quorumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• qorum (1600s)
• qworum, quoram, corum (Scotland, pre-1700)
• qorum (Scotland, 1800s)

語源

Inherited from 中期英語 quorum (c. 1426), from Anglo-Norman quorum, clipped from the Anglo-Latin wording of commissions in which certain persons were specially designated as members of a body by the words quorum vos unum esse volumus ad etc. (“of whom we want you to be one assigned to etc.”). Latin quōrum is the masculine genitive plural of the relative pronoun quī (“who”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkwɔː.ɹəm/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈkwɔːɹəm/
• 韻: -ɔːɹəm
• ハイフネーション: quo‧rum

名詞

quorum (plural quorums or quora)

1. (historical) A select body of (usually eminent) justices of the peace, every member of which had to be present to constitute a deciding body; a member of this body. Later more generally: all justices collectively. [from 1426]
2. The minimum number of members required for a group to officially conduct business and to cast votes, often but not necessarily a majority or supermajority. [from 1616]

   We can discuss the issue tonight but cannot vote until we have a quorum.

   • 2021 August 19, Dianne Gallagher, “Texas Democrats’ effort to freeze voting bill ends”, in CNN‎:

     Texas House Democrats’ historic quorum break unexpectedly ended Thursday evening when at least three new Democrats returned to the floor, paving the way for state Republicans to pass restrictive voting legislation.
     The surprise turn of events quickly led to public accusations of betrayal among Democrats, as the House now has the required two-thirds of members necessary for a quorum.

   • 2024 December 7, Zachary B. Wolf, “What will be the signature achievement of Trump 2.0?”, in CNN‎:

     They may not be using the same sort of hard-charging tactics we saw in the first Trump administration, when they would deny Republicans quorums for votes in committee or those kinds of things, but what we will see is they’re going to ask hard questions and make made-for-TV moments.

3. (now rare) Distinguished or essential members of any body; a select company. [from 1596]
4. (computing, distributed systems) The minimum number of votes that a distributed transaction has to obtain in order to be allowed to perform an operation in a distributed system.

使用する際の注意点

The plural quora is sometimes objected to on the grounds that it is not grammatically correct: in Latin, quorum is a plural pronoun, not a singular noun.

派生語

参照

語源 1

Inherited from Proto-Italic *kʷozom

代名詞

quōrum

1. (relative) genitive masculine/neuter plural of quī

限定詞

quōrum

1. (interrogative) genitive masculine/neuter plural of quī

派生した語

From the clipping of quōrum vōs, see English quorum:

語源 2

代名詞

quōrum

1. (interrogative) genitive masculine/neuter plural of quis