potとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) enPR: pŏt, IPA: /pɒt/
• 韻: -ɒt
• (米国発音) enPR: pät, IPA: /pɑt/

語源 1

From 中期英語 pot, potte, from 古期英語 pott (“pot”) and Old French pot (“pot”) (probably from Frankish *pott); both 古期英語 and Frankish from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”), from Proto-Indo-European *budnós (“a type of vessel”).

Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pot (“pot”), Dutch pot (“pot”), German Low German Pott (“pot”), German Pott (“pot”), Swedish potta (“chamber pot”), Icelandic pottur (“tub, pot”), Old Armenian պոյտն (poytn, “pot, earthen pot”). Also, Old Norse pottr (“pot, tub, basin”).

The sense of ruin or deterioration was originally a general allusion to "being chopped up and tossed in a (normally fiery) pot, like a piece of meat" (i.e. to get wasted or done with (by someone)). The 'clean' slang term which was used in reference to toilet rooms and lavatories apparently derives from English chamberpots, although now usually encountered as potty in the context of children's toilet training.

名詞

pot (plural pots)

1. A flat-bottomed vessel (usually metal) used for cooking food, possibly excluding saucepans (see usage notes).

   Synonyms: cookpot, cooking pot

2. Various similar open-topped vessels, particularly
   1. A vessel (usually earthenware) used with a seal for storing food, such as a honeypot.
   2. A vessel used for brewing or serving drinks: a coffeepot or teapot.
   3. A vessel used to hold soil for growing plants, particularly flowers: a flowerpot.
      • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

        He looked round the poor room, at the distempered walls, and the bad engravings in meretricious frames, the crinkly paper and wax flowers on the chiffonier; and he thought of a room like Father Bryan's, with panelling, with cut glass, with tulips in silver pots, such a room as he had hoped to have for his own.

   4. (archaic except in fixed expressions) A vessel used for urination and defecation: a chamber pot; (figuratively, slang) a toilet; the lavatory.

      Synonyms: can, chamber pot, potty, shitpot; see also Thesaurus:chamber pot

      Shit or get off the pot.

      • 2011, Ben Zeller, Secrets of Beaver Creek, page 204:

        “Clinton,” Gail cried from outside, “are you going to sit on the pot all day?”

   5. A crucible: a melting pot.
   6. (Maine) A pot-shaped trap used for catching lobsters or other seafood: a lobster pot.

      Synonyms: lobster pot, lobster trap

   7. A pot-shaped metal or earthenware extension of a flue above the top of a chimney: a chimney pot.
   8. A perforated cask for draining sugar.
   9. (obsolete) An earthen or pewter cup or mug used for drinking liquor.
      • 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 85:

        "So kindly keep the vainglorious enumeration of your pots for the benefit of those village idiots who compose your particular set of boozing companions."

   10. (Australia, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania) A glass of beer in Australia whose size varies regionally but is typically around 10 fl oz (285 mL).

       Synonyms: (New South Wales, Western Australia) middy, (South Australia) schooner

       • 2009, Deborah Penrith et al., Live & Work in Australia, page 187:

         There are plenty of pubs and bars all over Australia (serving beer in schooners – 425ml or middies/pots ~285ml), and if you don′t fancy those you can drink in wine bars, pleasant beer gardens, or with friends at home.

3. (archaic except in place names) Pothole, sinkhole, vertical cave.

   Rowten Pot

4. A shallow hole used in certain games played with marbles. The marbles placed in it are called potsies.
5. (slang, uncountable) Ruin or deterioration.

   After his arrest, his prospects went to pot.

6. (historical) Any of various traditional units of volume notionally based on the capacity of a pot.
7. (historical) An iron hat with a broad brim worn as a helmet.
   • 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 12:

     The pot is an iron hat with broad brims: there are many under the denomination in the Tower, said to have been taken from the French...

8. (rail transport) A pot-shaped non-conducting (usually ceramic) stand that supports an electrified rail while insulating it from the ground.
9. (gambling, poker) The money available to be won in a hand of poker or a round of other games of chance; (figuratively) any sum of money being used as an enticement.

   Synonyms: kitty, pool

   No one's interested. You need to sweeten the pot.

10. An allocation of money for a particular purpose.

    a pension pot

    a savings pot

11. (UK, horse-racing, slang) A favorite: a heavily-backed horse.
12. (slang) Clipping of potbelly (“a pot-shaped belly, a paunch”).
    • 1994, Quentin Tarantino, Pulp Fiction:

      Fabienne: I wish I had a pot.
      Butch: You were lookin' in the mirror and you wish you had some pot?
      Fabienne: A pot. A pot belly. Pot bellies are sexy.
      Butch: Well you should be happy, 'cause you do.
      Fabienne: Shut up, Fatso! I don't have a pot! I have a bit of a tummy, like Madonna when she did "Lucky Star". It's not the same thing.

13. (slang) Clipping of potshot (“a haphazard shot; an easy or cheap shot”).
    • 2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

      England were shipping penalties at an alarming rate - five in the first 15 minutes alone - and with Wilkinson missing three long-distance pots of his own in the first 20 minutes, the alarm bells began to ring for Martin Johnson's men.

14. (chiefly East Midlands, Yorkshire) A plaster cast.
15. (historical) Alternative form of pott: a former size of paper, 12.5 × 15 inches.

使用する際の注意点

Whether a saucepan is a type of pot, a type of pan, or neither, depends on the speaker's taxonomy of cookware. There are three competing ways of drawing distinctions, all widespread: (1) pots and pans are distinguished by their depth and use, in which case a saucepan is actually a pot despite its name, (2) pots and pans are distinguished by type and/or number of handles, in which case a saucepan is in fact a pan, and (3) both vessel depth and handles are distinguishing features, in which case saucepans form a separate third class that is sibling to pots and pans. Scheme (1) is most widespread in the US and US-influenced parts of Canada, whereas (2) is more typical of the UK and Commonwealth countries; (3) does not split as cleanly along these regional lines.

Due to their typical shallowness, sauciers may be considered pans, not pots, even by those who label saucepans as pots.

派生語

参考

• (East Asian round-bottomed pot): wok
• (used for cooking in pots): stove, cooker, multicooker, potholder, lid

動詞

pot (third-person singular simple present pots, present participle potting, simple past and past participle potted)

1. To put (something) into a pot.

   to pot a plant

2. To preserve by bottling or canning.

   potted meat

3. (electronics) To package a circuit by encasing it in resin.
4. (snooker, pool, billiards, transitive) To cause a ball to fall into a pocket.
5. (snooker, pool, billiards, intransitive) To be capable of being potted.

   The black ball doesn't pot; the red is in the way.

6. (transitive) To shoot with a firearm.
   • 1897, Encyclopaedia of Sport:

     When hunted, it [the jaguar] takes refuge in trees, and this habit is well known to hunters, who pursue it with dogs and pot it when treed.

7. (intransitive, dated) To take a pot shot, or haphazard shot, with a firearm.
8. (transitive, colloquial) To secure; gain; win; bag.
9. (British) To send someone to jail, expeditiously.
10. (obsolete, dialect, UK) To tipple; to drink.
    • 1623, Owen Feltham, Resolves: Divine, Moral, Political:

      It is less labour to plough than to pot it.

11. (transitive) To drain (e.g. sugar of the molasses) in a perforated cask.
    • 1793, Bryan Edwards, History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies:

      Too much temper likewise prevents the melasses from separating from the sugar when it is potted or put into the hogshead

12. (transitive, British) To seat a person, usually a young child, on a potty or toilet, typically during toilet teaching.
    • 1975, Nancie R. Finnie, Handling the Young Cerebral Palsied Child, →ISBN, page 75:

      Ideally the best Ideally the best way of tackling the problem of toilet training, is to 'pot' your child at set intervals when he is at home, even though he may no longer be a baby, thus establishing a regular routine instead of one at odd intervals.

    • 1978, Penelope Leach, Your Baby & Child from Birth to Age Five, →ISBN, page 225:

      If you leave out this “catching" stage altogether and start proper toilet training at, say, eighteen months you will only have to pot your baby about 2000 times for the same effect.

    • 2004, Joan Gomez, Coping with Incontinence, →ISBN, page 33:

      Do not make the mistake of potting your baby as early as possible, but wait until she gives the signal that she is aware that puddles are somehow to do with her.

    • 2012, Nanny Smith, Nina Grunfeld, Nanny Knows Best: Successful Potty Training, →ISBN:

      Of course, if at any stage your child takes a violent dislike to the pot, then I would put it away for a few weeks and then try again, but if the pot is very comfortable, your attitude is calm and you don't over-pot your child (put him on the pot too often or talk about the pot too much), this shouldn't happen.

13. (chiefly East Midlands) To apply a plaster cast to a broken limb.
14. To catch (a fish, eel, etc) via a pot.
    • 1986, Carolyn Ellis, Fisher Folk: Two Communities on Chesapeake Bay, University Press of Kentucky, →ISBN, page 77:

      Most Fishneck watermen oystered in winter, using the same small skiffs from which they potted crabs in summer.

    • 1994, The Dukes County Intelligencer, volumes 36-37, page 131:

      Potting Eels: Except for the mature neshaws, Vineyard eels were potted (caught by pots) in September and October. […] When eeling was good, each pot would catch 25 to 100 pounds of neshaws; some pots would be filled to capacity.

15. (rugby, transitive) To score (a drop goal).
    • 1967, Arthur H. Carman, Ranfurly Shield Rugby, page 139:

      With five minutes to go, Trevathan potted his second goal, and finally it was the fullback Taylor who scored.

    • 1998, Geoffrey Serle: In Tribute, page 20:

      He played for the Oxford Australians against their Cambridge counterparts, and even potted a few goals at picnic Rugby matches.

派生語

語源 2

Possibly a shortened form of Mexican Spanish potiguaya or potaguaya (“cannabis leaves”), or potación de guaya (literally “drink of grief”), supposedly denoting a drink of wine or brandy in which marijuana buds were steeped, from pota +‎ de +‎ guaya (see guayar (“to lament”)).

名詞

pot (uncountable)

1. (slang, uncountable) Marijuana.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:marijuana

   • 1968 July, Shel Silverstein, “Silverstein's Hippies”, in Playboy Magazine, page 189:

     The way we figure it, ma'am, if everybody walked around naked, smoked pot and listened to rock'n'roll, there wouldn't be any more wars!

派生語

Further reading

• Ernest L. Abel (1982), “Pot”, in A Marihuana Dictionary: Words, Terms, Events, and Persons Relating to Cannabis, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, →ISBN, pages 80–81

語源 3

Clipping of potentiometer.

名詞

pot (plural pots)

1. (slang, electronics) A simple electromechanical device used to control resistance or voltage (often to adjust sound volume) in an electronic device by rotating or sliding when manipulated by a human thumb, screwdriver, etc.

派生語

• slide pot (a sliding (linear) potentiometer typically designed to be manipulated by a thumb or finger)
• thumb pot (a rotating potentiometer designed to be turned by a thumb or finger)

動詞

pot (third-person singular simple present pots, present participle potting, simple past and past participle potted)

1. (slang, broadcasting) To fade volume in or out by means of a potentiometer.
   • 1999, A Broadcast Engineering Tutorial for Non-engineers, page 23:

     While the announcer is talking, the select switch on the mixing board for the microphone input is selected, and the microphone is “potted up.”

語源 4

Clipping of potion.

名詞

pot (plural pots)

1. (roleplaying games, video games) Clipping of potion.

参照

• “pot” in Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary: Based on Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, 8th edition, Springfield, Mass.: G[eorge] & C[harles] Merriam, 1973 (1974 printing), →OCLC.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “pot”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

アナグラム

• OPT, OPt, OTP, PTO, TPO, oPt, opt, opt., top

名詞

pot m

1. alternative form of pott

語源

From 古期英語 pott and Old French pot, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *puttaz, from Proto-Indo-European *budnós.

発音

• IPA: /pɔt/

名詞

pot (plural pottes)

1. A pot; a circular receptacle or vessel:
   1. A cookpot (a pot used for cooking in)
   2. A pot used for storing substances (especially food or water)
   3. A pot used for ladling or serving liquids; a beaker.
   4. A measurement for the quantity of liquids.
   5. A pot of a certain material or manufacture:
      1. A ceramic pot or vessel.
      2. A pot or vessel made out of metal.
2. (rare) The top of the skull.
3. (rare) A shard of earthen material.

関連する語

派生した語

• English: pot
• Scots: pott, pat

参照

• “pot(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 22 July 2018.