poenaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpoe̯.na]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈpɛː.na]

名詞

poena f (genitive poenae); first declension

1. penalty, punishment

   Synonyms: pūnītiō, mercēs, supplicium, vindicātiō, exemplum, sanctio, pretium, animadversus, vindicta, malum

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.4:

     Ut [...] magnitudine poenae perterreant alios

     In order to terrify others by the severity of punishment

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.136:

     “Post mihi nōn similī poenā commissa luētis.”

     “Hereafter, [believe] me, you will atone by no similar penalty [for] having committed [such misdeeds].”
     (In other words, another transgression will earn the winds far worse than a verbal warning, says Neptune.)

2. hardship, torment

   Synonyms: cruciātus, malum

3. (figurative) execution

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

• poenās dare
• pūniō

関連する語

• paeniteō

派生した語

Further reading

• “poena”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “poena”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "poena", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “poena”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to revenge oneself on some one: ulcisci aliquem, poenas expetere ab aliquo
    
  • to revenge oneself for a thing: ulcisci aliquid, poenas alicuius rei expetere
    
  • to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf: poenas alicuius or alicuius rei repetere ab aliquo
    
  • to punish some one: poena afficere aliquem (Off. 2. 5. 18)
    
  • to exact a penalty from some one: poenas alicuius persequi
    
  • to exact a penalty from some one: poenam petere, repetere ab aliquo
    
  • to exact a penalty from some one: poenas expetere ab aliquo
    
  • to ordain as punishment that..: hanc poenam constituere in aliquem, ut...
    
  • to be (heavily) punished by some one: poenas (graves) dare alicui
    
  • to be punished by some one (on account of a thing): poenas alicui pendere (alicuius rei)
    
  • to suffer punishment: poenas dependere, expendere, solvere, persolvere
    
  • to suffer punishment: poenam (alicuius rei) ferre, perferre
    
  • to be punished for a thing, expiate it: poenam luere (alicuius rei) (Sull. 27. 76)
    
  • to submit to a punishment: poenam subire
    
• “poena”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• poena in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “poena”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
• “poena”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin