placeboとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Inherited from 中期英語 placebo, borrowed from Latin placēbō (“I will please”), the first-person singular future active indicative of placeō (“I please”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pləˈsiː.bəʊ/
• (General American, Canada) IPA: /pləˈsi.boʊ/
• (General Australian) IPA: /pləˈsiː.bəʉ/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /pləˈsiː.bɐʉ/
• 韻: -iːbəʊ

名詞

placebo (plural placebos or placeboes)

1. (medicine) A dummy medicine containing no active ingredients; an inert treatment. [from 18th c.]
   • 2010 February 22, Edzard Ernst, “No to homeopathy placebo”, in The Guardian‎:

     The acid test, I thought, was whether homeopathic remedies behave differently from placebos when submitted to clinical trials.

   • 2021 March 8, Jane E. Brody, “Medical Marijuana Is Not Regulated as Most Medicines Are”, in The New York Times‎:

     The trials overall showed some but limited effectiveness, and in one of the largest and longest trials, the placebo performed better in treating spasticity, pain and bladder dysfunction, Dr. Bowling wrote.

2. (Roman Catholicism) The vespers sung in the office for the dead. [from 13th c.]
   • 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 349:

     There the placebo, the office for the dead, was sung, and a vigil kept throughout the night.

派生語

参考

• drug
• nocebo

アナグラム

• Obecalp

語源

Learned borrowing from Latin placēbō (“I will please”), the first-person singular future active indicative of placeō (“I please”).

発音

• IPA: /pla(ː)ˈseːboː/

名詞

placebo (plural placeboes)

1. (Christianity) The vespers sung in the office for the dead.
   • a. 1380, John Wycliffe, Of feyned contemplatif lif, of ſong, of þe ordynal of ſalisbury, & of bodely almes & worldly byſyneſse of preſtis; hou bi þes foure þe fend lettiþ hem fro prechynge of þe gospel‎:

     Þan were matynys & maſse & euen ſong, placebo & dirige & comendacion & matynes of oure lady ordeyned of ſynful men, to be ſongen wiþ heiȝe criynge to lette men fro þe ſentence & vnderſtondynge of þat þat was þus ſongen, & to maken men wery & vndiſpoſid to ſtudie goddis lawe for akyng of hedis […]

     Then there were matins, mass, evensong, placebo, dirges, commendations, and matins of Our Lady, which originated from sinful men, to be sung with high-pitched shrieking to keep people from the meaning and understanding of that which was sung, as to make men weary and unsuited to study God's law because of headaches […]

2. Talk for buttering someone up, making them sycophantic or pleasing them.
3. A representation or exemplar of adulation or sycophancy.

派生した語

• English: placebo

参照

• “plācēbo, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 7 May 2019.

参照

• "placebo", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)