ragとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (General American, Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɹæɡ/
• 韻: -æɡ

語源 1

From 中期英語 ragge, from 古期英語 ragg (suggested by derivative raggiġ (“shaggy; bristly; ragged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft; shagginess”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwa-, probably related to *rūhaz. Cognate with Swedish ragg. Related to rug.

名詞

rag (plural rags)

1. (especially in the plural) Tattered clothes (clothing).

   —What a pretty dress! —What, this old rag?

   It's semiformal. I can't show up dressed in rags!

   rags to riches

   • 1684, John Dryden, Miscellany Poems: Containing a New Translation of Virgills Eclogues, Ovid's Love Elegies, Odes of Horace and Other Authors, The twenty-ninth ode of the first book of Horace:

     And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm.

2. A piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred or tatter.

   Hyponyms: dishrag, do-rag, washrag

   • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book III, lines 490-491:

     Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, toss'd, / And flutter'd into rags; then reliques, beads,

   • 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain from the Birth of Jesus Christ until the year MDCXLVIII‎, page 399:

     […] even by the law of their own might and malice, not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover the shame of their cruelty.

3. (derogatory) A shabby, beggarly person; synonym of ragamuffin.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, A Veue of the Present State of Irelande:

     For upon the like Proclamation there, they all came in, both tag and rag

   • 1623, Ben Jonson, Time Vindicated to Himself and to His Honours:

     The other zealous rag is the compositor, / Who in an angle where the ants inhabit, / (The emblems of his labors) will sit curl'd

   • 1986 February 8, “It’s Not The Sex, It’s The Morality”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 29, Boston, page 5:

     Nor will it be achieved by marching in the streets in leather, drag, chains, fish net over-flying-tits or any other get up. It will not be accomplished by hung-over bar rags, hustlers, shallow queens, or angry dykes.

4. A ragged edge in metalworking.

   Coordinate terms: bur, burr

5. (nautical, slang) A sail, or any piece of canvas.
   • 1864, James Russell Lowell, My Garden Acquaintance; A Good Word for Winter; A Moosehead Journal, page 83:

     Our ship was a clipper, with every rag set, stunsails, sky-scrapers, and all.

   • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 191:

     "'Oh yes, that's all very well, but we haven't done with it yet,' said the lad, 'we shall have it worse directly,' and he ordered them to furl every rag but the mizen."

6. (singular or plural, slang) Sanitary napkins, pads, or other materials used to absorb menstrual discharge.
   • 2020, Pip Williams, The Dictionary of Lost Words, page 56:

     "It's heaviest on the first day, which might be why it hurts so much. After that, it slows down and eventually stops, but you'll need the rags for about a week."

7. (slang, derogatory) A newspaper or magazine, especially one whose journalism is considered to be of poor quality.

   Synonym: fish wrap

   • 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

     "You must behave yourself, dear. Mr. Malone is a Pressman. He will have it all in his rag to-morrow, and sell an extra dozen among our neighbors."

8. (poker) A poor, low-ranking kicker.

   I have ace-four on my hand. In other words, I have ace-rag.

9. (slang, theater) A curtain of various kinds.
10. (dated) A person suffering from exhaustion or lack of energy.
    • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

      "It took it out of me, though. I'm a rag this morning." "They work you too hard, dear."

11. (slang, obsolete) A banknote.
    • 1876, The Shamrock, volume 14:

      What was he at, do you think? Counting bank-notes; he had bundles of them. […] Well, Guv'nor, he stood up by-and-by, and taking the bundles of rags, the big uns in one hand, tother ones in tother, he toddled out of the room; […] So I tucked my violin under my arm, and sallied out after the old budgy ragman, determined to ease him of his load at the very first lonesome corner I could track him to.

12. (typography) An uneven vertical margin (of a block of type).

    We always leave rag on article typeset for the web.

派生語

派生した語

• → Kashubian: reksa (United States)

動詞

rag (third-person singular simple present rags, present participle ragging, simple past and past participle ragged)

1. (transitive) To decorate (a wall, etc.) by applying paint with a rag.
2. (intransitive) To become tattered.
3. (intransitive, vulgar, slang, sometimes euphemistic) To menstruate.

派生語

語源 2

Unknown origin; perhaps the same word as Etymology 1, above.

名詞

rag (countable and uncountable, plural rags)

1. A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture; ragstone.
   • 2003, Peter Ackroyd, The Clerkenwell Tales, page 1:

     the three walls around the garden, each one of thirty-three feet, were built out of three layers of stone — pebble stone, flint and rag stone.

派生語

• coral rag
• Kentish rag
• ragwork
• Rowley rag

動詞

rag (third-person singular simple present rags, present participle ragging, simple past and past participle ragged)

1. To break (ore) into lumps for sorting.

   Hypernym: dress

2. To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.

   Hypernym: dress

   Near-synonym: rough

語源 3

Uncertain. Ideas about the scolding and tormenting senses being related to on the rag are only speculative.

動詞

rag (third-person singular simple present rags, present participle ragging, simple past and past participle ragged)

1. To scold or tell off; to torment; to banter.
   • 1923, Agatha Christie, The Murder on the Links:

     “Yesterday it was Mademoiselle Daubreuil, today it is Mademoiselle—Cinderella! Decidedly you have the heart of a Turk, Hastings! You should establish a harem!” “It’s all very well to rag me. […]”

2. (British slang) To drive a car or another vehicle in a hard, fast or unsympathetic manner.

   Synonyms: beat, thrash

   Hypernym: ride hard and put away wet

3. To tease or torment, especially at a university; to bully, to haze.

派生語

• bullirag
• rag the puck
• rag on

名詞

rag (plural rags)

1. (dated) A prank or practical joke.
   • 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed‎:

     The rascal winked and grinned. 'There are always and means,' said he. 'But don't blame your foreman. He thought it was just a rag. I swapped clothes with his assistant, and in I came.'

   • 1935, Dorothy L. Sayers, Gaudy Night:

     Well, it’s only a rag, isn’t it?

2. (UK, Ireland) A society run by university students for the purpose of charitable fundraising.

派生語

• rag day
• rag week

語源 4

Perhaps from ragged. Compare later ragtime.

名詞

rag (plural rags)

1. (obsolete, US) An informal dance party featuring music played by African-American string bands. [19th c.]
2. A ragtime song, dance or piece of music. [from 19th c.]

動詞

rag (third-person singular simple present rags, present participle ragging, simple past and past participle ragged)

1. (transitive, informal) To play or compose (a piece, melody, etc.) in syncopated time.
   • 2020, Ned Bennett, How To Play Jazz Saxophone, page 9:

     Now let's rag it. We'll keep the notes more or less the same but make the rhythm more fun.

2. (intransitive, informal) To dance to ragtime music.
3. (music, obsolete) To add syncopation (to a tune) and thereby make it appropriate for a ragtime song.

参照

• (banknote): John Camden Hotten (1873), The Slang Dictionary

アナグラム

• Gra, gar, grá, Arg., Gar, RGA, GAR, ARG, arg, agr-, arg.