raiseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 reysen, raisen, reisen, from Old Norse reisa (“to raise”), from Proto-Germanic *raisijaną, *raizijaną (“to raise”), causative form of Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to rise, arise”). According to Kroonen (2013), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”).

Cognate with 古期英語 rāsian (“to explore, examine, research”), 古期英語 rīsan (“to seize, carry off”), 古期英語 rǣran (“to raise”). Doublet of rear.

動詞

raise (third-person singular simple present raises, present participle raising, simple past and past participle raised)

1. (physical) To cause to rise; to lift or elevate.

   to raise your hand if you want to say something; to raise your walking stick to defend yourself

   the flag was raised

   • 1957 October, “Notes and News: Manchester-Crewe Electrification”, in Railway Magazine, page 734:

     With the completion of the preliminary work of raising bridges on the Mauldeth Road-Wilmslow line, to accommodate overhead electrical equipment, further work has been put in hand on bridges on the London Midland Region main line between Manchester and Crewe.

   • 2023 December 27, David Turner, “Silent lines...”, in RAIL, number 999, pages 29-30:

     Because of the heavy traffic, the 1960-61 Christmas guide to trains between King's Cross and the north stated: "To make travel conditions as comfortable as possible, passengers are requested to raise arm rests to enable four people to be seated on each side of those compartments which are fitted with arm rests."

   1. To form by the accumulation of materials or constituent parts; to build up; to erect.

      to raise a wall, or a heap of stones

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah xxxix:3:

        I will raise forts against thee.

   2. To cause something to come to the surface of water.

      The ship was raised ten years after it had sunk.

   3. (nautical) To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it.

      to raise Sandy Hook light

   4. To make (bread, etc.) light, as by yeast or leaven.
   5. (figurative) To cause (a dead person) to live again; to resurrect.

      The magic spell raised the dead from their graves!

   6. (military) To remove or break up (a blockade), either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them.
   7. (military, transitive) To relinquish (a siege), or cause this to be done.
   8. (metalworking, transitive) To emboss (sheet metal), or to form it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.
2. (transitive) To create, increase or develop.

   We need to raise the motivation level in the company.

   to raise the quality of the products; to raise the price of goods; to raise (increase) taxes

   1. To collect or amass.

      to raise a lot of money for charity; to raise troops

      • 1955 February, T. B. Sands, “The Didcot, Newbury & Southampton Railway—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 79:

        But capital was proving difficult to raise; rumours were in the air that the G.W.R. and L.S.W.R. were about to patch up their quarrel, and the people of Southampton, who twelve months earlier had staged a torch-light procession to celebrate the passing of the D.N.S.R. Act, were increasingly loath to part with their cash.

      • 2021 October 20, “Stop & Examine”, in RAIL, number 942, page 71:

        Every pound raised goes to helping some of the world's most vulnerable children.

   2. (obsolete) To call up the forces of, to raise the troops from.
      • 1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act III:

        May it pleaſe your Grace that I ſhall raiſe the ſtreets,
        To Gard your Maieſtie through Smithfield as you walke.

   3. To bring up; to grow.

      We visited a farm where they raise chickens.

      Chew with your mouth shut — were you raised in a barn?

      • 1981, Hualing Nieh, editor, Literature of the Hundred Flowers‎, volume II, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page xxxix:

        Ting Ling had disappeared from public life in 1958. She was accused of being a "Rightist" and was sent to a farm in Hei-lung-chiang Province in remote northeast China, worked there twelve years raising chickens, was in prison five years (1970-1975), and began to live in a village in Shansi in 1975.

   4. To promote.

      to raise somebody to office

   5. To mention (a question, issue) for discussion.

      A few important questions were raised after the attack.

      • 2025 February 1, Tami Luhby, Eric Bradner and Rene Marsh, “Federal employees confused, angered by Trump’s offer to quit”, in CNN‎:

        President Donald Trump’s offer to most federal employees to resign now and be paid through September stunned the workers who received it – angering some, confusing many and raising questions about whether the offer is even legal.

      • 2025 March 26, Andy Greenberg, Lily Hay Newman, “SignalGate Isn’t About Signal”, in WIRED‎:

        All of which is to say, SignalGate raises plenty of security, privacy, and legal issues.

   6. (law) To create; to constitute (a use, or a beneficial interest in property).

      There should be some consideration (i.e., payment or exchange) to raise a use.

   7. To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear.

      Starting in January we will raise (introduce) taxes on all tobacco substitutes and vaping accessories.

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy xviii:18:

        I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee.

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

        God voutsafes to raise another World From him [Noah], and all his anger to forget.

      • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

        The most rapid and most seductive transition in all human nature is that which attends the palliation of a ravenous appetite. […] Can those harmless but refined fellow-diners be the selfish cads whose gluttony and personal appearance so raised your contemptuous wrath on your arrival?

3. To establish contact with (e.g., by telephone or radio).

   Despite all the call congestion, she was eventually able to raise the police.

4. (poker, intransitive) To respond to a bet by increasing the amount required to continue in the hand.

   John bet, and Julie raised, requiring John to put in more money.

5. (arithmetic) To exponentiate, to involute.

   Two raised to the fifth power equals 32.

6. (linguistics, transitive, of a verb) To extract (a subject or other verb argument) out of an inner clause.
7. (linguistics, transitive, of a vowel) To produce a vowel with the tongue positioned closer to the roof of the mouth.
8. To increase the nominal value of (a cheque, money order, etc.) by fraudulently changing the writing or printing in which the sum payable is specified.
9. (programming, transitive) To instantiate and transmit (an exception, by throwing it, or an event).

   A division by zero will raise an exception.

   • 2007, Bruce Bukovics, Pro WF: Windows Workflow in .NET 3.0, page 243:

     Provide some mechanism in the local service class to raise the event. This might take the form of a public method that the host application can invoke to raise the event.

10. (India, transitive) To open, initiate.

    I will raise a trouble-ticket in order to correct this reporting issue.

11. Misspelling of raze.

使用する際の注意点

• It is standard US English to raise children, and this usage has become common in all kinds of English since the 1700s. Until fairly recently, however, US teachers taught the traditional rule that one should raise crops and animals, but rear children, despite the fact that this contradicted general usage. It is therefore not surprising that some people still prefer "to rear children" and that this is considered correct but formal in US English. Modern British English also prefers "raise" over "rear".
• It is generally considered incorrect to say rear crops or (adult) animals in US English, but this expression is (or was until relatively recently) common in British English.

Conjugation

同意語

• (to cause to rise): lift

派生語

名詞

raise (plural raises)

1. (US) Ellipsis of pay raise (“an increase in wages or salary”).

   The boss gave me a raise.

2. (curling) A shot in which the delivered stone bumps another stone forward.
3. (poker) A bet that increases the previous bet.
4. (mining) A shaft or a winze that is dug from below, for purposes such as ventilation, local extraction of ore, or exploration.
   • 1944 United States. Bureau of Mines • War Minerals Report 386. Google books

     It was necessary to spile through the vug, as it was filled with mud. A raise was driven 55 feet to the surface in this vug for ventilation, and it was completed just as the demand for optical calcite ceased. The underground drifts were left well timbered, and mining of this deposit could be started with very little preliminary work.

5. (weightlifting) A shoulder exercise in which the arms are elevated against resistance.

同意語

• (increase in wages or salary): rise, pay rise (UK)

派生語

語源 2

Borrowed from Old Norse hreysi; the spelling came about under the influence of the folk etymology that derived it from the verb.

名詞

raise (plural raises)

1. A cairn or pile of stones.

Further reading

• raise on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• Aesir, Aries, ERISA, Resia, aesir, aires, arise, reais, serai