quisqueとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈkʷis.kʷe/, [ˈkʷɪs̠kʷɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈkwis.kwe/, [ˈkwiskwe]

代名詞

quisque (feminine quaeque, neuter quidque or quicque); indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only
quisque (feminine quaeque, neuter quodque); indefinite adjectival pronoun

1. each one, each person, each individual
2. everybody, everyone
3. anyone, whoever
   • Quintus Curtius Rufus, Historiae Alexandri Magni VII, 4:

     altissima quaeque flumina minimo sono labi

     Whichever rivers are deepest flow with the least sound.

使用する際の注意点

• The dative or ablative plural quīsque does appear in Titus Lucrētius Carus' Dē rērum nātūrā book IV: "praestō sint simulacra, locīs in quīsque, parātā" Some old editions of the 18th and 19th century however have "Praestō sint simulacra, locōs in quōsque, parātā"
• In Plautus and Terence, the feminine nominative and accusative singular can be quisque and quemque, identical to the masculine (compare use of quis as a feminine interrogative pronoun or adjective in the same time periods).
• There seems to be one inscriptional example of quīque as an alternative nominative singular masculine form ("quando quique eorum decesserit", CIL 6.1229).

語形変化

Irregular substantival pronoun: Indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only.

In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).

Irregular adjectival pronoun: Indefinite adjectival pronoun.

In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).

派生語

• suum cuique
• unusquisque

関連する語

派生した語

• Sardinian: kis (Old Sardinian)
• → Spanish: quisque

参照

Further reading

• “quisque”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “quisque”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "quisque", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• quisque in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • all learned men: omnes docti, quivis doctus, doctissimus quisque
    
  • (ambiguous) at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore
    
  • (ambiguous) every fifth year: quinto quoque anno