997, Herwig Wolfram, The Roman Empire and its Germanic Peoples, page 190:

     At the same time the Roman-barbarian regna distinguished themselves from the res publica.

   • 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 402:

     There was no question as yet of republicanism being on the agenda, other than in the old, weak sense of a res publica or commonwealth to which both ruler and ruled owed allegiance.

語形変化

Fifth-declension noun with a first-declension adjective.