praemiumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈprae̯.mi.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈprɛː.mi.um]

名詞

praemium n (genitive praemiī or praemī); second declension

1. profit derived from booty
2. profit, advantage, prerogative, distinction

   Synonyms: commodum, profectus, usus, commoditās, lucrum

   Antonyms: incommodum, detrimentum, damnum

3. prize, reward, recompense
4. bribe, bribery

   Synonyms: mercēs, stīpendium, pretium, datum, donum, oblātiō, datiō, commodum

5. (figuratively), the ironical sense of a reward, etc., as a desired thought, feeling, result or outcome

   Synonym: pretium

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.32-33:

     “[...] sōlāne perpetuā maerēns carpēre iuventā,
     nec dulcis nātōs, Veneris nec praemia nōris?”

     “[...] [will you] waste away alone, sorrowful all throughout your youth, never to have known sweet children, nor the rewards of Venus?”
     (That is, the pleasures of sexual love. Syncopation: nōris = nōveris. Translations vary – Mackail, 1885: “love’s bounty”; Knight, 1956: “all that Venus gives”; Mandelbaum, 1971: “the soft rewards”; Fitzgerald, 1981: “the crown of joy that Venus brings”; West, 1990: “the rewards of love”; Lombardo, 2005: “love’s joys”; Fagles, 2006: “all the gifts of love”; Ahl, 2007: “joys Venus offers, delights that she yields”.)

   • Spinoza, Ethica Liber V:

     Beatitudo non est virtutis praemium, sed ipsa virtus.

     Happiness is not a reward of virtue, but is a virtue itself.

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

派生した語

• Asturian: premiu
• Catalan: premi
• Galician: premio
• Italian: premio
• Occitan: prèmi
• Portuguese: prémio, prêmio (Brazil)
• Romanian: premiu
• Sicilian: premiu
• Spanish: premio
• → Alemannic German: Breemi
• → Dutch: premie
• → English: premium
• → French: premium
• → German: Prämie
• → Hungarian: prémium
• → Norwegian: premie
• → Polish: premia
• → Russian: премия (premija)
• → Spanish: premium
• → Swedish: premium, premie

参照

• “praemium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “praemium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• praemium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to remunerate (handsomely): praemiis (amplissimis, maximis) aliquem afficere
    
  • to reward a man according to his deserts: meritum praemium alicui persolvere
    
  • (to encourage) by offering a reward: praemium exponere or proponere
    
  • to offer a prize (for the winner): praemium ponere
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 189