proceedとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From 中期英語 proceden, from Old French proceder, from Latin prōcēdō (“I go forth, go forward, advance”), from prō (“forth”) + cēdō (“I go”); see cede.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pɹəˈsiːd/
• (General American) IPA: /pɹəˈsid/
• Homophone: precede
• 韻: -iːd

動詞

proceed (third-person singular simple present proceeds, present participle proceeding, simple past and past participle proceeded) (intransitive)

1. To move, pass, or go forward or onward; to advance; to carry on.

   to proceed on a journey

   • 1944 July and August, “Top Link Drivers: XXI—Driver H. Blunt, L.N.E.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 226:

     Having completed their task, Fireman Page telephoned from a lineside box to the next signal cabin, briefly reported the incident and said that, as no high explosive had dropped and the track was safe, they proposed proceeding "at caution".

   • 1960 December, “Talking of Trains: The railways and the Devon floods”, in Trains Illustrated, page 709:

     [...] and on the Saturday heavy seas pounded the W.R. on its exposed coastal stretch between Dawlish and Teignmouth, loosening the ballast and forcing trains to proceed with extreme caution.

2. To pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another.

   to proceed with a story or argument

   • 1948, Bernward H. Willeke, Imperial Government and Catholic Missions in China During the Years 1784-1785‎, St. Bonaventure, New York: Franciscan Institute, →OCLC, →OL, page 31:

     There the missionaries learned that they were to stay for a longer period, and they were lodged in a shed surrounded by rice fields. This was different from what they had expected, because they had been told in Canton that Father Ts’ai had arranged for a place in Hsiang-t’an. They therefore wished to proceed to Hsiang-t’an, but since that was impossible under the circumstances, they asked Liu Shêng-tuan to be their messenger to Father Liu asking him to come to them.

3. To come from; to have as its source or origin.

   Light proceeds from the sun.

4. To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a series of acts or measures; to act methodically.
   • a. 1705, John Locke, “Of the Conduct of the Understanding”, in Posthumous Works of Mr. John Locke: […], London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], published 1706, →OCLC, § 34, pages 105–106:

     He that proceeds upon others Principles in his Enquiry into any Sciences, though he be reſolv’d to examine them and judge of them freely, does yet at leaſt put himſelf on that ſide, and poſt himſelf in a Party which he will not quit ’till he be beaten out; […]

5. To be transacted; to take place; to occur.
   • 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 111, column 1:

     And he will (after his ſowre faſhion) tell you
     What hath proceeded worthy note to day.

6. (of a rule) To be applicable or effective; to be valid.
   • 1726, John Ayliffe, “Of Absolution”, in Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani: Or, A Commentary, by Way of Supplement to the Canons and Constitutions of the Church of England. […], London: […] D. Leach, and sold by John Walthoe […], →OCLC, page 18:

     For it [this rule] only proceeds and takes place, when a Perſon cannot of common Right condemn or bind another by his Sentence; […]

7. (law) To begin and carry on a legal process.
   • 2005, Rodney Stich, Disavow: Sage of Betrayal:

     “Gentlemen, shall we proceed?” the judge said.
     From the beginning, Judge Fong appeared bored at Levine's coaxing remarks.

8. To take an academic degree.

使用する際の注意点

• When used as a catenative verb, proceed takes the to-infinitive (i.e. one says proceed to swing, not proceed swing). See Appendix:English catenative verbs.
• Not to be confused with precede.
• Many of the other English verbs ultimately derived from Latin cēdō are spelled ending in -cede, so the misspelling procede is common.

同意語

• progress, forthgo, Thesaurus:proceed

反意語

• regress
• recede

派生語

関連する語

• procedure
• process
• procession

参考

• proceeds (noun)

参照

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “proceed”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “proceed”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• copered, pre-Code, precode