plagaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpɫaː.ɡa]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈplaː.ɡa]

名詞

plāga f (genitive plāgae); first declension

1. plague, misfortune

   Synonyms: malum, cruciātus, nūbēs, miseria, īnfortūnium, calamitās, cāsus, vulnus

2. stroke, blow, cut, strike

   Synonyms: ictus, vulnus, colaphus, pulsus

3. wound, gash, injury

   Synonyms: vulnus, noxa, incommoditās, damnum

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生した語

Borrowings:

語源 2

Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *plag-, and cognate with Ancient Greek πλάγος (plágos, “side, flank”), Proto-Germanic *flakaz (“flat, smooth”), though the existence of such a root and its potential relation to Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad, plain”) raises formal issues.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpɫa.ɡa]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈplaː.ɡa]

名詞

plaga f (genitive plagae); first declension

1. tract, region, quarter, zone
   • (Can we date this quote?) Attributed to Ennius by Cicero in De divinatione, Book II, Chapter XIII

     Quod est ante pedes nemo spectat, caeli scrutantur plagas.

     What is before the feet, noone regards; the skies are searched in the regions.

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生した語

• ⇒ Late Latin: plagia
  • Corsican: piaghja
  • Dalmatian: plui
  • Italian: piaggia
  • Old French:
    • French: plage (see there for further descendants)
    • Walloon: pladje
  • Old Occitan:
    • Catalan: platja
    • Occitan: plaja
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: praia, praya
    • Fala: playa
    • Galician: praia
    • Portuguese: praia, praya (obsolete)
      • → Hong Kong English: praya
      • → Hunsrik: Praia
      • → Nheengatu: praya
  • Old Spanish:
    • Spanish: playa, plasha (pronunciation spelling, representing Rioplatense Spanish)
      • ⇒ Cebuano: aplaya
      • → English: playa
      • → Papiamentu: playa
      • → Swedish: playa
      • ⇒ Tagalog: aplaya
    • → Basque: plaia
  • Sicilian: praja
• → Italian: plaga
• → Portuguese: plaga

語源 3

From Proto-Indo-European *plek- (“to weave”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πλέκω (plékō, “braid”). (Can this etymology be sourced?)

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpɫa.ɡa]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈplaː.ɡa]

名詞

plaga f (genitive plagae); first declension (chiefly plural only)

1. a hunting net, web, used to set traps, snares

   Synonyms: rēte, cassis

   Near-synonym: tēla

   • c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 608–609:

     Sed speculabor, ne quis aut hinc aut ab laeva aut dextera
     nostro consilio venator adsit cum auritis plagis.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.131:

     [...] rētia rāra, plagae, lātō vēnābula ferrō, [...].

     [Young hunters carrying] wide-meshed nets, traps, [and] hunting spears [tipped] with broad blades, [...].
     (The only appearance of this word in Virgil’s poetry. The “rētia rāra” are thin or widely-woven nets; in context, the “plagae” may be understood as stronger nets, snares, traps, or even ropes for securing the “retia.” Translations vary.)

   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 3.5.32:

     Si pugnat extricata densis
     cerva plagis, erit ille fortis
     qui perfidis se credidit hostibus
     et Marte Poenos proteret altero; […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   1. (figuratively):

      Synonyms: trānsenna, laqueus, rēte, cassis, pedica

      • c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 4.9.11:

        Ipsus illic sese iam impedivit in plagas; […]

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

      • 45 BCE, Cicero, Academica 48:

        Posthac tamen, cum haec quaeremus, potius de dissensionibus tantis summorum uirorum disseramus, de obscuritate naturae deque errore tot philosophorum, qui de bonis contrariisque rebus tanto opere discrepant, ut, cum plus uno uerum esse non possit, iacere necesse sit tot tam nobilis disciplinas, quam de oculorum sensuumque reliquorum mendaciis et de sorite aut pseudomeno, quas plagas ipsi contra se Stoici texuerunt.

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (pre-classical, only attested in glosses from Varro by Nonius) bedcurtain, curtain

   Synonym: plagula

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

関連する語

参照

Further reading

• “plaga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “plaga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “plaga”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “plaga”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to inflict a death-blow: plagam extremam or mortiferam infligere
    
  • to inflict a mortal wound on some one: mortiferam plagam alicui infligere
    
• "plaga", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• plaga, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011