provinciaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• prōvintia (Early Medieval, hypercorrection)

語源

Perhaps a nominalization of *prō-vinc-ios, adjective formed on *prō-vinciō, see vinciō.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [proːˈwɪŋ.ki.a]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [proˈvin̠ʲ.t͡ʃi.a]

名詞

prōvincia f (genitive prōvinciae); first declension

1. office, official duty, command, formal responsibility given to a magistrate
   • 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 1.80–82:

     Abeuntes ambo hic tum senes me filiis
     relinquont quasi magistrum. ― O Geta, provinciam
     cepisti duram.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 5.12:

     Valerio Potito Volsci provincia evenerat.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 10.24:

     Nec minore populi consensu quam senatus provincia Etruria extra sortem Fabio decreta est.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (loosely) a task, responsibility, burden
   • c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.1.14–16:

     ipsi obsonant, quae parasitorum ante erat provincia,
     ipsi de foro tam aperto capite ad lenones eunt
     quam in tribu aperto capite sontes condemnant reos;

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 62 BCE, Cicero, Pro Sulla 18.52:

     […] ; tum tuus pater, Corneli, id quod tandem aliquando confitetur, illam sibi officiosam provinciam depoposcit ut, cum prima luce consulem salutatum veniret, intromissus et meo more et iure amicitiae me in meo lectulo trucidaret.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (especially) the office of ruling over, or government of, an administrative region (province) of the Roman Republic or Empire

   cōnsulāris prōvincia ― a govermnent entrusted to a proconsul (ex-consul)

4. (transferred senses):
   1. (countable):
      1. (strictly) any territory outside Italy, acquired chiefly by conquest, brought under Roman rule and governed by a Roman magistrate

         in prōvinciam redigere ― to put under Roman rule (literally, “to reduce to a province”)

         • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.2:

           […] tertia lacū Lemannō et flūmine Rhodanō, quī prōvinciam nostram ab Helvētiīs dīvidit.

           [The Helvetian territory is bounded] on a third [side] by Lake Lemannus (Lake Geneva) and the Rhône River, which separates our province from the Helvetii.

      2. (loosely) a territory outside of one's borders but under one's dominion
         • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.44:

           [Ariovistus respondit] provinciam suam hanc esse Galliam, sicut illam nostram.

           (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      3. (by extension):
         1. (strictly) an administrative region of the Roman Republic, later of the Roman Empire, province

            cōnsulāris prōvincia ― a province under the rule of a proconsul (ex-consul)

            • 44 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Philippicae 8.25:

              'Utramque provinciam', inquit 'remitto, exercitum depono, privatus esse non recuso.'

              (please add an English translation of this quotation)

         2. (loosely) an administrative region of any government
   2. (uncountable):
      1. the area oustide of Italy under Roman dominion
      2. (especially) the Provincia Narbonensis, Provence (now part of France)
         • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:

           Hōrum omnium [Gallorum] fortissimī sunt Belgae, proptereā quod ā cultū atque hūmānitāte prōvinciae longissimē absunt,

           (please add an English translation of this quotation)

使用する際の注意点

• sense 1 is construed attributively, most often in the set phrase consulī prōvincia aliquid/aliquī/etc. ēvenīre, "for something/a people/etc. to be given a consul as a task [to be dealt with]".

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “provincia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “provincia”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "provincia", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “provincia”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to entrust some one with an official duty, a province: provinciam alicui decernere, mandare
    
  • to draw lots for the provinces: provincias sortiri (Liv. 38. 35)
    
  • (the magistrates) arrange among themselves the administration of the provinces, the official spheres of duty: provincias inter se comparant
    
  • to set out for one's province: in provinciam proficisci (Liv. 38. 35)
    
  • to exchange provinces: provincias permutare
    
  • to manage, govern a province: provinciam administrare, obtinere
    
  • to visit, traverse a province: provinciam obire
    
  • to make Asia into a Roman province: Asiam in provinciae formam (in provinciam) redigere (B. G. 1. 45)
    
• “provincia”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “provincia”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
• “provincia”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 810